利用显著图构建注意力深度网络检测诱虫板蔬菜害虫

为提高诱虫板图像蔬菜害虫检测精度,针对背景区域容易导致误检的问题基于显著图分析技术构建了一种注意力深度网络害虫智能视觉检测方法。首先通过显著图筛选出粗候选区域;然后在粗候选区域内用全卷积神经网络精选出细候选区域;接着用神经网络分类器识别细候选区域害虫种类,得到含有冗余的若干检测框;最后用改进的非极大值抑制消除冗余检测框,实现诱虫板图像中目标害虫的检测。针对小菜蛾和瓜实蝇展开试验,获得86.40%的平均精度均值和0.111只的平均绝对计数误差均值,所提方法平均精度均值比Faster R-CNN和YOLOv4分别高2.74和1.56个百分点,平均绝对计数误差均值比Faster R-CNN和YOLOv4分别低0.006和0.003只;同时,消融试验中移除显著图注意力模块后平均精度均值下降了4个百分点、平均绝对计数误差均值增加了0.207只。试验结果表明,所提方法有效提高了诱虫板图像蔬菜害虫检测精度,其中,引入显著图注意力模块对提升检测精度有重要作用。     

新型储粮保护剂硅藻土对2种重要储粮害虫的防治效果初报

为了探索硅藻土防治储粮害虫的经济有效剂量、防治方法和条件等,本方设计了不同温度和湿度组合,不同的硅藻土剂量分别对生活在小麦和稻谷中的谷蠹和长角扁谷盗的毒力试验,结果表明:在相同的条件下(1)硅藻土对小麦的防护优于对稻谷的防护。(2)在25℃时对谷蠹的防效高于30℃的防效,对长角扁谷盗则相反。(3)硅藻土的防治效果随着相对湿度的降低而提高。(4)长角扁谷盗对硅藻土的敏感度是谷蠹的5￣6倍。在应用时从经济、有效的原则考虑,建议防治以谷蠹为主要害虫的储粮时以400mg/kg的剂量,防治长角扁谷盗时则以70mg/kg即可。     

Pollinators of the invasive plant, yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), in north-eastern Oregon, USA

The potential pollinators of yellow starthistle ( Centaurea solstitialis ) were surveyed at six sites in north-eastern Oregon, USA, between May and September from 2000 to 2002. The objective of the study was to determine the species composition and relative abundance of the insects that visited yellow starthistle throughout the flowering season and to assess the pollen loads on their bodies in order to infer which species might be the most effective pollinators of this invasive plant species in north-eastern Oregon. A total of 1923 individual flower visitors were collected at the six sites over the 3 year study period, comprising four orders, 41 families, and 203 species of insects. The 20 most commonly collected species represented nearly 59% of the individuals and just ten of these species could be considered the key pollinators, judging by the combination of abundance and pollen carriage (the megachilids, Megachile apicalis (introduced) and Megachile perihirta , the apids, Apis mellifera (introduced), Bombus bifarius , Bombus centralis , Svastra obliqua , and Melissodes lutalenta , the halictids, Halictus tripartitus and Halictus ligatus , and the tachinid, Peleteria malleola . Over the 3 year study period, the six sites were consistently distinct in their flower visitor fauna, with the metropolitan Pendleton sites having a species composition distinct from the four mountain sites. Consistent patterns of interannual variation also were observed over the 3 year study. These patterns of flower visitation are interpreted in the context of the plant community within which yellow starthistle grows in north-eastern Oregon.     

Potential distribution of two Ambrosia species in China under projected climate change

The invasion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida from their native range to occupy large areas in China has raised considerable concern. Using the maximum entropy (Maxent) method, we developed models for each Ambrosia species, based on occurrence records from both native ranges (North America) and their invaded ranges (e.g. northern and south‐western Europe) to predict the availability and distribution of suitable habitats for these two species in China. For each species, we also assessed potential shifts in habitat suitability for the year 2050, using three general circulation models (GCMs) and two emission scenarios. Elevation and average mean precipitation in October contributed most to model development for both species. Potential distribution projections under future climatic change scenarios suggested an averaged percentage of suitable area (2.21%) and habitat gain (1.49%) in A. artemisiifolia distribution, with further expansion to environmentally favourable locations in south‐east coastal regions, northern Taiwan and the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan area in northern China. Future predicted percentage of suitable area for A. trifida was 0.03% with a very limited suitable habitat gain of <1% although this species had the potential to continue to spread in northern China. Our findings suggest that management priorities should be focused on A. artemisiifolia, whilst effective control strategies for A. trifida may be optimised by concentrating efforts on those relatively fewer regions of China where the species is currently abundant.     

