Tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna L.: a new fish species suitable for farming? First answers evaluating the growth of juveniles reared at different stocking densities,welfare and fillet quality

A trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and survival of Chelidonichthys lucerna. A total of 13 352 180‐days old juveniles (5.5 ± 2 g; 5 ± 1 cm) were reared at two different densities (A‐EXP = 68 fish m^?3; B‐FFA = 15 fish m^?3) in eight tanks (four tanks per group) for 360 days. The welfare status and meat quality of fish were evaluated for the A‐EXP and B‐FFA groups in comparison with wild‐caught fishery gurnard (C‐WID). The survival rate was high for both A‐EXP (79%) and B‐FFA (93.5%). B‐FFA fish had the highest specific growth rate (1.16 vs. 1.07; P < 0.05), and were heavier than A‐EXP fish (321 ± 40 g vs .239 ± 44 g; P < 0.01). Rearing conditions did not affect blood metabolites, except for glucose concentrations, which were higher in C‐WID (P < 0.05). The meat quality traits showed that reared groups were fatter (2.8–3.2%) than C‐WID (0.94%); total n‐3 fatty acids (19.02–19.26%) were lower in reared groups than C‐WID (29.99%); and EPA + DHA were similar in all groups (15.1–16.61% vs. 27.99%). Despite the good growth and survival, the final mean weight was below that requested by the market (400–500 g). Future research efforts should focus on reducing the feed conversion rate (3:1).     

光照强度对黄颡鱼生长和生理性能的影响

使用光强控制法,探究了光照强度1-8W/m2范围内黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）生长、生理性能影响。结果表明,光强3-6W/m2黄颡鱼的增重率（8.33-11.78%）、特定增长率（0.53-0.74%）最高,饵料系数最低（6.42-9.17）,黄颡鱼体内的胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性和丙二醛含量升高（P＜0.01）,而超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性降低（P＜0.01）,抗氧化、免疫性能受到抑制,因光照影响黄颡鱼的生长和消化性能,不同光强条件下养殖水体中的氨氮、溶氧等水质指标出现差异。本研究为黄颡鱼高效养殖提供了理论依据。     

辅酶渣替代鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹生长及肠道菌群的影响

为探究饲料中辅酶渣替代鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹生长性能、健康情况和肠道菌群的影响,以中华绒螯蟹幼蟹(0.70±0.01g)为研究对象,分别以等蛋白的辅酶渣替代基础饲料中鱼粉的0%(对照组,含20%鱼粉)、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%(记为C、T20、T40、T60、T80、T100)的饲料投喂8周。结果显示,与C组相比,T40组生长性能无显著改变,T60组肌肉粗蛋白含量显著降低。T80组、T100组生长性能、体粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著降低;与C组相比,替代组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、甘油三酯(TG)水平未见显著差异,总蛋白水平(TP)在T100组显著降低。血清葡萄糖(Glu)在替代组中显著降低。T60、T80、T100组的血清总胆固醇(T-CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著降低,T80、T100组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著降低;与C组相比,各替代组肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性无显著差异,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著上升,T100组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低;C、T40、T80组肠道菌...     

Effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides on growth performances and digestive enzyme activities of allogynogenetic crucian carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus gibelio</Emphasis>)

The effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of the allogynogenetic crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, was investigated. XOS was added to fish basal semi-purified diets at three concentrations by dry feed weight: diet 1, 50 mg kg⁻¹; diet 2, 100 mg kg⁻¹; diet 3, 200 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Twelve aquaria (n = 20) with three replicates for each treatment group (diets 1–3) and control treated without XOS were used. Weights of all collected carp from each aquarium were determined at the initial phase and at the end of the experiment, and the carp survival was also determined by counting the individuals in each aquarium. After 45 days, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the relative gain rate (RGR), and daily weight gain (DWG) of diets 1–3 were compared with the control. However, the survival rate was not affected (P > 0.05) by the dietary treatments. For enzymatic analysis, dissection produced a crude mixture of intestine and hepatopancreas of each segment to measure. The protease activity in the intestine and hepatopancreas content of fish in diet 2 (487.37 ± 20.58 U g⁻¹ and 20.52 ± 1.93 U g⁻¹) were significantly different (P < 0.05) from that in the control (428.13 ± 23.26 U g⁻¹ and 12.81 ± 1.52 U g⁻¹) and diet 3 (428.00 ± 23.78 U g⁻¹ and 14.04 ± 1.59 U g⁻¹). Amylase activity in the intestine was significantly higher for diet 2 compared to diet 1 and the control. As for amylase in the hepatopancreas, assays showed higher activity in diet 2 (P < 0.05) compared to the rest.     

