Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on growth performance and antioxidative function of small intestine in broilers

Dietary Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) could enhance immune function in broilers, which was attributed primarily to its saponin components. However, YSE also contains phenolic compounds which possess antioxidant ability. This study tested the effects of YSE on growth performance of broilers, its antioxidative enzyme activities and corresponding gene expressions in the small intestine. A total of 128 15‐day‐old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: corn‐soya bean meal as the basal control diet or the basal diet containing either 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg of YSE. Each treatment consisted of four replicate pens with eight broilers per pen. The experiment lasted 28 days which was divided into a grower period (day: 15–28) and a finisher period (day: 29–42). On day 28 and day 42 body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were recorded. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected to analyse superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and gene expressions of SOD, CAT, GPx. The results showed that during the grower period a diet including 100 mg/kg YSE improved CAT capacity in the ileum, tended to increase activities of GPx in the duodenum, and further showed enhancing tendencies in SOD and GPx abilities in ileum. Gene expressions of CAT, SOD and GPx in the ileum tended to upregulate at 100 mg/kg YSE level. In the finisher period and over the whole period, all YSE groups had a reduced FI compared to the control group without compromising BW; 100 and 200 mg/kg YSE significantly improved FCR. In conclusion, the improved growth performance of broilers during the finisher period may be due to enhanced antioxidative ability in the grower period with YSE supplementation. This study provided evidence of using YSE as an additive to enhance growth in broilers.     

家禽热应激肠道黏膜屏障损伤及营养性修复研究进展

家禽肠道既是消化和吸收营养物质的重要器官,又是保持机体内环境稳定的先天性屏障,正常肠道内的黏膜屏障对于维持家禽的健康至关重要。在热应激过程中,家禽的肠黏膜是热应激机体损伤的敏感部位,容易造成肠黏膜损伤,破坏其屏障功能,阻碍肠道正常代谢功能,降低家禽的生产性能。文章主要就热应激对肠道黏膜屏障的损伤及营养性修复作用进行综述,旨在为缓解家禽肠道黏膜损伤的营养性物质的开发与应用提供参考依据。     

动物多聚免疫球蛋白受体研究概况

多聚免疫球蛋白受体（polymeric immunoglobulin receptor,pIgR）是主要组织相容性复合物（MHC）家族中的重要成员,是分泌性免疫系统（SIS）的重要组成成分,在IgA/IgM的转运和黏膜免疫中发挥着重要的作用。作者结合近年来的研究综述了pIgR的分子结构、生物学功能和研究概况。     

敌草快和硫辛酸对育肥猪肠道结构及消化功能的影响

本文旨在研究敌草快和硫辛酸(LA)对育肥猪肠道结构及消化功能的影响,以探究LA对敌草快引起的应激是否有缓解作用。选取24头(70.64±3.61)kg的健康大白阉公猪,按照2×2因子设计,随机分为对照组、LA组、敌草快组和LA+敌草快组,每个组设6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期29 d。LA添加剂量为800 mg/kg饲粮,饲喂贯穿试验全程,而一次性腹腔滴注敌草快于试验第15天进行,无腹腔滴注敌草快试验猪滴注等量的生理盐水。于试验第29天对所有试验猪前腔静脉采血后屠宰取样,运用试剂盒检测血浆和肠道氧化损伤标志物的含量以及空肠食糜消化酶的活性,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色后运用图像分析软件观察肠道形态结构并测定绒毛高度、隐窝深度,并计算绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C),荧光定量PCR法检测闭合蛋白(occludin)和紧密结合蛋白(ZO-1)的相对表达量。结果表明:1)敌草快极显著升高了试验猪血浆和肠道丙二醛(MDA)、蛋白质羰基(PCO)和8-羟基鸟苷(8-OHd G)的含量(P0.01),极显著降低了十二指肠、空肠及回肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度(P0.01),极显著增大了十二指肠和空肠V/C(P0.01),显著增大了回肠V/C(P0.05),极显著降低了空肠occludin和ZO-1 m RNA相对表达量(P0.01),极显著降低了空肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶以及脂肪酶的活性(P0.01)。2)饲粮中添加LA对试验猪血浆和肠道MDA、PCO和8-OHd G含量的影响均不显著(P0.05),对十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及V/C的影响均不显著(P0.05),对空肠occludin和ZO-1 m RNA相对表达量的影响也不显著(P0.05),对空肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶以及脂肪酶活性的影响差异也均不显著(P0.05)。3)在应激状态下,饲粮中添加LA使猪血浆8-OHd G含量显著降低(P0.05),十二指肠绒毛高度、空肠绒毛高度以及回肠隐窝深度显著升高(P0.05),空肠V/C显著降低(P0.05),回肠V/C极显著降低(P0.01),空肠occludin和ZO-1 m RNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.05),空肠食糜淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性显著提升(P0.05)。由此可见,敌草快引起了育肥猪强烈的氧化应激,导致了肠道结构的严重损伤并减弱了肠道的消化功能;在敌草快引起的应激状态下,饲粮中添加800 mg/kg LA能够减缓肠道结构的损伤并能一定程度地提高肠道的消化功能。     

