甜瓜属野生种及其与黄瓜种间杂交后代抗根结线虫初步研究

为了鉴定甜瓜属野生种酸黄瓜 (CucumishystrixChakr.)对南方根结线虫 [Meloidogyneincognit(Kofoid&White)Chit wood]的抗性 ,进而评估抗性向酸黄瓜与栽培黄瓜种间杂种的转移 ,选用了酸黄瓜、 4个栽培黄瓜材料、两种倍性水平的 3个正反交杂种F1和 1个回交后代作为试材 ,在温室中进行抗性鉴定和筛选。结果表明 ,酸黄瓜对南方根结线虫具有高度抗性 ,而 4个栽培黄瓜材料均为高度敏感。酸黄瓜平均每株根系形成约 3个根结 ,栽培黄瓜材料每株根系的根结数超过 10 0个。酸黄瓜通过与栽培黄瓜的正反交 ,其抗性已被部分转移到杂种之中。当杂种作为供体亲本与栽培黄瓜进行回交时 ,抗性又被进一步转移到回交一代 (BCF1)中     

人工合成甘蓝型油菜高频率再生研究初报

资源材料保存在作物遗传资源的研究与利用中起到非常重要的作用。该实验以不同来源的人工合成甘蓝型油菜KH106,KH109,KH111D为材料,以花序轴,子房,果柄为外植体研究其再生情况,结果表明,由芥蓝和小白菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH106的再生频率极显著高于由羽衣甘蓝和白菜型油菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH109和KH111;与花序轴和子房为外植体再生频率相比,以果柄为外植体平均再生频率最高,差异达到极显著水平;利用不同预处理培养基处理不同时间,结果显示不经过预处理直接接种到分化培养基上再生频率最高。     

大白菜、青花菜和叶用芥菜体细胞杂交种形态学与细胞学特性鉴定

 为拓宽十字花科蔬菜育种种质资源,以大白菜（Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis）、青花菜（B. oleracea L. var. varitalica）和叶用芥菜（B. juncea L. Czern）的子叶、下胚轴为材料,分离、纯化原生质体,采用40% 聚乙二醇（Polyethylene glycol,PEG）融合法进行原生质体融合。融合细胞在附加0.2 mg · L^-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg · L^-1 NAA + 0.1 mg · L^-1 激动素（kinetin）的改良K8p培养基中液体培养,当细胞分裂至8 ~ 10细胞期时,将分裂的细胞包埋于0.15%琼脂糖,然后在添加0.3 mol · L^-1蔗糖和2 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 2 mg · L^-1 玉米素（zeatin）+ 1 mg · L^-1 NAA + 0.5 mg · L^-1 kinetin的Kao培养基中诱导愈伤组织。将培养获得的936个愈伤组织转到3种不定芽诱导培养基MS + 5 mg ? L-1 zeatin + 2 mg · L^-1 IAA;MS + 2 mg · L^-1 zeatin + 2 mg · L^-1 IAA;MS + 0.5 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg · L^-1 NAA上诱导芽分化,当芽长3 cm左右时,转到1/2 MS + 0.2 mg · L^-1 NAA的生根培养基上诱导生根,共获得了96株再生植株,对其进行形态学、细胞学和分子生物学鉴定。形态学观察显示再生植株表型变化大,包括3个亲本的中间型或两个亲本的中间型;PCR技术鉴定结果显示96株杂种植株中93株为细胞质雄性不育特性;染色体计数显示,再生的植株染色体数变化范围广（2n = 38 ~ 64）,但未发现染色体数总和与3种融合亲本染色体数总数（2n = 74）相一致的个体。基因组原位杂交（Genomic in situ hybridization,GISH）和扩增片段长度多态性（Amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP）分析结果表明,再生植株基因组中分别检测出大白菜、青花菜、叶用芥菜的DNA片段,证实了大白菜、青花菜、叶用芥菜种间体细胞杂交种的真实性。     

百合品种改良与生物技术研究进展

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t探索野生百合在改良百合品种中的潜在价值。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t以百合野生种为父本,栽培品种为母本,通过切割花柱、胚拯救等技术,对具有优良性状野生百合与主要栽培百合远缘杂交的亲和性进行研究。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t6个野生百合种(卷丹、玫红百合、湖北百合、兰州百合、南川百合、大理百合)分别与5个主栽品种(西伯利亚、索邦、西诺红、木门、罗宾娜)远缘杂交组合的子房平均膨大率为68.4%、64.7%、56.5%、80.9%、39.6%、62.7%,表现出较高的子房膨大率,并获得了7个远缘杂交后代。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t以南川百合和卷丹为亲本的杂交组合比其他野生百合更容易获得有胚种子,具有清香味的玫红百合与东方百合栽培品种具有良好的亲和性;供试的6种野生百合与百合主栽品种杂交都有较高的子房膨大率,但真正有胚种子很少,说明子房膨大并不代表胚的发育,仅用子房膨大率评价远缘杂交亲和性并不客观,应把子房膨大率、幼胚萌发率、杂种成活率结合起来综合考虑。\t\t\t\t     

Interspecific hybridization between Coffea arabica L. and tetraploid C. canephora P. ex Fr. I. Fertility in F1 hybrids and backcrosses to C. Arabica

Summary The interspecific (C. arabica × tetraploid C. canephora) F₁ hybrid showed a low but highly variable fertility. An almost complete restoration to normal fertility was observed in individual trees of BC₁ and BC₂ generations with C. arabica as recurrent parent. From a comparison of various tests of fertility, it was found that pollen viability is a satisfactory measure of fertility.     

