Creep feed intake during lactation enhances net absorption in the small intestine after weaning

The aim of the study was to measure the effect of creep feeding during lactation on net absorption in the small intestine at 4 days after weaning. Intermittent suckling was used to increase creep feed intake during lactation. Creep feed containing chromic oxide was provided. Based on the colour of the faeces, piglets were classified as ‘eaters’ or ‘non-eaters’, respectively. At day 4 after weaning, an in vivo small intestine segment perfusion test was performed at 5 sites along the small intestine in 24 piglets (12 eaters and 12 non-eaters). At both sides of each intestinal segment a tube was fitted to perfuse and drain fluid in order to assess net absorption. Net absorption was higher in eaters than in non-eaters (P < 0.001). Net absorption varied greatly between and within piglets and was highest in the caudal segments of the small intestine (P < 0.001). These data suggest that creep feeding could be a useful tool in the prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea.     

中华鳖肠道黏膜上皮细胞的超微结构

应用透射电镜技术，对15只正常中华鳖小肠和大肠黏膜上皮细胞的超微结构进行了研究。结果表明，中华鳖小肠黏膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，以高柱状吸收细胞为主，具有发达的微绒毛、线粒体、粗面内质网和膜包小囊泡，其结构的发达程度已接近高等哺乳动物和鸟类。吸收细胞之间可见少量低电子密度的亮细胞，其种类需进一步确定。杯状细胞明显可见，胞质内含大量黏液性颗粒，细胞游离面形成明显的微绒毛。内分泌细胞很少。大肠黏膜上皮细胞排列松散，全部由上下粗细不均的柱状细胞组成。大肠上皮内未见专门的杯状细胞，但上皮细胞顶部胞质内含大量黏液颗粒，细胞器分布于黏液颗粒团之下的胞质中。细胞间隙宽大明显，有利于黏膜免疫细胞出入上皮。小肠和大肠均未见腺体分布。     

几种黏膜免疫佐剂对鸡小肠IgA分泌细胞的影响

分别在新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒苗中添加黏膜免疫佐剂乳酸杆菌、CpG DNA、重组IL-2、氟化钠和大豆黄酮，经口免疫鸡后，研究十二指肠、空肠、Peyer’s斑单位面积IgA分泌细胞的变化。首先提纯鸡IgA和制备兔抗鸡IgA血清，然后应用免疫组化技术显示鸡小肠IgA分泌细胞。结果表明，在免疫后第3周、第5周乳酸杆菌组比新城疫组（ND）极显著增加各段小肠IgA分泌细胞的数量（P〈0．01）；CpGDNA、重组IL-2和大豆黄酮在整个免疫期内均明显增加鸡小肠黏膜局部IgA分泌细胞数量；NaF对鸡体黏膜局部IgA分泌细胞数量无明显增加。结果表明乳酸杆菌、CpGDNA、重组IL-2和大豆黄酮是有效的口服黏膜免疫佐剂。     

肉鸡肠道PepT1 mRNA表达的肠段差异性与发育性变化

选用遗传背景相同的1日龄父母代雄性Arbor Acre(AA)鸡和父母代雄性岭南黄肉雏鸡各120羽,采用相对定量RT-PCR方法,以30 d时岭南黄鸡肠道样品为模板,研究肉鸡肠道寡肽转运载体1(Peptide transporter 1,PepT1)mRNA表达的肠段差异性;以AA肉鸡和岭南黄鸡十二指肠和空肠样品为模板,研究不同品种肉鸡肠道PepT1 mRNA表达的发育性变化。结果显示:(1)岭南黄肉鸡肠道PepT1 mRNA的表达丰度从十二指肠、空肠、回肠到结直肠依次降低,其中十二指肠显著高于结直肠(P<0.05);(2)AA鸡和岭南黄肉鸡PepT1 mRNA在十二指肠及空肠中的表达具有相同的发育模式,16 d表达丰度最高,16~44 d逐渐下降,58 d略微回升;不同基因型之间PepT1 mRNA丰度比较,AA鸡和岭南黄肉鸡两品种间PepT1 mRNA的表达没有显著差异(P>0.05)。以上结果说明:(1)随着肠道空间位置的后移,岭南黄肉鸡肠道PepT1 mRNA的表达丰度逐渐降低,其中十二指肠的表达丰度显著高于结直肠(P<0.05);(2)不同品种肉鸡十二指肠及空肠PepT1 mRNA的表达具有相同的发育模式,且同日龄两品种间的表达丰度未见明显差异,表明PepT1 mRNA表达受到发育阶段的调控,但品种间具有稳定性。     