Effects of the prebiotic mannan‐oligosaccharide on feed deprived zebrafish: Growth and reproduction

This study was designed to investigate whether the prebiotic mannan‐oligosaccharides (MOS) can reduce the deleterious impacts of feed deprivation on growth and reproduction in zebrafish. In the growth performance experiment, juvenile fish were distributed in the following four treatments: normal‐control (NC), starved‐control (SC), normal‐prebiotic (NP) and starved‐prebiotic (SP). After 8 weeks, NP and SC fish showed the highest and lowest growth patterns, respectively among treatments. Standard length, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly between NC and SP treatments. Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were significantly higher in NP and SP than the NC and SP treatments. Feed restriction resulted in significantly lower concentrations of thyroxine. In the reproductive performance experiment, additional juveniles were fed as in the growth experiment. Crossing in the final week of the experiment resulted in successful spawning in only NP fish, which showed mature sperm and oocytes in histological examinations. The number of spermatozoa was significantly lower in the fish that experienced feed restriction; however, the oocytes of SP females were at the same maturation level to that observed in NC females. Sex‐steroids changed after both starvation and MOS supplementation where NC and SP showed no differences in the levels of testosterone and female's 17β‐estradiol. These results indicate that MOS supplemented diet reduced some side effects of feed deprivation (final weight and length, SGR, FCR and levels of LAB and T3), and suggest that supplementation of the diet with MOS may ameliorate some of the negative effects of feed deprivation in zebrafish.     

Replacement of squid and krill meal by snail meal (Buccinum striatissimum) in practical diets for juvenile of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus)

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of substituting squid and krill meal with marine snails (Buccinum striatissimum) into the diets of juvenile kuruma shrimps (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Five experimental diets were formulated to contain varying levels of snail meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, respectively) and fed to juvenile kuruma shrimps (initial mean weight 0.27 ± 0.02 g). The results showed that weight gain, feed intake and specific growth rate were improved significantly in D4 and D5 groups when compared with D1 group (p < 0.05). Significant differences were not detected in survival rate among all shrimps fed diets containing several levels of snail meal (p > 0.05). Crude protein content of shrimps fed the control diet was significantly lower than other treatments (p < 0.05). Lipid content in shrimps fed 50% snail meal were significantly higher than the control while cholesterol content in shrimps fed 100% snail meal were significantly decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were significantly increased in shrimps fed 75%–100% snail meal (p < 0.05). These results suggest that supplementing snail meal for complete replacement of squid and krill meal can be done to improve juvenile kuruma shrimps’ growth and reducing their cholesterol levels.     

丝兰属植物提取物降低鸡舍氨气浓度的研究

通过在21日龄的肉用仔鸡饲料中添加丝兰属植物提取物(其有效成分为丝兰皂角苷),研究丝兰属植物提取物对降低鸡舍中氨气浓度和提高肉仔鸡生产性能的效果。28d试验表明,试验组鸡舍内氨气平均浓度为4.75mg/L,对照组鸡舍内氨气平均浓度为13.80mg/L,试验组比对照组鸡舍内氨气平均浓度降低了9.05mg/L,经t检验,两鸡舍内氨气平均浓度差异显著(P<0.05),并且试验组比对照组饲料报酬提高了8.92%。     

那西肽在畜牧生产中应用的研究进展

那西肽能明显改善畜禽生长性能,是一种低毒性、低残留的安全环保型饲料添加剂。随着世界各国纷纷对饲用抗生素的限制,使那西肽倍受畜禽养殖业关注。文章主要阐述那西肽在畜牧生产上的安全性研究,以及在畜牧生产应用中取得的一些良好效果。     

饲料锌水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、组织积累和抗氧化功能的影响

以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源,七水硫酸锌为锌源,在基础饲料中分别添加锌0,50,100,150,200,400mg/kg,制成6种含有不同锌水平的精制饲料(19.95,71.06,118.50,174.00,226.10和411.20mg/kg),投喂初始体重为(62.89±0.51)g的星斑川鲽幼鱼66d,研究饲料锌水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体成分、组织锌积累及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,随着饲料锌水平的增加,星斑川鲽的增重率(WGR)显著升高(P<0.05),在174.00mg/kg锌饲料组达最大值,而锌水平高于174.00mg/kg时,其增重率和特定生长率(SGR)变化不显著(P>0.05),SGR和WGR的变化趋势相同,且SGR的最大值及饲料系数(FCR)的最小值均出现在174.00mg/kg锌饲料组;全鱼营养成分各处理组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),锌添加量为0mg/kg饲料组的肌肉脂肪含量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);411.20mg/kg锌饲料组的全鱼、脊椎骨和肌肉中锌积累量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),当饲料锌水平为118.50～411.20mg/kg时,全鱼、脊椎骨和血清中锌积累量显著高于...     

超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱法测定水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的方法改进

以GB/T 20752-2006中的实验方法为基础,对超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLCMS/MS)检测水产品中呋喃它酮(AMOZ)、呋喃西林(SEM)、呋喃妥因(AHD)和呋喃唑酮(AOZ)4种硝基呋喃代谢物的样品前处理方法进行了改进。试样用0. 2 mol/L盐酸溶液溶解后,经2-硝基苯甲醛衍生化,加入0. 1 mol/L磷酸氢二钾,混匀后用1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH约为7. 4。经乙酸乙酯直接振荡离心提取上清液,氮气吹干经超高效液相色谱串联质谱,采用正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,同位素内标法定量。结果表明,四种代谢物回收率控制在90%～120%之间,RSD10%。实际样品分析结果显示,新的样品前处理方法简单、分析时间短、结果可靠,适合水产品中硝基呋喃代谢物残留的测定。