A Study on the Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Ion in the Process of Sintering and Ironmaking

The basic principle of using chromium leach residue as melting flux of blast furnace is introduced in this paper.The reduction thermodynamics of Na 2CrO 4 and chromium oxides in the process of sintering and ironmaking is studied,and the simulating experiments in the laboratory and industrial experiments in 600 m 3 blase furnace are carried out.The results of thermodynamical study and experimental study show that hexavalent chromium ion in the burden can be well eliminated in the process of sintering and ironmaking.     

有机肥与尿素配施对设施土壤盐分含量与组成变化的影响

通过室内模拟培养试验,研究了有机肥与尿素配施对设施土壤盐分的影响.结果表明:(1)设施土壤的含盐量和电导率均随着施肥后培养时间的延长,呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势.培养15～30 d较高,30～60 d降低,60 d后又缓慢升高.设施土壤含盐量与有机肥施用量旱极显著正相关,而与尿素用量无明显的相关性;电导率则与尿素和有机肥施用最均有极显著正相关.(2)施用尿素不同程度增加了K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NO3-的含量,施用有机肥显著增加了K+、Na+、Cl-的含量,设施和露地土壤盐分总量和离子组成差异不显著.另外研究了土壤盐分总量和电导率分别与K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-等含量的相关性,均呈极显著正相关.     

河网水流模拟编程计算研究

以扩展的圣维南方程组和有限差分方程组为基础，对河网进行合理的编码，采用Preissmann法对圣维南方程组进行离散，采用河网矩阵标识法的三级解法编制河网非恒定流的计算程序求解各断面的水位Z和流量Q。     

盐胁迫对扁桃砧木营养器官离子吸收的影响

温室条件下,用NaCl和Na2SO4处理石头扁桃、桃扁桃和毛桃,处理浓度为0,75,150,300和350 mmol/L,处理10,20 d分别取叶、根和茎,测定各器官中离子吸收与分布变化规律。研究结果表明,盐胁迫下,3种砧木根、茎、叶中Na ,Cl-,SO42-含量及Na /K 比均随盐浓度的增加和处理时间的延长而增加,K 含量变化规律不稳定,但桃扁桃根、茎和叶片中K 略高于其他两个品种;石头扁桃根、茎、叶片中Na /K 比值高于其它两个品种,桃扁桃中Na /K 比值最低。桃扁桃根部Na ,Cl-和SO42-含量高于石头扁桃和毛桃,而叶片和茎中Na ,Cl-和SO42-含量却低于石头扁桃和毛桃。桃扁桃根部能够积累较多的Na ,阻止和减少了Na 向地上部的运输,从而减轻了Na2SO4对它的伤害,进而表明了桃扁桃耐盐能力较强。     

离子溅射银对光电协同灭青霉菌的影响

为解决果蔬采后易受微生物作用而腐败变质的问题,该文进行了纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)光催化技术灭活园艺产品冷藏环境中青霉菌的研究:以活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)为载体,以粉末浸渍-提拉法制备TiO_2-ACF薄膜,采用离子溅射法在ACF薄膜上作贵重金属银沉积处理,研究表面溅射与底层溅射纳米Ag粒子及施以外加电压处理对TiO_2-ACF薄膜光催化灭活青霉菌的影响及机理。结果显示,不同的溅射方式对试验结果有不同的影响,其中底层溅射效果较好,120 s时光催化灭活青霉菌速率最高;外加电压可提高TiO_2-ACF薄膜光催化速率,75 V是最优值,且光电催化作用效果优于单独光催化和电催化的总和。对负载的ACF薄膜表征分析,发现离子溅射较均匀地实现了纳米Ag-TiO_2混合粒子在ACF薄膜的表面及内部负载。研究结果为纳米TiO_2光催化技术在灭活园艺产品冷藏环境中青霉菌的实际应用提供参考。     

不同无机盐保鲜剂对百合切花保鲜的效应

试验探讨不同无机盐离子对百合切花保鲜的影响。结果表明:不同保鲜剂均能有效地增加切花鲜重,增大花径,改善切花体内的水分状况,增加POD活性,降低脯氨酸含量,从而延缓切花衰老,提高切花寿命。其中,以保鲜剂D:30 g/L蔗糖 200 mg/L 8-HQ 50 mg/L Al2(SO4)3的保鲜效果最好。     

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为探讨牛叠肚对碱性盐胁迫的生理适应机制,以牛叠肚幼苗为盆栽试材,研究了低浓度(30 mmol/L)和高浓度(240 mmol/L) NaHCO3胁迫处理下,牛叠肚幼苗各器官Na+、K+、Ca2+的积累、运输和分配特性.结果表明:经NaHCO3胁迫处理后,牛叠肚幼苗根、茎、叶中Na+含量均显著高于对照(P＜0.05),且各器官Na+含量由高到低依次为茎＞根＞叶;除30 mmol/L处理根中K+含量略高于对照外,各器官中K+和Ca2+含量均随胁迫浓度的升高呈不同幅度的下降;各器官中K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+比值均显著低于对照(P＜0.05),但叶片中K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+比值显著高于根、茎中相应比值;茎向叶选择性运输的SK,Na值和SCa,Na值均显著高于相同浓度处理下的根向茎选择性运输SK,Na值和SCa,Na值.牛叠肚幼苗主要通过茎部截留大量Na+以及保持叶部相对较高的K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+比值来适应碱性盐胁迫.     