不同处理玉米的有机物质瘤胃降解率及小肠消化率的研究

用３头带瘤胃瘘管的杂种肉牛测定玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米有机物质（ＯＭ）和非蛋白质有机物质（ＮＰＯＭ）的瘤胃动态降解率，ＯＭ分别为５３．０３％，４３．９１％，５３．５７％，３５．７３％和３８．８５％，ＮＰＯＭ分别为５３．６７％，４８．０６％，５５．７２％，３９．２４％和４４．４８％。用酶解法（牛小肠液冻干粉（ＢＩＦ））测得玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米１２小时瘤胃非降解ＯＭ的消化率分别为７４．３９％，７６．２６％，７５．５４％，７７．８８％和７７．４３％，ＮＰＯＭ分别为６３．９２％，６４．７８％，６４．４３％，６７．７８％和６５．００％。     

Purification and properties of β-galactosidase from Tilapia intestine: Digestive enzyme of Tilapia-X

ABSTRACT:   β-galactosidase of the intestine of Tilapia nilotica was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by PAPTG-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, ethylenediamineetetraacetic acid ion-exchange chromatography, polyexchanger PBE 94 chromatofocusing, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. β-galactosidase was found to be a single band when examined by poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purifications of β-galactosidase were 27-fold from the crude extract. β-galactosidase showed optimum activity at pH 5.0 at 40°C, and was specifically found to be able to hydrolyze p -nitrophenyl β-galactopyranoside. It degrades galactan and agarose, and produces galactose. β-galactosidase was strongly inhibited by Hg²⁺ and PCMB. β-galactosidase is considered to be secreted by the upper and middle parts of the intestine and most of the activity was detected in the intestinal juice.     

外源精胺对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜成纤维细胞因子-2蛋白质表达量及小肠发育的影响

本试验旨在研究外源精胺对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜成纤维细胞因子-2( FGF2)蛋白质表达量及小肠发育的影响。将9窝胎次和初生体重相近的7日龄“杜×长×大”哺乳仔猪随机分配到0、12和15 mg/kg外源精胺组,每组3窝。仔猪从7日龄起补饲相应的饲粮,21日龄断奶后继续补饲断奶前饲粮至28日龄结束。从每窝选2头接近平均体重的仔猪屠宰,采集小肠及黏膜样品,测定FGF2蛋白质表达量和小肠的发育状况。结果表明：1)12 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量分别高于0和15 mg/kg外源精胺组,但3个外源精胺组仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)12和15 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪小肠绒毛高度和宽度分别极显著大于0 mg/kg外源精胺组( P<0.01),而12 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪十二指肠和空肠黏膜绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值( V/C )分别极显著高于0 mg/kg外源精胺组( P<0.01)。3)28日龄仔猪小肠黏膜蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性随外源精胺添加量的增加而升高。由此可见,给7~28日龄仔猪连续补饲外源精胺能提高28日龄仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量、V/C和二糖酶活性。     

