Contribution of Medicago sativa to the productivity and nutritive value of forage in semi‐arid grassland pastures

The inclusion of legumes in semi‐arid native grasslands may promote the productivity and nutritive value of forage. This study was designed to assess the effect of legumes (the introduced legume Medicago sativa or the native legume Dalea purpurea) and soil P fertility (addition of 0, 50, or 200 P₂O₅ kg/ha at seeding) on the dry matter and nutrient content of native grasses mixtures, compared with the commonly used introduced forage grass Bromus biebersteinii grown with M. sativa. Plant harvests were performed in September 2008, July 2009 and September 2009. Plants nutrient content, δ¹⁵N value and dry matter were analysed. Results show that the M. sativa enhanced the N and P concentrations of native grass mixtures early in the summer, as well as the N concentration in Bouteloua gracilis in late summer of the driest year, 2009. The higher AM fungal diversity promoted by M. sativa was positively correlated with the dry matter and nitrogen uptake of M. sativa and with the P concentration of native grasses, in early summer. Overall, this study shows that M. sativa promoted beneficial AM fungal taxa and improved forage production in the semi‐arid prairies.     

32个甜菜品种指纹图谱构建与遗传多样性分析

为了对国外引进的甜菜品种进行鉴别以及分析不同甜菜品种之间的亲缘关系,利用SSR标记构建了32份引进甜菜品种的指纹图谱并进行了遗传多样性分析。从101对SSR引物中筛选出了21对谱带清晰、易于识别的引物,这21对引物共检测出127个等位位点,其中多态性位点为107个,多态性比率为83.6%,每对SSR引物扩增出的等位位点数为2~11个,平均每对引物扩增出6.1个基因型,扩增的条带大小在90~500 bp之间。利用3对引物SB04,S6和S7的引物组合构建的指纹图谱就能够区分32个品种。聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.17处,所有的供试品种被分为3类,从分子水平上说明甜菜品种之间的遗传基础比较狭窄。聚类分析结果与甜菜品种的来源具有很好的一致性,基本上是同一公司或者同一国别的品种被聚在了一起。     

川西茶区引进的十二个茶树良种抗性比较研究

以福鼎大白茶为对照,对从浙江、福建等地引进四川川西茶区的乌牛早、平阳特早、龙井长叶、元宵茶等12个绿茶良种的叶片解剖结构、SOD酶活性、CAT酶活性和新梢电导率进行了比较和抗性间接鉴定,同时采用田间观测方法对各品种抗性进行田间自然鉴定。结果表明:乌牛早、平阳特早等8个品种的抗性强于对照品种福鼎大白茶或与对照品种相当,迎霜等4个品种抗性弱于对照品种福鼎大白茶。     

基于转录组数据的溪红点鲑微卫星标记筛选及引进群体遗传结构

为了深入了解引进溪红点鲑种质遗传结构状况,本研究利用溪红点鲑转录组数据设计四核苷酸重复微卫星引物1 081对,选择其中200对进行引物合成,经过筛选鉴定共获得111个特异性好且扩增效率高的微卫星标记,用其中27个多态性标记比较分析了溪红点鲑引进群体和养殖群体的遗传多样性。结果显示,27个微卫星位点在2个群体中共检测到171个等位基因,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.426 0～0.877 4,平均为0.673 1,其中23个位点高度多态(PIC≥0.5)。引进群体和养殖群体的平均等位基因数(Na)分别为5.555 6和4.444 4;平均有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为3.914 5和3.108 2;平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.356 2和0.265 0;平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.700 2和0.621 0;平均PIC分别为0.640 9和0.555 5。引进群体和养殖群体的遗传参数t检验结果显示,养殖群体的5项遗传多样性参数均显著或极显著低于引进群体,表明尽管溪红点鲑养殖群体的PIC仍处于高度多态水平(PIC≥0.5),但是经过多代群体自繁,已经出现等位基因严重富集的现象。经Bonferroni校正的Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验显示,在引进群体和养殖群体中分别有8个和4个位点尚未偏离平衡,且多数位点表现为杂合子缺失。2个群体间具有高度遗传分化(Fst=0.164 2),遗传相似系数为0.582 2,遗传距离为0.540 9,表明引进和养殖溪红点鲑群体间存在显著遗传分化。     

过路黄组植物研究进展及园林应用展望

对优良野生地被植物过路黄(Lysimachia christinae)组的分类、繁殖方法、抗性、引种栽培等方面的研究近况进行了总结和综述。为使将该组植物更好地应用于园林设计中,提出了今后还要在引种驯化、栽培技术体系、对环境的适应性、应用形式以及景观效果与生态功能等方面进行研究。     

