马冈鹅肠胚后发育的组织学观察

将72只5~110d马冈鹅(各半)按不同日龄随机分为9组,先后取十二指肠、空肠、回肠和直肠,应用常规组织学技术和Tiger细胞图像分析系统进行观测。结果表明:各部肠管管壁分粘膜、肌层和浆膜三层,无粘膜下层;绒毛既有分支,也有融合现象;肠腺主要是单管状腺,但也有分支管状腺;粘膜上皮中柱状细胞从前向后逐渐减少,而杯状细胞则相应逐渐增多;肠腺中的柱状细胞则由前向后逐渐增多,杯状细胞相应减少;肌层分内纵、中环、外纵三层,内、外两肌层厚度近似,中环肌最厚,内有明显的结缔组织间隔带分布,小肠段呈有规律的"竹节"状;粘膜皱襞不发达,少数皱襞由粘膜、内纵和中环肌层共同构成;肠壁内淋巴组织丰富,在肌层之间及肌层内均可见淋巴小结,肌层内也有神经丛和神经纤维束的断面;绒毛高度发育的绝对生长高峰期在26d以前,但绒毛直径的发育无明显的阶段性。     

外源性谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸对早期断奶仔猪肠粘膜形态、结构和小肠吸收功能及骨骼肌中DNA、RNA浓度的影响

74头28日龄健康二元杂交断奶仔猪分成3组，用于研究外源性谷氨酰胺（glutamine,Gln)和谷氨酰（glutamate, Glu)对断奶仔猪小肠粘膜形态，结构和功能及骨骼肌中DNA，RNA合成的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比，添加1%谷氨酰胺或1%谷氨酸可防止断奶后1周内空肠绒毛萎缩，减少断奶后2周内空肠固有膜内未成熟细胞数；显著改善断奶后1周内小肠吸收功能，并促进肌肉中RNA合成。这些结果为利用Gln、Glu缓解仔猪断奶应激，改善生产性能提供了实验基础。     

Effects of the Administration of Lactobacilli,Maltodextrins and Fructooligosaccharides upon the Adhesion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis> O8:K88 to the Intestinal Mucosa and Organic Acid Levels in the Gut Contents of Piglets

The influence of the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX fructooligosaccharides on the inhibition of adhesion of E. coli O8:K88 to the mucosa of the jejunum, ileum and colon as well as on the organic acid levels was investigated in 33 conventional piglets. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the jejunal mucosa were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX groups. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the colonic mucosa of Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 animals. The acetic acid levels in the ileum and colon of the Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX group and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 group. The combination of Lact. plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX proved to be the most effective one to inhibit the counts of E. coli O8:K88 adhering to the intestinal mucosa of the jejunum and colon of conventional piglets.     

家禽肠道健康营养调控技术研究进展

本文就目前通过营养调控方式改善家禽肠道健康的措施作一综述。     

丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对鸭肠道发育的影响

为研究饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对育雏育成期高邮鸭肠道发育以及肠道组织形态、杯状细胞密度等的影响,选择1日龄体重相近的健康高邮鸭90只,随机分3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础全价日粮,丁酸梭菌组添加丁酸梭菌活菌3×10⁵ CFU·g^-1,枯草芽孢杆菌组添加枯草芽孢杆菌活菌5×108 CFU·g-1,试验期60 d。结果表明,高邮鸭日粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌显著提高60日龄高邮鸭十二指肠、空肠和回肠重量(P <0.05),显著增加空肠长度(P <0.05)。丁酸梭菌添加组显著降低空肠和回肠的隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著增加回肠的黏膜厚度、肌层厚度和绒毛高度(P <0.05)。丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌添加后提高高邮鸭十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠杯状细胞密度(P <0.05);与对照组相比,丁酸梭菌添加组中十二指肠,空肠组织黏糖蛋白2编码基因MUC2m RNA表达量显著提高(P <0.05)。综上所述,高邮鸭自1日龄起日粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌后,改善其肠道显微结构,在全价日粮...     

