Resource allocation tradeoffs in Manila’s peri-urban vegetable production systems: An application of multiple objective programming

This paper designed and developed a multi-objective programming (MOP) model to illustrate the dynamic relationship among technologies, productive activities, constraints and farmers’ objectives in the peri-urban vegetable production system and use the model as an economic tool in analysing probable consequences of a given action or innovation on the farm. The best compromise solution was generated using four analytical steps, as follows: single-objective optimization (to determine the ideal and anti-ideal values of the objective functions); constrained optimization (to generate the set of Pareto non-dominated solutions); cluster analysis (to trim down efficient set into smaller homogeneous groups); and compromise programming (to determine where the best compromise solution lies).     

组合预测方法及其在粮食产量预测中的应用

提出了一种组合预测方法，以“预测偏差绝对值的和最小”为标准，用线性规划确定组合权系数的最优加权算法，对青海省的粮食总产量进行了预测分析。结果表明，此模型具有较高的精度。     

Conversion to organic arable farming in The Netherlands: A dynamic linear programming analysis

Several studies show that organic farming is more profitable than conventional farming. However, in reality not many farmers convert to organic farming. Policy makers and farmers do not have clear insight into factors which hamper or stimulate the conversion to organic farming. The objective of this paper is to develop a dynamic linear programming model to analyse the effects of different limiting factors on the conversion process of farms over time. The model is developed for a typical arable farm in The Netherlands central clay region, and is based on two static liner programming models (conventional and organic). The objective of the model is to maximise the net present value over a 10-year planning horizon. The results of the analysis of a basic scenario show that conversion to organic farming is more profitable than staying conventional. In order to arrive at the actual profitable phase of organic farming, the farmer has to pass through the economically difficult 2-year conversion period. Sensitivity analysis shows that if depreciation is 25% higher than conventional fixed costs due to machinery made superfluous by conversion, conversion is less profitable than staying conventional. Also the availability of hired labour, which can be constrained in peak periods, has a strong effect on the cropping plan and the amount of area converted. Further analysis shows that a slight drop (2%) in organic prices lowers the labour income of the farmer and makes conversion less profitable than conventional farming. For farmers, a minimum labour income can be required to ‘survive’. The analysis shows that constraint on minimum labour income makes stepwise conversion the best way for farmers to overcome economic difficulties during conversion.     

灌溉效益分摊系数的数理统计分析方法

传统的灌溉效益分摊系数的计算公式中没有考虑随机因素和交互效应的影响,针对这一问题提出了相应的数理统计分析方法,并利用一组历史数据,计算了某一地区的灌溉效益分摊系数。     

电力系统日有功优化调度的工程化软件与应用

随着电力市场的逐步建立和电力供需形势的变化，电力系统的优化调度具备了可行条件；同时，由于电力部门运作带有的计划性，需要开发出实用有效的、涉及多种人为调控约束的工程化方法用于实际生产。针对上述需要，建立了考虑若干为调控约束的日有功优化调度工程化模型，提出了基于专家规则、优先顺序和动态规划法的工程化算法，并开发了相应的工程化软件。该软件已在陕西电网成功运行一年，取得了显著的效益。     

农场作物及机器设备选择系统的研究

将数据库，模拟及线性规划结合在一起，建立了一个同时选择农作物，作业方式及机器设备的软件系统。此系统可求得农场资源的最佳配置，并有较好的可移植性，同时在很大程度上克服了线性规划的非整数解与机器，劳力整数要求的矛盾以及模拟技术在优化系统方面的局限。     

机耕道自动驾驶农机局部路径规划

针对机耕道场景下自动驾驶农机行驶的安全性、平稳性与规划实时性的实际需求,该研究提出了一种基于二次规划的局部路径规划方法。首先基于有限状态机构建农机机耕道行驶模式,其次采用横纵向解耦的方法,通过改进状态栅格法分别对农机速度行为和轨迹行为进行决策,随后利用二次规划方法生成满足多目标、多约束条件的农机轨迹和速度,得到最优路径,最后在多种行驶环境中进行仿真和实车试验,行驶参考速度为2 m/s。实车试验结果表明,在绕行静态障碍物场景中,规划轨迹的平均绝对曲率为0.021 m^-1,最大绝对曲率为0.056 m^-1,平均绝对横向误差为3.23 cm,最大绝对横向误差为8.69 cm,农机与障碍物外轮廓的距离大于0.76 m;在规避相向行驶、同向行驶和横穿机耕道的动态障碍物场景中,规划速度的平均绝对速度误差为0.08～0.12 m/s,绝对速度误差小于0.38 m/s,加速度变化范围为-0.38～0.44 m/s²。在规划周期为200 ms的仿真试验中,本文算法平均耗时48 ms,最大耗时75 ms,相比采用静态状态栅格法平均耗时减少38 ms,算法效率提升44%。研究结果可为机耕道场景下的农机局部路径规划提供技术支持。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

基于SD-SVD-Burg的玉米叶片铜铅污染甄别与程度诊断

为研究一种快速甄别作物受重金属污染的元素类别和所受污染程度的方法,于2017年设置不同梯度铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)胁迫下的玉米盆栽实验,对玉米的紫谷、绿峰和红边3个光谱特征区间的高光谱数据进行光谱一阶微分和奇异值分解处理,并结合Burg算法绘制功率谱密度曲线,同时利用2014年采集的光谱数据作为验证组检验该模型的稳定性。结果表明:健康玉米叶片与不同浓度Cu、Pb胁迫下玉米叶片光谱信号的功率谱密度曲线的波峰数及波峰坡度均不相同。功率谱曲线平均功率和玉米叶片中Cu、Pb含量的相关系数最高可达0.9958,证明该方法在对玉米进行污染元素种类辨别和污染程度诊断方面具有可行性,不同年份Cu与Pb胁迫下绿峰功率谱曲线平均功率与玉米叶片中Cu、Pb含量的相关系数分别为0.9213和0.9915,进一步验证该算法在玉米Cu、Pb污染诊断方面具有稳定性与普适性。     

精准农业中不同取样间距下Kriging插值精度对比研究

为了研究土壤不同养分的合理取样间距,研究选择了平顶山地区典型烟田为研究对象,在面积为4 hm2的地块上以20 m×20 m网格采样,共采集耕层(0~20 cm)土壤样品111个。在GIS软件平台上对采样点进行行列删除,人为改变取样间距大小,并运用地质统计学和普通克里格插值方法进行插值,生成了土壤各养分分布图。同时,随机选取7个样点,并将其在不同取样密度下的Kriging插值结果与实测值进行比较。由插值误差分析、独立检验、面积分析和养分分布图可以看出:在该研究区域内,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、速效铁和速效锌以20 m取样间距较为合适,有机质和速效铜的合理取样间距为60 m,速效锰则以40 m取样间距较适宜。研究目的是为该地区确定合理的土壤取样间距提供理论依据。