Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

生菜叶中磷含量的光谱定量分析

为快速、准确检测生菜叶内的磷含量,提出了应用光谱技术结合化学计量法无损检测生菜叶内磷含量的方法。通过获取不同施磷量下生菜叶片于波长350~2500nm处的反射光谱,对光谱数据进行5点平滑和一阶导数变换后,利用联合区间偏最小二乘算法（siPLS）提取了与生菜叶磷元素相关的4个特征波段,即950~1070nm, 1430~1549nm,1906~2025nm和2144~2263nm。进一步利用连续投影算法（SPA）对全光谱波段和4个特征波段进行特征波长提取,分别筛选出变量63个和25个。分别对4个特征波段、63个和25个特征波长进行主成分降〖JP2〗维,当主成分数分别为7、5和4时,隐含层神经元数分别为7、5和3时,建立了siPLS+BPANN,SPA+BPANN,siPLS+〖JP〗SPA+BPANN生菜叶磷含量检测模型。研究结果表明：siPLS+SPA+BPANN模型的预测结果优于其他模型,验证集相关系数为0.911,验证均方根误差为479mg/kg。     

Partial discharge pattern recognition based on S transform and two-directional 2DPCA

A new feature extraction method is proposed to recognize different types of partial discharge (PD) signals. Firstly,four typical categories of PD artificial defect models are made and S transform (ST) is employed to obtain a time-frequency representation of the recorded UHF signals. Then,two-directional two-dimensional principal component analysis ((2D) 2PCA) is applied to compress the ST amplitude (STA) matrix to extract features. Finally,support vector machine (SVM) combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to accomplish the recognition of experimental samples. Classification results demonstrate that the average recognition rate of (10,5) combination is the highest while the one of (5,5) combination is the lowest among four kinds of feature dimension combinations. Moreover,PSO can obviously improve the classification performance of SVM. Specifically,all the average recognition rates of PSO-SVM are higher than 94.43%and the maximum value comes to 97.67%. Therefore,the feature sets extracted by ST and (2D) 2PCA can not only achieve dramatic dimension reduction,but also retain the major information of original data. It is proved that the proposed algorithm can obtain ideal results in PD pattern recognition.     

Agronomic and economic appraisal of alley cropping with Leucaena diversifolia on an acid soil in the highlands of Burundi

Although alley cropping has been shown elsewhere to permit continuous cropping, it has not been widely tested in the highlands of east and central Africa where it has the additional potential of controlling soil erosion. The effect of four rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha^–1) of inorganic N on the performance of alley cropping using Leucaena diversifolia as the hedgerow species was studied in the central highlands of Burundi. Significant increase in maize yield (average of 26%) due to alley cropping was only first realised in 1992, three years after the commencement of the trial. In 1993, the average yield advantage of the alley cropping plots was 21%. The prunings augmented the response of maize yield to inorganic N in 1992 and 1993. Compared with the control, economic benefits over the five-year period for all the treatments were negative.     

Optimization of water and nitrogen management for surge-root irrigated apple trees in the Loess Plateau of China

The Loess Plateau is one of the main regions for growing apple trees in China, but a shortage of water resources and low utilization of nitrogen have restricted its agricultural development. A 2-year field experiment was conducted which included three levels of soil water content(SWC), 90–75%, 75–60%, and 60–45% of field capacity, and five levels of nitrogen application(N_(app)), 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4 and 0.3 kg/plant. The treatments were arranged in a strip-plot design with complete randomized blocks with three replications. For both years, the water and N_(app) had significant(P0.05) effects on leaf area index(LAI), yield, water use efficiency(WUE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP) while the interaction effect of water and N_(app) on yield, WUE and NPFP was significant(P0.05) in 2018, and not in 2017. For the same SWC level, WUE first increased, then decreased as N_(app) increased, while NPFP tended to decrease, but the trend of LAI with different N_(app) was closely related to SWC. At the same N_(app), the LAI increased as SWC increased, while the WUE and NPFP first increased, then decreased, but the yield showed different trends as the SWC increased. The dualistic and quadric regression equations of water and N_(app) indicate that the yield, WUE and NPFP cannot reach the maximum at the same time. Considering the coupling effects of water and N_(app) on yield, WUE and NPFP in 2017 and 2018, the SWC level shall be controlled in 75–60% of field capacity and the N_(app) is 0.45 kg/plant, which can be as the suitable strategy of water and N_(app) management for the maximum comprehensive benefits of yield, WUE and NPFP for apple trees in the Loess Plateau and other regions with similar environments.     

