两优959在海南三亚的种植表现及高产栽培技术

两优959是湖南杂交水稻研究中心自选的籼型两系杂交中稻新组合,2011冬季到2012年春在海南省三亚警备区农场南繁试验基地试种0.08 hm2,经专家现场测产验收,实收产量达到10.77 t/hm2。示范种植表明：两优959株型理想、结实率好、千粒重大、后期落色好,耐肥抗倒。在栽培管理方面,主要注意适时播种,培育壮秧,小苗移栽,合理施肥,适度密植,科学管水分和预防结合的控制病虫害。     

农业用水定价政策绩效评估研究进展

阐述了国内外农业用水定价政策绩效评估的研究进展。国外研究方面,从绩效评估基本理论出发,在介绍公共政策绩效评估方法的基础上,对农业用水定价政策绩效评估取得的研究成果进行论述;国内研究方面,首先从我国农业用水现状和农业水价定价机制上进行分析,然后就农业水价对农业生产绩效影响的研究成果进行探讨,最后综述分析国内外研究成果,提出了农业用水定价政策绩效评估有待深入研究的若干议题。     

苹果等4种水果果实糖酸组成及风味特点研究

采用高效液相色谱法,分析和测定了4种水果果实中可溶性糖和有机酸的组成及含量,以了解水果果实各具独特风味的影响因素。结果表明,国光苹果果实糖组分以果糖为主,葡萄糖和蔗糖次之,主要有机酸是苹果酸;沙糖桔果实糖组分以蔗糖为主,以柠檬酸和苹果酸为主要有机酸;水晶梨果实中糖组分以果糖和葡萄糖为主,蔗糖含量最低,主要有机酸为苹果酸,其次为柠檬酸;巴西蕉果实中以蔗糖为主要糖分,有机酸中苹果酸含量最高,同时还含有较高的柠檬酸。果实的风味和品质是糖、酸等多种物质综合作用的结果;糖酸比是影响水果果实甜酸风味的一个重要因素,总酸含量在影响果实风味方面起着重要作用。     

外源基因导入鲤（Cyp rinus carpio）受精卵最佳时期的研究

本研究以鲤鱼受精卵为材料，通过显微注射技术，在受精卵的不同发育时期把鲤鱼ＭＴ启动子基因和大麻哈鱼ＧＨ基因导入受精卵中，按孵出的鱼苗数分别计算成活率，再通过斑点杂交和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ Ｂｌｏｔ杂交检测整合情况，计算整合率，孵化率最高的为单细胞中期（９０．８３％），整合率最高的为单细胞后期和囊胚期（４０％）。综合研究结果外源基因导入鲤鱼受精卵的最佳时期应选在单细胞后期。     

小肽制品对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫机能的影响及机理研究

本研究以杜大长早期断奶仔猪为对象,分2次试验探讨了小肽制品对早期断奶仔猪的添加效果。试验1设计4个小肽制品的添加水平(0‰、2‰、4‰、6‰),探讨其对仔猪生长性能的影响,以此选择最佳添加量。试验2以试验1选出的最佳水平为添加量,研究小肽制品对仔猪生长性能和部分血液生理生化指标的影响,进一步探讨小肽作用的某些机理。试验1结果:添加2‰小肽制品的试验仔猪与对照组相比,日采食量和日增重分别提高了15.5%和17.3%(P<0.05);而随着添加量的增加,试验仔猪的生长性能呈下降趋势。故确定小肽制品的最佳添加量为2‰。试验2结果:以添加2‰小肽制品的日粮饲喂仔猪,试验仔猪的日采食量和日增重分别增加了15.7%(P<0.01)和18.1%(P<0.01),料重比和腹泻率分别减少了2.1%(P<0.05)和54.8%(P<0.05),这与试验1结果基本一致;血清总蛋白浓度和球蛋白浓度分别增加了45.8%(P<0.01)和19.4%(P<0.05),尿素氮浓度减少了39.6%(P<0.05),白球比降低了33.9%(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶分别增加了28.2%(P<0.05)、26.6%(P<0.05)和39.9%(P<0.01),乳酸脱氢酶活性降低了22.1%(P<0.05)。以上结果显示,小肽制品能显著提高蛋白质的沉积率,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,增强其免疫机能。     