钛离子注入对3种石蒜属植物种子生物化学特性的影响

为探讨离子注入对石蒜属植物种子生物化学特性的影响,采用不同剂量的钛离子注入3种石蒜属植物种子,研究注入后钛离子对种子电解质外渗率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和发芽率的影响。结果表明:随着钛离子注入剂量的增加,3种石蒜属植物种子相对电解质外渗率不断上升;MDA含量先升后降,随后又小幅回升;SOD、POD活性先升后降,但峰值因离子注入剂量和植物不同而异;石蒜和换锦花种子CAT活性先升后降,中国石蒜种子CAT活性呈"升－降－升"的变化趋势;石蒜种子发芽率曲线呈"马鞍型",中国石蒜和换锦花种子发芽率呈"双马鞍型"曲线,能量为30keV的Ti+诱变石蒜种子的适宜剂量为25×1016ions·cm-2,适于中国石蒜和换锦花种子诱变的注入剂量分别是50×1016ions·cm-2和500×1016ions·cm-2。一定剂量的钛离子注入能激活细胞合成自由基清除酶的能力,3种石蒜属植物的种子发芽率、REC、MDA、SOD、POD以及CAT间存在不同程度的相关性,酶类物质通过相互协调作用减低自由基造成的伤害。     

Responses of Some Newly Developed Salt-tolerant Genotypes of Spring Wheat to Salt Stress: 1. Yield Components and Ion Distribution

The degree of salt tolerance of two newly developed genotypes of spring wheat, S24 and S36 was assessed with respect to their parents, LU26S (from Pakistan) and Kharchia (from India). These four lines along with a salt-tolerant genotype SARC-1 and two salt-sensitive cvs Potohar and Yecora Rojo were subjected to salinized sand culture containing 0, 125 or 250 mol m^?3 NaCl in full strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. S24 produced significantly greater grain yield and had greater 1000 seed weight and number of tillers per plant than those of the other cultivars /lines. S36 was not significantly different from its parents in seed yield and yield components. SARC-1 was the second highest in grain yield of all cultivars/lines, but it did not differ significantly from LU26S and Kharchia in 1000 seed weight and number of tillers per plant. The greater degree of salt tolerance of S24 could be related to its lower accumulation of Na⁺ in the leaves and maintenance of higher leaf K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivity as compared to its parents. S36, which was as good as its parents in growth, also had lower Na⁺ and higher K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivity in the leaves at the highest salt level than those in its parents. SARC-1 did not differ from LU26S and Kharchia in ionic content or K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivities of both leaves and roots. Both the salt-sensitive cultivars, Potohar and Yecora Rojo, had significantly greater leaf Na⁺ and Cl^? concentrations and lower leaf K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivities than all the salt-tolerant lines examined in this study. From this study it is evident that improvement in salt tolerance of spring wheat is possible through selection and breeding, and pattern of ion accumulation is not consistent among the salt-tolerant genotypes in relation to their degree of salt tolerance.     

Differential Cl−/Salt Tolerance and NaCl‐Induced Alternations of Tissue and Cellular Ion Fluxes in Glycine max,Glycine soja and their Hybrid Seedlings

The salt‐sensitive Glycine max N23674 cultivar, the salt‐born Glycine soja BB52 population, and their hybrid 4076 strain (F₅) selected for salt tolerance generation by generation were used as the experimental materials in this study. First, the effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, tissue damage, and time‐course ionic absorption and transportation were compared. When qualitatively compared with seed germination appearance in culture dishes, and tissue damages on roots or leaves of seedlings, or quantitatively compared with the relative salt injury rate, the inhibition on N23674 was all the most remarkable. After the exposure of 140 mm NaCl for 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 2 days and 4 days, the content of Cl^? gradually increased in the roots and leaves of seedlings of BB52, 4076 and 23674. Interestingly, the extents of the Cl^? rise in roots of the three experimental soybean materials were BB52 > 4076 > N23674, whereas those in leaves were just on the contrary. Secondly, by using the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique (SIET), fluxes of Na⁺ and Cl^? in roots and protoplasts isolated from roots and leaves were also investigated among the three experimental soybean materials. After 140 mm NaCl stress for 2, 4 and 6 days, and when compared with N23674, slighter net Cl^? influxes were observed in root tissue and protoplasts of roots and leaves of BB52 and 4076 seedlings, especially at the cellular protoplast level. The results indicate that with regard to the ionic effect of NaCl stress, Cl^? was the main determinant salt ion for salt tolerance in G. soja, G. max and their hybrid, and the difference in their Cl^?/salt tolerance is mainly attributed to the capacity of Cl^? restriction to the plant above‐ground parts such as leaves.