粪便移植技术的应用研究

本文综述了粪便移植技术的的概念、由来、研究与进展、作用机理,展望了该技术在兽医上的应用前景,指出其在治疗动物营养代谢疾病、改善机体免疫力低下、增强屏障保护功能、调整机体能量平衡、治疗肥胖和II型糖尿病等方面的应用价值,旨在推广粪便移植疗法在兽医临床上应用。     

An abattoir survey of pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughter weight swine from 9 selected herds. IV. Bacteriological findings in chronic pneumonic lesions.

A total of 855 pig lungs were collected at slaughter and evaluated macroscopically. Bacteriological examinations were carried out on tissue samples from chronic pleuropneumonic lesions (n = 196) and from chronic bronchopneumonic lesions with suppuration (n = 14). Samples from normal lung tissue (n = 22) were also included. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 54%, Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae from 11%, and Streptococcus spp. from 14% of the pneumonic lesions, respectively. From normal lung tissue P. multocida was isolated from 3 (14%) of the samples, A. pleuropneumoniae was not recovered and streptococci were isolated from only 1 (5%) of these samples. The above mentioned bacterial species were recovered either in pure cultures or mixed with various other microbes. A total of 109 P. multocida strains were further characterized by capsular serotyping and testing for production of dermonecrotic toxin. Ninety-nine (91%) of the strains were capsular type A 10 (9%) were type D. Out of the type A and the type D strains 94% and 90% were toxigenic, respectively. Most of the A. pleuropneumoniae strains were serotype 2. Strains of serotypes 1 and 7 were also identified. The majority of the streptococci were identified as either Streptococcus suis or Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Actinomyces pyogenes was isolated from 14% of the lesions and anaerobic bacteria from 18%, respectively. The significance of the various bacterial species in relation to the development of chronic pneumonic lesions is discussed. Special attention is paid to P. multocida, and it is concluded that this bacterial species is probably of importance for the development of both types of chronic pneumonias.     

Idiopathic perforating ulceration of the small intestine in five adult horses

Perforating ulceration of the small intestine was diagnosed in 5 adult horses. Affected horses presented with signs of low‐grade colic, depression and inappetance. Abdominal paracentesis yielded abnormal peritoneal fluid in all cases. Perforating ulcers were located at the mesenteric border in 4 horses and the ileum in one horse. All horses had diffuse septic peritonitis. The aetiology of the condition is unknown.     

救必应水提取物对产ESBLs细菌的抑菌机理研究

为了探讨救必应水提取物的抑菌作用及抑菌机理,采用2倍微量稀释法和琼脂平板稀释培养计数法,测定救必应水提取物对产ESBLs(extended spectrum β-lactamases)细菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC),通过对细菌生长曲线、细菌超微结构、细胞壁和细胞膜通透性变化试验、核酸合成抑制试验研究救必应水提取物的抑菌机理。结果表明,与不添加提取物的对照组相比,救必应水提取物能够影响细菌的生长规律,使细菌破损严重,细胞壁和细胞膜通透性增加,细胞质外渗,菌液中AKP含量、可溶性蛋白含量增多、大肠杆菌DNA荧光强度明显减弱。研究表明,救必应水提取物的抑菌机理是通过细菌细胞壁和细胞膜通透性的变化,抑制细菌核酸的合成实现的。     

Factors Influencing the Bioavailability of Peroral Formulations of Drugs for Dogs

The oral route is presently the preferred route of drug delivery. Poor oral bioavailability results in variable concentrations of drugs in the plasma and variable pharmacological responses, in addition to higher product costs. The unique canine physiology, anatomy and biochemistry makes designing canine dosage forms a challenging exercise. This article reviews the physicochemical, physiological, pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and formulation factors that can influence the drug availability of the oral formulations in dogs in an effort to provide a source of data to aid development of canine drug products with superior bioavailability.     

一种治疗奶牛阴道炎症微生态制剂的临床药效学研究

为检验约氏乳杆菌SQ0048菌株所制备的微生态制剂对临床型奶牛阴道炎症的治疗作用,将其应用于患有阴道炎的病牛体内,利用临床兽医学方法观察给药前后患牛的临床症状,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳法检测给药前后患牛阴道内的微生物菌群种属,使用酶联免疫吸附技术检测给药前后患牛血清内细胞因子分泌量。结果显示,此微生态制剂不仅可以缓解临床奶牛阴道炎性症状,提高发情率及受胎率,还可以减少或杀灭阴道内的利氏卟啉单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、化脓隐秘杆菌及链球菌等,增加约氏乳杆菌SQ0048菌株及谷氨酸棒状杆菌的数量,改善阴道微生态环境,维持阴道的微生态平衡;同时给药后患牛血清中IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-α、TNF-α分泌量显著低于给药前,而IL-10分泌量则显著高于给药前,具有一定抑制炎症的生物学功能。     

乳酸菌代谢研究进展

乳酸菌代谢研究已进入一个新的时代,本文主要阐述目前乳酸菌在糖代谢、柠檬酸代谢及蛋白质代谢等方面的研究,以及基于下一代测序技术的基因组学、比较基因组学和宏基因组学等技术手段在乳酸菌代谢研究中的应用,旨在为现代乳酸菌代谢研究提供理论支持。     

Bacteriological quality of raw materials used in Finnish mink feed.

Mink feed raw materials were analyzed for total bacterial count, the number of faecal streptococci, the coliform count, the number of haemolytic bacteria and the number of sulphite reducing bacteria. The investigation comprised samples from the following raw materials: four slaughter-house offal products, preserved and unpreserved slaughter blood, Baltic herring, cod filletting offal, fish silage, blood meal, fish meal, meat-bone meal, protein concentrate, brewer’s yeast and cereal feed.The slaughter-house offals and unpreserved slaughter blood had the poorest quality, in terms of all the bacterial types for which the samples were analyzed. There were statistically significant differences in bacterial contents between slaughter-house offals from different sources. The preserved slaughter blood had significantly lower bacterial contents as compared to the unpreserved slaughter blood. Single samples of the cod filletting offal, Baltic herring and the blood meal had relatively high total bacterial counts, but the specified mean bacterial counts were relatively low. The bacterial counts for the rest of the investigated raw materials were relatively low.     

吸血节肢动物体内细菌研究进展

吸血节肢动物体内广泛存在着多种细菌,这些细菌对其具有重要生理功能和生态意义,同时对其所携带病原有一定的影响.根据吸血节肢动物体内细菌研究所取得的一些新进展,从体内细菌常见种类、与宿主相互作用、对病原体影响和研究方法等方面对吸血节肢动物体内细菌研究现状进行概述.