泽泻常见病虫害研究进展与展望

泽泻是常用大宗中药材,病虫害是影响其优质高产高效的重要因素。本文通过已有研究对泽泻白斑病、莲缢管蚜、福寿螺、莲纹夜蛾和银纹夜蛾等常见的病虫害的病原、虫源、为害症状、发病规律及防治措施等进行综述,并对存在的问题加以展望,以期为泽泻病虫害防治及进一步研究提供新的思路,促进泽泻产业的绿色发展。     

转Bt基因棉32B 不同生育期抗虫性的变化及其机理

对转Bt基因抗虫棉“32B”不同生育期抗虫性以及叶片中Bt毒蛋白、水溶性蛋白、总蛋白、单宁含量进行了测定与分析。转Bt基因棉各生育期抗虫性动态变化趋势为 :整个苗期抗虫性均较强 ,现蕾期有所下降 ,生长中后期显著下降至最低。研究表明 :32B棉叶中Bt毒蛋白含量的变化与生测抗虫性的动态变化一致 ,并与棉叶中蛋白质代谢呈正相关 ,苗期叶片中蛋白质合成代谢旺盛 ,Bt毒蛋白含量则高 ;生长后期叶片中蛋白质合成代谢衰退 ,Bt毒蛋白含量则降低 ;叶片中单宁含量与生测抗性及叶片蛋白质含量、Bt毒蛋白含量均呈负相关 ,表明单宁与Bt毒蛋白含量及抗虫性之间可能存在拮抗作用     

铁皮石斛黑斑病菌室内药效试验

通过供试的18种药剂对铁皮石斛黑斑病菌体外抑制作用测试结果表明,除克菌特外,所有药剂对其孢子萌发都有显著的抑制作用,其中代森锰锌、易保、代森锌和炭疽福美可完全抑制孢子萌发,霉克特、扑海英、使百克、新太生、甲基托布津和世高对孢子萌发有较强烈的抑制作用。与对照比较,克菌特促进孢子萌发率高于对照23.34%,克菌特和庄园乐都能促进芽管生长。18种药剂对石斛黑斑病菌菌丝体的抑制作用测定结果显示,所有药剂对菌丝生长都有显著的抑制作用,其中使百克和世高对菌丝体抑制效果最好,抑菌率都达91.28%,其次是施佳乐、福星和扑海英。     

First report of the Q biotype ofBemisia tabaci in Japan by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence analysis

The recent upsurgence ofBemisia tabaci (Genn.) as an important insect pest and vector ofTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is directly linked to serious damage to tomato crops grown throughout Japan. The molecular genetic identification and phylogenetic relationships of 12B. tabaci populations collected from representative locations in Japan were determined based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of the whitefly mtCOI sequence indicated that both the invasive B and Q biotypes now occur in Japan. The Q biotype was found at four locations: Mihara in Hiroshima, Nishigoshi in Kumamoto, Miyanojo and Okuchi in Kagoshima prefectures; the remaining eight collections were identified as the B biotype. This is the first report of the introduction of Q biotype in Japan. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2006.     

水稻病虫害综合防治技术的示范应用与推广

水稻是沿海地区主要种植的粮食品种,近年来,灰飞虱、水稻的条纹叶枯病和黑条矮缩病的大发生已成为水稻生产获得高产优质的严重障碍,推广和应用水稻病虫害综合防治技术已成为水稻生产的重要技术。通过水稻病虫害综合防治技术,保证了水稻的安全生产,保证了农民的丰产丰收,经济效益显著。