1日龄大通牦牛小肠肥大细胞的形态学研究

[目的]通过对比研究1日龄牦牛和黄牛小肠肥大细胞的数量及分布特点,为初生牦牛小肠黏膜免疫状态的研究提供参考资料。[方法]利用常规组织学技术及改良甲苯胺蓝色染法,对1日龄牦牛和黄牛小肠内肥大细胞的分布及数量特点进行比较。[结果]1日龄牦牛小肠各段的肥大细胞数量从十二指肠向后呈显著增多趋势（P〈0.05）,回肠中肥大细胞数量最多。1日龄黄牛小肠各段的肥大细胞数量有显著差异（P〈0.05）,其中空肠中的肥大细胞数量最多,而十二指肠的肥大细胞数量最少。2种动物相同小肠肠段的肥大细胞数量差异显著（P〈0.05）,1日龄牦牛十二指肠和空肠中的肥大细胞数量显著少于1日龄黄牛,但其回肠中肥大细胞数量显著多于黄牛。[结论]1日龄牦牛和黄牛小肠肥大细胞的数量及分布具有不同的特点。     

猪增生性肠炎黏膜免疫相关细胞数量研究

为了揭示猪增生性肠炎黏膜免疫相关细胞数量的变化情况.采用组织学方法,比较PCR检验阳性猪(获得胞内劳森氏菌特异性扩增产物)与阴性猪(无胞内劳森氏菌特异性扩增产物)的十二指肠、空肠、回肠黏膜淋巴细胞、杯状细胞、肥大细胞的数量和分布变化.结果表明,阳性猪十二指肠、空肠黏膜上皮内每100个柱状细胞间淋巴细胞的数量同比阴性猪稍...     

Influence of enteric helminths on the distribution of intestinal endocrine cells belonging to the diffuse endocrine system in brown trout,Salmo trutta L

The presence of intestinal helminths in the alimentary canal of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., can alter the number of cells that synthesize modulatory peptides. A total of 167 brown trout were collected from tributaries of the River Brenta (northern Italy), of which 119 (71.3%) specimens were infected with enteric helminths, 28 with the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis Müller, 1776 with intensity of infection ranging from 1 to 162 (18.57 +/- 30.79) worms per host and 67 fish with the cestode Cyathocephalus truncatus Pallas, 1781. Intensity of infection with C. truncatus ranged from 1 to 85 (6.87 +/- 12.59) per fish. In 24 fish there were concurrent infections of both species of helminths. The caecal and middle regions of the intestine were the most heavily parasitized. Immunohistochemical tests showed a decrease in endocrine cells (ECs) of the diffuse endocrine system (DES) positive to gastrin, cholecystokinin-8, bombesin and secretin antisera in the intestine of the infected trout. The number of ECs immunoreactive to anti-glucagon serum did not show differences in the digestive tract of uninfected brown trout and in conspecifics parasitized with P. laevis. The density of cells containing glucagon-like material was low in the fish parasitized with C. truncatus. The results suggest that endoparasitic helminths induce alterations in the DES of infected S. trutta.     

三种锰源对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响

为研究硫酸锰(MnSO_4·H_2O)、甘氨酸锰[MnC4H8O4N2]和羟基蛋氨酸锰(MnC5H11NO6S2)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatu♂)生长性能、抗氧化能力、血清生化指标以及肠道形态的影响。实验选取体重为(11.00±0.12)g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼270尾,随机分为3组(每组3个重复,每个重复30尾),分别添加MnSO_4·H_2O、MnC4H8O4N2和MnC5H11NO6S2(分别记作MnSO_4、Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA),使饲料中Mn元素水平分别为37.74 mg/kg、40.66 mg/kg和38.15 mg/kg,投喂等氮等脂的试验饲料,饲养8周。结果表明, Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组的增重率(WGR)均显著高于MnSO_4组(P0.05), Mn-MHA组饲料系数(FCR)显著低于MnSO_4组(P0.05),存活率(SR)和特定生长率(SGR)方面,各组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量方面, Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组均显著低于MnSO_4组(P0.05),Mn-MHA组锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)活力显著高于MnSO_4和Mn-Gly组(P0.05),Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活力均显著低于MnSO_4组(P0.05)。Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于MnSO_4组(P0.05),总胆固醇(CHOL)方面, MnSO_4组和Mn-Gly组均显著高于Mn-MHA组(P0.05)。与MnSO_4组相比,Mn-MHA组显著提高了前肠和中肠皱襞高度(P0.05),增大了后肠肌层厚度(P0.05);Mn-Gly组中肠皱襞宽显著高于MnSO_4组(P0.05),后肠皱襞高度显著高于MnSO_4和Mn-MHA组(P0.05)。由此可见,与MnSO_4相比, Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA能够显著提高珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼的生长性能,增强肝脏的抗氧化能力,调节相关代谢反应,保护肝脏,促进前、中、后肠的发育。