Additions to the barnacle (Crustacea: Cirripedia) fauna of South Africa

The purpose of this paper is to document recent additions to the South African barnacle (Cirripedia) fauna. New species records were obtained by examining accumulated collections of unidentified material in the Iziko South African Museum, as well as via material collected directly by the authors. Fourteen species, none of which are new to science, are added to the known fauna, raising the total number of barnacle species recorded from South Africa by over 20%, from 69 to 83 species. Ten of the additional species are offshore benthic forms and represent deep-water taxa whose ranges are extended into South African waters. The remaining four are coastal inshore or surface-dwelling species, of which three are considered recent anthropogenic introductions. The large number of additions to the fauna can be attributed to a long absence of taxonomic expertise on this group in the region and consequent accumulation of unidentified samples. A high proportion of the deep-water samples examined contained previously unreported species, suggesting that additional sampling of hard abyssal substrata in the region is certain to yield yet more new cirripede records.     

国外栽培牧草品种资源的引种研究

总结了１９８３年至１９９０年“中澳合作项目———云南省牲畜和草场改良项目”期间从国外引进的优良牧草１２５个种共计６８１个栽培品种分别在云南七个不同气候带条件下的引种试验。试验通过１２个指标的观测,筛选出优良的牧草种２３个共计５０个栽培品种,并对筛选出的优良品种的定性及定量指标作详细介绍,以利于生产推广。     

Effects of stocked trout on native fish communities in boreal foothills lakes

Nasmith LE, Tonn WM, Paszkowski CA, Scrimgeour GJ. Effects of stocked trout on native fish communities in boreal foothills lakes.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 279–289. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Ecological effects of stocking nonnative trout into lakes are receiving increased attention, especially in alpine environments. We assessed effects of stocked trout on native forage fishes in the boreal foothills of Alberta (Canada) by comparing fish density, population size structure and spatial and temporal activities in stocked and unstocked lakes over 3 years (2005–2007). The numerically dominant dace (primarily Phoxinus spp.) were larger in stocked lakes, consistent with size‐limited predation. Dace were also more crepuscular and concentrated on the lake‐bottom in stocked lakes, compared to more daytime activity in the water column in unstocked lakes. There were, however, no demonstrable effects of trout on the abundance of forage fish. The lack of major population‐level impacts of stocked trout suggests that current stocking practices, characteristics of boreal foothill lakes (e.g. thermal structure, abundant invertebrates, dense macrophytes) and/or behavioural adjustments of forage fish contribute to healthy native fish populations in our stocked lakes.     

产后无发情和亚发情母牦牛激素诱导发情试验

选择怀孕母牦牛84头,在生产前后1个月进行补饲,其中40头在产后当年发情季节进行激素诱导发情试验,44头作对照;另选择60头自然生产的产后母牦牛在发情季节进行单纯的激素诱导发情试验,60头作对照.激素诱导发情方法是0 d注射氯前列烯醇0.2 mg,7 d后注射促黄体素释放激素A3 25 μg,连续3 d;在0和7 d进行直肠检查和血样采取,血样进行孕酮测定;测定处理时母牦牛卵巢状态,观察母牦牛发情配种受孕情况.结果显示,通过直肠检查和血浆孕酮测定,发现无发情状态的产后母牦牛占产后牦牛的63.33%和65%,亚发情的产后母牦牛占产后牦牛的36.67%和35%.采用氯前列烯醇和促性腺激素释放激素处理方案进行诱导发情,26.67%的产后母牦牛在处理后出现了发情;对怀孕母牦牛在围产期进行补饲,产后母牦牛在发情季节采用氯前列烯醇和促性腺激素释放激素诱导发情,有45.45%的产后母牦牛恢复了发情,而只补饲不进行激素诱导发情的母牦牛只有20%的母牦牛出现了发情;通过孕酮测定发现2组中激素诱导发情成功的母牦牛中,有68.18%和72%是处于亚发情状态的母牦牛.结果表明,氯前列烯醇和促性腺激素释放激素进行诱导发情的处理方案适合于产后亚发情状态的母牦牛.     

啤酒花筛选原理与实验研究

阐述了用振动筛分选啤酒花的基本原理,对筛上物运动学特性进行了分析,结合实验结果确定了提高啤酒花分选质量的相关参数,研究结果为啤酒花摘花机的设计提供了参考,在啤酒花的机械采收中有实用价值