肠道菌群对仔鸡肠道发育、黏膜形态和免疫器官发育的影响

本试验旨在以"无菌鸡"为模型,研究添加鸡源性乳酸菌和盲肠内容物后,对仔鸡肠道发育、黏膜形态及免疫器官发育的影响。试验选用无特定病原体(SPF)种蛋80枚,经无菌孵化后,选择健康仔鸡60羽,分3组(每组20羽),转入3台无菌隔离器内饲养,并分别饲喂:无菌饲粮(CT组)、无菌饲粮+乳酸菌液(LB组)、无菌饲粮+鸡盲肠内容物(CC组);饲养21 d后试验结束,于试验7、14、21日齡从各组取6只进行屠宰,测定鸡肠道各段长度和免疫器官重量,并对肠道黏膜形态显微观察。结果显示:饲喂乳酸菌或盲肠内容物的仔鸡各阶段中的空肠长度均高于CT组,盲肠长度和体积均低于CT组的无菌鸡;仔鸡的脾脏指数高于CT组(P=0.010);饲喂乳酸菌或盲肠内容物后仔鸡的十二指肠、空肠和回肠隐窝深度降低、绒毛高度/隐窝深度增大。本试验说明,饲喂肠道菌群能促进仔鸡肠道发育,盲肠体积变小;同时促进脾脏的发育,提高机体免疫力。     

Adenosine protects Sprague Dawley rats from high‐fat diet and repeated acute restraint stress‐induced intestinal inflammation and altered expression of nutrient transporters

This study investigated the effect of repeated acute restraint stress and high‐fat diet (HFD) on intestinal expression of nutrient transporters, concomitant to intestinal inflammation. The ability of adenosine to reverse any change was examined. Six‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: control or non‐stressed (C), rats exposed to restraint stress for 6 h per day for 14 days (S), control rats fed with HFD (CHF) and restraint‐stressed rats fed with HFD (SHF); four additional groups received the same treatments and were also given 50 mg/l adenosine dissolved in drinking water. Fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, adiponectin and corticosterone were measured. Intestinal expression of SLC5A1, SLC2A2, NPC1L1 and TNF‐α was analysed. Histological evaluation was conducted to observe for morphological and anatomical changes in the intestinal tissues. Results showed that HFD feeding increased glucose and insulin levels, and repeated acute restraint stress raised the corticosterone level by 22%. Exposure to both stress and HFD caused a further increase in corticosterone to 41%, while decreasing plasma adiponectin level. Restraint stress altered intestinal expression of SLC5A1, SLC2A2 and NPC1L1. These changes were enhanced in SHF rats. Adenosine was found to alleviate HFD‐induced increase in glucose and insulin levels, suppress elevation of corticosterone in S rats and improve the altered nutrient transporters expression profiles. It also prevented upregulation of TNF‐α in the intestine of SHF rats. In summary, a combination of stress and HFD exaggerated stress‐ and HFD‐induced pathophysiological changes in the intestine, and biochemical parameters related to obesity. Adenosine attenuated the elevation of corticosterone and altered expression of SLC5A1, NPC1L1 and TNF‐α.     

荨麻皮刺水提液对小鼠离体肠平滑肌运动的影响

【目的】研究荨麻促进消化道平滑肌运动的植株主要部位,分析其可能的受体机制。【方法】用生物信号处理系统监测麻叶荨麻皮刺与内茎(不含皮刺)水提液对小鼠离体小肠平滑肌的影响。【结果】2倍浓度递增(0.1%~3.2%)的皮刺剂量依赖性增加小肠收缩幅度、收缩张力和收缩峰值(P<0.05),但对收缩频率无影响(P>0.05);而内茎浓度达0.4%后使小肠收缩频率减慢(P<0.05)。0.8%皮刺一次性用药后小肠收缩幅度、收缩张力、收缩峰值均显著升高(P<0.05),而同剂量内茎对小肠收缩无影响(P>0.05)。M-受体阻断剂ATr与0.8%皮刺联合用药可使收缩幅度显著减弱(P<0.05)。【结论】荨麻植株的皮刺对消化道平滑肌具有促进作用,且可能部分作用是通过激活M-受体而实现。