我国保护地蔬菜害虫生物防治研究进展

当前保护地蔬菜害虫为害日益严重,鉴于化学农药防治易造成污染,生物防治必将成为保护地蔬菜害虫防治的优选。对常见的生物防治技术和方法,包括天敌昆虫、昆虫病原微生物、昆虫信息素、杀虫抗生素、植物源农药及新兴生物技术在害虫生物防治中的应用作一简要概述,为保护地蔬菜安全生产提供技术指导。     

南美斑潜蝇为害芹菜的产量损失和经济阈值研究

本项研究结果表明：(1)在塑料大棚内,南美斑潜蝇虫道面积百分率与芹菜产量呈负相关,而与芹菜产量损失率呈正相关,直线回归方程分别为Y=3．3658-0．02675X和Y=2．15899 0．08184X,即虫道面积百分率每增加1％,产量减少0．02675kg,产量损失率增加0．08184％。(2)南美斑潜蝇为害大棚芹菜经济阈值数学模型：X=14.0845ln 23.1575L/68.075-L。     

据小麦穗部特征建立判别品种对麦红吸浆虫抗性数学模型的研究

通过对小麦穗部形态特征逐步判断分析,建立了判别函数模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ,估计小麦品种对麦红吸浆虫的抗性.模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ的判对率分别为92.49%和92.14%.通径分析表明,小穗长度(x₁₀)和小穗宽度(X₁₁)是影响品种抗性的主要因素.     

基于轻量型残差网络的自然场景水稻害虫识别

准确识别水稻害虫对水稻及时采取防护和治理措施具有重要意义,该研究以自然场景中水稻害虫图像为研究对象,针对水稻害虫图像的颜色纹理与背景相近以及同类害虫形态差异较大等特点,设计了一个由特征提取、全局优化以及局部优化模块构成的轻量型残差网络（Light Weight Residual Network,LW-ResNet）用于水稻害虫识别。在特征提取模块通过增加卷积层数以及分支数对残差块进行改进,有效提取自然场景中水稻害虫图像的深层全局特征并使用全局优化模块进行优化;局部优化模块通过设计轻量型注意力子模块关注害虫的局部判别性特征。LW-ResNet网络在特征提取模块减少了残差块的数量,在注意力子模块中采用深度可分离卷积减少了浮点运算量,从而实现了模型的轻量化。试验结果表明,所设计的LW-ResNet网络在13类水稻害虫图像的测试数据集上达到了92.5%的识别准确率,高于VGG16、ResNet、AlexNet等经典卷积神经网络模型,并且LW-ResNet网络的参数量仅为1.62×106个,浮点运算量仅为0.34×109次,低于MobileNetV3轻量级卷积神经网络模型。该研究成果可用于移动端水稻害虫的自动识别。     

陕西省核桃害虫种类调查及主要害虫的防治技术

核桃是一类重要的经济植物。通过实地调查及参考相关文献,本文初步记录陕西省核桃害虫71种,同时记述了核桃举肢蛾、核桃小吉丁虫、核桃横沟象、银杏大蚕蛾、云斑天牛等核桃主要害虫的生物学特性及防治技术。     

Expression profiling of transgenes (Cry1Ac and Cry2A) in cotton genotypes under different genetic backgrounds

Transgenic cotton carrying the CrylAc gene has revolutionized insect pest control since its adoption,although the development of resistance in insect pests has reduced its efficacy.After 10 years of cultivating Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) cotton with a single Cry1 Ac gene,growers are on the verge of adopting Bt cotton that carries the double gene(Cry1 Ac+Cry2 A) due to its better effectiveness against insect pests.Thus,the current study was designed to evaluate the role of each gene in the effect...     

遥感技术在水稻病虫害监测中的应用

本文主要介绍了高光谱遥感技术在水稻病虫害监测中应用一般原理、方法和研究的技术路线,描述了湖南省水稻病虫害概况,探讨了选用MOD IS数据来监测水稻病虫害,建立业务化服务预报系统,为及时、准确监测预报作物病虫害提供参考。     

InvasionDB: A genome and gene database of invasive alien species

Invasive alien species(IAS) are species whose introduction to areas outside of their native range cause harm to economics, biodiversity, and the environment. Understanding the genetic basis of invasiveness is critical for preventing invasion by an alien species and managing IAS with eco-friendly control methods. In addition, uncovering the genomic features of IAS is essential for accurately predicting invasiveness. However, even though increasing efforts have been devoted to sequencing the genomes of IAS, there is still not an integrated genome database for the invasive biology community. Here, we first determined a list of invasive plants and animals by mining references and databases. Then, we retrieved the genomic and gene data of these IAS, and constructed a database, Invasion DB. Invasion DB encompasses 131 IAS genomes, 76 annotated IAS assemblies, and links these data to conventional functions such as searching for gene coding sequences and Pfam, KEGG, NR annotations, BLAST server, JBrowse, and downloads services. Next, we analyzed 19 invasivenessrelated gene families which confer invasiveness in insects. To study the roles of noncoding RNA in invasiveness, we also annotated 135 494 mi RNAs, 89 294 r RNAs, and 2 671 941 t RNAs from these IAS. In summary, Invasion DB is useful for studying the invasiveness at the genomic level, and thus helps to develop novel management strategies to control IAS.     

频振式杀虫灯在水稻害虫防治中的应用与研究

为了提高西双版纳稻米品质,减少农药残留,科学合理的虫害防治方法是重要的解决手段之一。频振式杀虫灯是当前运用非常广泛的一种物理诱杀害虫的工具,具有广谱、高效、无污染的特点。试验设立灯控不施药区、灯控施药区、非灯控施药区和非灯控不施药区,安排随机区组试验,调查虫害发生动态,适时开展化学农药防治和跟踪测产。试验结果表明：频振式杀虫灯单灯每晚诱虫量在6.7~224 g之间,灯控不施药区、灯控施药区和非灯控施药区与非灯控不施药区相比,对水稻主要害虫稻飞虱和螟虫的防效均达到极显著水平。同时,初步掌握了频振式杀虫灯对水稻害虫的控害效果,表现在水稻虫害发生量减少、防治成本降低、水稻增产增收等方面的效益较为显著。