酿酒酵母发酵液对断奶仔猪生长性能、小肠发育及小肠黏膜免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探究酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)发酵液对断奶仔猪生长性能、小肠发育及小肠黏膜免疫功能的影响。选取平均体重为(6.57±0.13)kg的26日龄"长白×杜洛克"断奶仔猪60头(公母各占1/2),按体重和性别随机分为3个组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头仔猪。3个组分别为:对照组(基础饲粮+300 m L/kg空白培养液)、酿酒酵母发酵液组(基础饲粮+300 m L/kg酿酒酵母发酵液)和抗生素组(基础饲粮+20 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素+40 mg/kg杆菌肽锌)。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,酿酒酵母发酵液组和抗生素组的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),料重比极显著降低(P0.01);但酿酒酵母发酵液组与抗生素组的以上生长性能指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,酿酒酵母发酵液组和抗生素组的十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜总蛋白、DNA和RNA含量显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);但酿酒酵母发酵液组与抗生素组的以上指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,酿酒酵母发酵液组和抗生素组的十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度显著升高(P0.05),十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);但酿酒酵母发酵液组与抗生素组的以上指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,酿酒酵母发酵液组和抗生素组的十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量均显著或极显著升高(除空肠黏膜免疫球蛋白G外)(P0.05或P0.01);但酿酒酵母发酵液组和抗生素组的以上指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。结果显示,饲粮中添加酿酒酵母发酵液能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,促进小肠发育,提高小肠黏膜免疫功能,达到与抗生素相当的效果。提示酿酒酵母发酵液可有效缓解断奶应激,减少或者替代抗生素在断奶仔猪饲粮中的使用,这为研发无抗饲粮提供了有力的理论依据和数据支持。     

Effects of the Administration of Lactobacilli,Maltodextrins and Fructooligosaccharides upon the Adhesion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis> O8:K88 to the Intestinal Mucosa and Organic Acid Levels in the Gut Contents of Piglets

The influence of the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX fructooligosaccharides on the inhibition of adhesion of E. coli O8:K88 to the mucosa of the jejunum, ileum and colon as well as on the organic acid levels was investigated in 33 conventional piglets. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the jejunal mucosa were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX groups. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the colonic mucosa of Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 animals. The acetic acid levels in the ileum and colon of the Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX group and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 group. The combination of Lact. plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX proved to be the most effective one to inhibit the counts of E. coli O8:K88 adhering to the intestinal mucosa of the jejunum and colon of conventional piglets.     

利用家蚕表达合成人表皮生长因子(EGF)及产物对胃粘膜损伤的修复作用

基于家蚕杆状病毒密码子的偏爱性,对人表皮生长因子基因(hEGF)的部分密码子进行修改后合成一个新的基因,命名为CSEGF。所合成的CSEGF能编码同hEGF完全一致的氨基酸序列,并被重组进家蚕杆状病毒获得重组Bm-BacCSEGF。重组病毒感染家蚕后,该基因在家蚕中的表达量达28.4μg/mL幼虫血淋巴及33.07μg/mL蛹血淋巴。将表达CSEGF的蚕蛹经冻干直接制成EGF冻干粉胶囊,经测定冻干粉中EGF的质量比达140μg/g。动物模型试验显示该冻干粉对酸诱导的急性胃粘膜损伤的SD大鼠有显著的修复作用,对大鼠裸鼠的肾细胞生长也有明显的促进作用。     

不同粗精比日粮对绵羊小肠中瘤胃微生物蛋白质利用的影响

用4只装有瘤胃瘘管、十二肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的去势(公母各半)萨福克羊体重平均为(45.5±5.2)kg,在不同粗精比日粮条件下 ,研究瘤胃细菌、纤毛虫体蛋白质在小肠内的利用率。结果表明 :到达十二指肠的瘤胃细菌和纤毛虫的量 ,随日粮中精饲料水平的提高而显著减少(P<0.05)。与此相反 ,过瘤胃饲料蛋白质的量则显著增加(P<0.05)。小肠内的细菌利用率显著受日粮变化的影响 ,而纤毛虫利用率则不易受日粮影响且显著地高于细菌的利用率(P<0.05)。小肠内被吸收的细菌和纤毛虫对微生物氮的贡献率在全试验组中平均为50 %。