水稻专用配方肥的肥效研究

采用“大配方,小调整”策略,采用区域总量控制、分期调控技术,根据磷钾肥衡量监控技术原理,通过不同农户田间小区试验,比较了大配方、小调整和农户习惯处理对水稻产量、氮肥利用率和经济效益的影响.结果表明,与农民习惯施肥处理比较,大配方和小调整处理提高了水稻产量和氮肥偏生产力,平均产量分别增加了4.67％和11.85％,平均氮肥偏生产力分别增加33.45％和42.62％.大配方和小调整处理可以使水稻达到增产、节本、增效的目的,而小调整处理效果优于大配方处理.     

Prognostic significance of clinical presentation,induction and rescue treatment in 42 cases of canine centroblastic diffuse large B‐cell multicentric lymphoma in the United Kingdom

Canine lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases and many previous studies have evaluated the response of a mixed population of lymphoma cases to one specific treatment protocol. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the outcome and prognostic factors in 42 cases of multicentric centroblastic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with either a COP‐type (35%) or CHOP‐type (64%) induction chemotherapy. The objective response rate to induction therapy was 94%; entire dogs had a greater rate of complete vs partial remissions than neutered dogs (P = .017). Median progression‐free survival for the first remission (PFS1) was 182 days; absence of anaemia at diagnosis (P = .002) and pretreatment neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) below 9.44 (P = .015) were independently predictive of longer PFS1. Fifty‐eight percent of dogs received rescue protocols with an objective response rate of 81%; 31% of dogs received further rescue protocols (up to a total of 5) and the median number of protocols administered were 2. Median overall survival (OS) was 322 days, the 1‐year survival rate was 38% and the 2‐year survival rate was 9%. Lymphocyte:monocyte ratio above 1.43 (P = .031), NLR below 11.44 (P = .009), the combination of induction and rescue therapy (P = .030) and the total number of doxorubicin doses used (P = .002) were independently predictive of longer OS. Use of a COP‐type protocol induction compared with CHOP did not undermine OS providing doxorubicin was used as rescue therapy.     

四川烟区烟叶化学成分与海拔的关系

采用偏最小二乘回归的方法研究四川烟叶化学成分与海拔间的关系.结果表明,四川烟区海拔变化幅度较大,烟叶中的总糖、还原糖以及总氮质量分数变幅较大,淀粉质量分数变幅较小.建立烟叶化学成分与海拔的偏最小二乘回归分析模型:上部叶(海拔=0.205x1+0.179x2-0.050x3+0.205x4-0.086x5-0.352x6 +0.122x7)、中部叶(海拔=0.382x1+0.168x2-0.012x3+0.243x4-0.05625-0.211x6-0.026x7)以及下部叶(海拔=0.349x1+0.202x2-0.073x3+0.001x4+0.006x5-0.060x6-0.199x7),总糖、还原糖以及总氮质量分数与海拔呈正相关,总烟碱以及钾质量分数与海拔呈负相关,上、中、下部位间淀粉和氯质量分数的相关性不一致;烟叶中的糖类指标与海拔呈高度正相关,钾质量分数与海拔呈高度负相关.     

卧式储油罐变位与罐容表标定的问题

将储油罐变位分解为横向移位和纵向倾斜,并设横向偏转角度β,纵向倾斜角度α,根据几何关系研究了卧式储油罐的变位识别。横向移位分析包括油平面高于、低于、处于中层面3种情况;将储油罐分为两侧球冠体和中间圆柱体两部分进行纵向倾斜分析,圆柱体部分针对右侧油面是否接触圆柱体侧壁分为5种情况进行讨论,而球冠体部分分别将两侧球冠体分为左上、左下和右上、右下两部分进行讨论,并建立了储油罐储油量与罐位高度对应关系的微积分数学模型。结合实测数据,利用最小二乘法确定了实际情况下的α和β值,给出了相应罐位高度的罐容表标定值,验证分析了模型的正确性和可靠性。     

南海北部拖网35．2与30．3mm方目网囊渔获选择性比较

根据1997年10月和2000年11~12月的拖网网囊网目选择性试验资料,对网目内径35.2mm方目和30.3mm方目网囊的渔获选择性进行了比较和分析。对比试验结果表明,35.2mm方目网囊渔获尾数总逃逸率为39.28%、重量总逃逸率为16.18%,高于30.3mm方目网囊的28.40%和7.47%,35.2mm方目网囊的渔获选择性有所提高;2种规格方目网囊及其套网中出现的渔获种类较为相似,具有释放鱼类种类少、数量低的共同特点,且在渔获选择性能上的差别还不明显,对渔获种类数量的释放效果都相当有限;作为优势释放种类,大头狗母鱼、条尾绯鲤和多齿蛇鲻在2种规格方目网囊中的尾数逃逸率和重量逃逸率分别在42.9%~65.8%和24.2%~45.0%之间;其中条尾绯鲤和多齿蛇鲻的50%选择体长均未达到最低可捕标准。总体来看,2种规格方目网囊对渔获的总体释放效果还不理想,要实现负责任捕鱼,需进一步放大拖网方目网囊的网目尺寸。