Development of transferred xenogeneic vole embryos in mouse uteri

An experimental model to study interspecific pregnancy using voles, Microtus arvalis, and green fluorescent protein gene‐induced transgenic mice is presented. Xenogeneic blastocysts from the vole were transferred into the uteri of pseudopregnant mice along with allogeneic blastocysts from green fluorescent protein gene‐induced transgenic mice. The uteri containing xeno‐allo combined transfers were examined from day 6 to 13 of gestation. Although the vole embryos implanted, the uteri containing vole embryos were smaller compared with those having allogeneic mouse embryos. On day 8, the uteri containing vole embryos hemorrhaged internally and no vole embryo was found in the pregnant uterus after day 11. Allogeneic mouse embryos developed normally despite the presence and abortion of the vole embryos. In uteri implanted with vole embryos, decidua were formed and numerous blood vessels were distributed around the embryo. Maternal blood cells infiltrated into the celomic cavity of the vole embryo through the discontinuous region of trophoblast. Periodic acid‐Schiff‐positive granulated metrial gland cells were remarkably increased in the decidual sites. These findings suggest that a disorder of embryo–maternal interaction might induce the appearance of numerous granulated metrial gland cells and rejection of the embryos.     

白三叶与不同禾草混播群落17年稳定性经较研究

在适度放牧条件下开展了白三叶与多年生黑麦草、紫羊茅、草地早熟禾和无芒雀麦的两两豆禾混播群落的种间相容性、群落生产力和稳定性的研究。17年的研究结果表明,白三叶 紫羊茅组合的年均干物质产量502g/m2,显著高于其他组合(P<0.05),但前期以白三叶 多年生黑麦草最高(P<0.05)。在时间序列混播比例的变化上,白三叶逐渐增加,然后维持在一定的范围;多年生黑麦草第1年最高,后逐渐下降;紫羊茅和草地早熟禾变化不大,而无芒雀麦减少最快,并最终消失;白三叶 紫羊茅组合的比例动态变化最小,组分稳定,而且群落抵抗力最强,年均杂草侵入量仅为2.4 g/m2,极显著地低于其他处理(P<0.01)。参试禾本科牧草与白三叶的种间相容性为紫羊茅>多年生黑麦草≥草地早熟禾>无芒雀麦。种间相容性是混播群落长期稳定性的重要决定因素。时间梯度上的群落生产力变化趋势,白三叶 紫羊茅和白三叶 草地早熟禾呈平稳略升,而白三叶 多年生黑麦草和白三叶 无芒雀麦呈前高后低模式。对混播群落稳定性的判断存在时间尺度和空间尺度。     

5种常绿园林树种抑菌能力研究

研究了5种常绿树种叶片挥发性物质对真菌、细菌抑制能力,结果显示:所有供试植物叶片的挥发性物质均具有一定的抑菌活性,且5种常绿树种抑菌率的种间差异显著,其中油松、白皮松的抑菌能力个体差异也达到显著水平。对细菌的抑菌能力排序为:大叶黄杨>油松>龙柏>白皮松>石楠;对真菌的抑菌能力排序为:石楠>大叶黄杨>龙柏>油松>白皮松。另外,一般碎叶的抑菌率大于相同质量的整叶。     

Independent segregation of two isozyme markers and inter-plant differences in nuclear DNA content in the interspecific backcross (Allium fistulosum L. × A. cepa L.) × A. cepa L.

Summary From backcrosses of three interspecific hybrids (A. fistulosum x A. cepa) with a. cepa 14 diploid and 2 triploid plants were recovered.In this BC1 population introgression of A. fistulosum genetic material into the A. cepa nuclear genome was studied using two isozyme markers: Got-1 and Got-2. Both loci carried two alleles. A. cepa was monomorphic for both markers. A. fistulosum was polymorphic for Got-2. Based on their Got isozyme pattern seven out of the 14 diploid BC1 plants had a recombinant genotype. The loci appeared to be unlinked. Differences were observed in nuclear DNA contents between the diploid BC1 plants, indicating that gametes produced by the interspecific hybrids contained different combinations of chromosomal material from A. cepa and A. fistulosum.Abbreviations Adh alcohol dehydrogenase - Got glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase - Idh isocitrate dehydrogenase - Pgi phosphoglucoisomerase - Pgm phosphoglucomutase     

Interspecific hybridization between sunflower and wild perennial Helianthus species via embryo rescue

Interspecific crosses were made between the cultivated sunflower inbred line HA89 and accessions of five wild perennial Helianthus species (H. giganteus L., H. laevigatus T. & G., H. resinosus Small, H. pauciflorus Nutt. and H. decapetalus L.) resistant to broomrape ( Orobanche cernua Loefl.). Using the genetic male-sterile isogenic version of that line as female, successful reciprocal crosses were also obtained with all these wild species except with H. decapetalus. Five-day-old hybrid embryos were excised and cultured in vitro. In all cases, few mature plants were obtained from embryos in early developmental stages (early heart and globular) but up to 28% mature plants were obtained from embryos in later stages of development. Very immature embryos were difficult to excise without damage. Hybrid embryos and mature plants were obtained from all five wild species. Interspecific hybrid embryos from different wild species showed distinct developmental potentials, the proportion of hybrid embryos in different developmental stages varying among species. Differences in the proportion of hybrid embryos at the several developmental stages were also obtained for the reciprocal crosses (cultivated × wild), which showed higher proportion of fully developed embryos. Hybrids involving H. giganteus and cultivated sunflower were difficult to obtain without the use of embryo culture. Embryo culture proved to be an useful tool to overcome post-zygotic hybrid incompatibility in different Helianthus spp., and facilitated interspecific transfer of resistance to O. cernua. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.