黄河三角洲台田间渗水池塘的水质变动规律分析

以黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘为研究对象,分析了渗水池塘的水质因子变动规律。结果表明:不同池塘间水质因子差异较大,但均表现出水体盐度较高、氮磷等营养物质含量较低、K+离子含量相对较低、Ca2+离子和Na+离子含量相对较高及K+/Na+显著低于正常海水等特点。结果说明,黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘的水质条件不适合直接进行水产养殖,应对水质调整后才可做养殖之用。     

吸附到白浆土中铝的解吸行为研究

为探讨发生铝污染的白浆土中金属铝的解吸特性,采用平衡振荡法,研究铝在白浆土中的解吸行为及不同因素的影响。结果表明:在720min后,白浆土中的铝解吸基本达到平衡;25℃下,土壤有机质含量为42.2g/kg,铝在白浆土中的解吸量仅为吸附量的1.5%;用Langmuir方程可很好地拟合白浆土中铝解吸等温曲线(r=0.985 9**),说明表面均匀单层解吸占主导;热力学参数ΔG0,ΔH0,ΔS0,表明铝的解吸是自发、吸热和熵增加的过程。土壤有机质由42.2g/kg降至27.8g/kg时,白浆土中铝的最大解吸量由25.87mg/kg升至66.11mg/kg,且导致解吸滞后现象的加剧。pH降至3时,铝的解吸量升至226.4mg/kg,是pH在5~7时的8倍以上。随着解吸液中NaCl和Na_2SO_4浓度的增加,铝的解吸量增加。总之,吸附到白浆土中的铝解吸能力较弱,但pH和有机质含量降低,无机盐含量升高,铝的解吸量大幅增加,污染风险急剧上升。     

乌桕叶对鸡的急性毒性试验

为了解乌桕叶作为鸡饲料添加剂和防治鸡白痢的药物是否安全,采用乌桕叶灌注雏鸡嗉囊的方法进行了急性毒性试验.结果表明:1 d内对雏鸡每1 kg给生药最大药量320.1 g,雏鸡无明显中毒症状,无死亡.乌桕叶对鸡无毒,可作鸡饲料添加剂应用.     

天麻多糖的分离及其单糖组成分析

 [目的]从天麻中提取分离天麻多糖（GBP-Ⅰ,GBP-Ⅱ）,并对其组成进行研究。[方法]天麻依次经热水浸提,乙醇沉淀,Sevag法除蛋白质,有机溶剂洗涤、超滤,得天麻多糖GBP-Ⅰ和GBP-Ⅱ,将GBP-Ⅰ和GBP-Ⅱ分别用1mol/L的盐酸在100℃水解,水解液经过离子色谱分析,确定其单糖组成的种类和比例。[结果]GBP-Ⅰ和GBP-Ⅱ两种多糖均由鼠李糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖组成。其中GBP-I中5种单糖的相对含量分别是1.27%、5.41%、76.49%、6.32%、10.51%,GBP-II中五种单糖的相对含量分别是2.32%、8.49%、62.44%、10.22%、16.53%。     

Response to salinity of three grain legumes for potential cultivation in arid areas

Abstract

The material balance of all the chemical species associated with the phosphate sorption reaction by two amorphous clays, silica-alumina gel and synthetic goethite was investigated adjusting the initial pH to 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0. Phosphate sorption was found to decrease with increasing initial pH. During phosphate sorption, the equilibrium pH rose, adsorption of Cl^- decreased to a state of negative adsorption, adsorption of Na⁺ increased markedly, silicate was released, and Al in the solution was precipitated. With increasing initial pH, the amount of apparent released OH^- increased, the amount of Na⁺ adsorption increased, and the amount of released silicate decreased. The overall relationship of the material balance is explained in terms of the charge balance associated with phosphate sorption.     

Fungal–copper interactions in wood examined with large field of view synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to demonstrate how synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) can be used to better understand the mechanisms of copper tolerance in wood decay fungi. Copper is a major component in commercial wood preservatives as it is toxic to many wood decay fungi. However, certain fungi are copper tolerant and can attack preservative-treated wood, resulting in structural damage to treated wood members. Here we used large-field XFM to visualize six different elements (K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) in the mycelia and wood inoculated with four different species of brown rot wood decay fungi. Wood blocks were partially dipped into a solution of copper sulfate, exposed to fungi in malt extract agar petri dish assays for nine weeks, and then imaged and compared to blocks that were partially dipped in water. The blocks were imaged immediately adjacent to an end-matched control that was placed in malt extract agar petri dish assays for 9 weeks, but not exposed to the fungi so that the differences in the elemental distributions could be directly compared. The colonized wood and mycelia were rich in K, Ca, Mn, and Fe; however, the elements and the spatial distribution in the mycelia and wood differed across fungal species. The most interesting results were the maps showing the copper distribution. While three of the four fungi grew on the copper-rich region of the wood, only one species, Fibroporia radiculosa, dramatically reduced the copper concentration in the region of fungal growth.     

几种杀螨剂对3种叶螨的毒力比较

作者于 1 996年对二斑叶螨 (TetranychusurticaeKoch)、朱砂叶螨 [T .cinnabarinus(Boisdural) ]和山楂叶螨 (T .viennensisZacher)进行了三氯杀螨醇、甲氰菊酯、哒螨酮、霸螨灵等 4种杀螨剂的毒力测定 ,并对 3种叶螨在LC50 和LC95水平上 ,比较了相互之间的毒力差别。结果表明 ,二斑叶螨的毒力最高 ,朱砂叶螨次之 ,山楂叶螨毒力最低。     

A Study on the Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Ion in the Process of Sintering and Ironmaking

The basic principle of using chromium leach residue as melting flux of blast furnace is introduced in this paper.The reduction thermodynamics of Na 2CrO 4 and chromium oxides in the process of sintering and ironmaking is studied,and the simulating experiments in the laboratory and industrial experiments in 600 m 3 blase furnace are carried out.The results of thermodynamical study and experimental study show that hexavalent chromium ion in the burden can be well eliminated in the process of sintering and ironmaking.     

几种金属离子对萼花臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

萼花臂尾轮虫是鱼苗最适口的优质饵料之一，也是生态研究的主要对象之一。其适应力强、生长快、繁殖迅速、培养成本低，极易在生产实践中推广应用。并可作为水环境监测的指示生物。通过对萼花臂尾轮虫的24h标准化急性毒性试验，证明了Zn^2 、Pb^2 、Cu^2 、Cd^2 对萼花臂尾轮虫具有急性毒害作用。     

植物内流型钾离子通道的研究进展*

 内流型钾离子通道是植物钾离子吸收的重要途径之一。近年来,已从多种植物或同种植物的不同组织器官中分离得到多个内流型钾离子通道基因（如AKT1, KAT1, SIRK和KST1等）。从内流型钾离子通道基因的分类、结构、生理功能及在植物的应用等4方面综述了关于植物内流型钾离子通道的研究进展。