猪氟烷基因对繁殖性能的影响初探

本文采用PCR—RFLP技术检测了德阳市种畜场“九五”期间长白猪选育群第三世代123个个体的氟烷基因型,并统计分析了其中80头母猪(NN型52头,Nn型28头)头胎繁殖性状受氟烷敏感基因(Haln)影响的情况。研究结果表明,该猪群中Haln基因的频率为13.82%;NN型个体35日龄断奶成活率显著高于Nn型个体,在其他繁殖性状上二者间无显著差异,研究结果为全面了解Haln基因的遗传效应及其合理利用提供了理论依据和参考。     

罗氏沼虾浙江养殖群体与缅甸自然群体遗传差异的RAPD分析

利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术，对浙江省罗氏沼虾养殖群体和新引进的缅甸自然群体的遗传差异进行了比较分析，以期从分子水平了解罗氏沼虾的种群遗传多样性背景及与引种的关系。采用经筛选的22个10bp的随机引物对罗氏沼虾两群体各20尾进行群体RAPD分析。22个引物共检测到139个位点。养殖群体的多态位点比例为30．22％，群体平均杂合度为0．2646，Shannon多样性指数为0．0780，群体内各个体之间的遗传共享度为0．9353，遗传距离为0．0647；自然群体的多态位点比例为33．81％，群体的平均杂合度和Shannon多样性指数分别为0．2888和0．0940，群体内各个体之间的遗传共享度为0．9201，遗传距离为0．0799；两群体之间的遗传距离为0．1845。自然群体的遗传多样性水平比养殖群体要高。利用随机引物S9和S52，在罗氏沼虾两群体间扩增出2条稳定、明显的群体间特异性标记带。     

Influence of artificial insemination on the reproductive performance of Farfantepenaeus paulensis in conventional and unisex maturation systems

The application of artificial insemination techniques as a way to overcome the lack of mating of the closed thelycum Farfantepenaeus paulensis under large scale conditions is reported. The performance of artificially inseminated females (49.4±11.6 g) maintained in conventional versus unisex maturation systems was compared. Groups of unilaterally eyestalk-ablated females were artificially inseminated with one compound spermatophore soon after molting. The percentage of fertilized spawns increased from 26% before the use of artificial insemination to 57% afterwards. The reproductive performance of inseminated females held in conventional or unisex maturation systems showed no significant differences. Artificial insemination was considered a practical approach to overcome the lack of mating of F. paulensis under large-scale conditions with acceptable reproductive performance. The results also indicate the possibility of holding females separately from males, which could mean significant improvements in maturation systems through the increase in the stocking density of spawning females.     

Swimming performance,whole body ions,and gill Al accumulation during acclimation to sublethal aluminium in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Juvenile rainbow trout (2–5 g) were chronically exposed (for 22 days) to acidified softwater (Ca²⁺ = 25 Eq/l, pH 5.2) in the presence or absence sublethal Al (30 g/l). Al-exposed fish (5.2/Al group) suffered 20% whole body Na⁺ and Cl^– losses and a 30% reduction in the maximum sustainable swimming speed (U_crit) over the initial 7 days. These disturbances were approximately 2 fold greater than those observed in the fish exposed to low pH alone (5.2/0 group). However, whole body ion levels were completely restored in the 5.2/Al fish by day 22, whereas they merely stabilized at a new reduced level in the 5.2/0 group. Increased resistance to acutely lethal Al (200 g/l at pH 5.2) was observed from day 17 onwards in the 5.2/Al fish. Despite this acclimation and recovery of whole body ions, U_crit remained significantly lower than in the 5.2/0 group throughout. Growth on a restricted diet of 1% body wt. /day was normal in the 5.2/0 group compared with controls maintained in pH 6.5 softwater, whereas 5.2/Al fish suffered a 50% reduction in growth rate on the same diet. The 5.2/Al fish accumulated large amounts of Al on the gills, reaching an initial peak after 4 days, followed by a decline at 7 days, and a secondary rise thereafter. Therefore acclimation and recovery of whole body ionic status was not associated with a reduction in the gill Al burden. Some of the metabolic costs of acclimation to Al, namely a continued impairment of swimming speed and growth, are discussed in light of the physiological and structural changes reported to occur at the gills.     

The status of the recently introduced fish Leucaspius delineatus (Cyprinidae) in Great Britain

Abstract The fish Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel) (Cyprinidae) has been introduced to southern England as a result of importation as an ornamental fish. It is now established at several waters (lakes, canals, and lowland rivers) in Hampshire and Somerset. It appears to be well adapted to spread beyond these centres as a result of its small size at sexual maturity and reproductive biology. A preliminary assessment of its diet and fecundity, and notes on its breeding habits are given.