不同进食水平对生茸期梅花鹿能量代谢的影响

本试验采用梯度饲养试验、消化代谢试验及呼吸测热试验等方法 ,对成年梅花鹿生茸期能量代谢规律进行了研究。结果指出 :①随着能量进食水平的提高 ,梅花鹿体沉积能显著增加 ;②梅花鹿日产热量与进食能量水平呈强直线相关 ;③甲烷能产生量随着能量进食水平的增加而增加。     

日粮蛋白质水平对云南半细毛羊空怀母羊能量代谢的影响

为研究日粮蛋白质水平对云南半细毛羊空怀母羊能量代谢的影响,试验选择25只云南半细毛羊空怀母羊,平均分为5个组,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为8.4％、10.0％、12.3％、13.6％、15.9％的日粮,用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,试验期共19 d,预试期14 d,正试期5 d.结果表明:(1)日粮蛋白质水平对总能摄入量无显著影...     

加套纸袋对香蕉品质影响的研究

香蕉套袋护果技术已经非常普及,生产中多用定型袋外套蓝色塑料袋的方法护果。截至目前,广西香蕉种植户普遍采用蓝色塑料袋中加套纸袋的护果方法,但未见加套纸袋对香蕉品质影响的研究报道。本研究探讨了加套纸袋对香蕉表观性状及内在生理生化指标的影响,为综合评价加套纸袋对香蕉品质影响提供理论依据。研究表明,加套纸袋可以显著提高果皮亮度,但降低果皮黄色饱和度;一定程度提高蕉果果肉钾含量,却显著降低了果皮中钙含量;加套纸袋能够显著提高瓤皮比,但果皮质地细嫩,易刮伤;加套纸袋可以显著提高蕉果果肉维生素C含量,降低了蕉果果肉中淀粉累积量;此外,加套纸袋后,蕉果的转色时间和货架期短于常规。综上,提出调整套纸袋时间、套袋方法等改进措施。     

Comparative digestibility of low‐quality grass hay by two breeds of cattle differing in mature live weight

The digestive capacity of the Portuguese native breed of Barrosão cattle and the Holstein–Friesian breed was measured when fed meadow hay (72–74 g CP and 641–671 g NDF/kg dry matter), offered either alone or supplemented with soya bean meal (150 g/kg dry matter), at maintenance level. Four mature cows of each breed were used. Average initial live weight (LW) was 457 and 635 kg for the Barrosão and the Holstein–Friesian cows respectively. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) of the meadow hay was higher in Holstein–Friesian than in Barrosão cows (p < 0.08) whether supplemented or not. The neutral detergent fibre digestibility of the hay was also higher in Holstein–Frisian when the hay was fed alone (p < 0.08). The soya bean meal supplementation increased the OMD and the NDFD digestibility of the total diet (p < 0.05), but not the OMD digestibility of the hay (p > 0.05). The results obtained in this study suggest a higher ability to digest fibre in the large dairy breed than in the small native breed. This suggestion is also supported by previous findings with sheep breeds largely differing in mature live weight.     

鸡鸭对饲料能量利用的比较研究

选用18周龄健康、体重基本一致的海兰褐佳蛋公鸡和北京Z系公鸭各48只,以Sibbald“真代谢能(TME)”法测定了公鸡和公鸭常用谷物、饼粕和油脂等3大类9种常用饲料的代谢能。结果表明:鸡和鸭对饲料能量利用存在明显的差异。AME除棉粕和玉米淀粉鸭与鸡差异不显著外(P>0.05),其余7种饲料AME鸭都比鸡高;TME玉米淀粉鸭与鸡差异不显著(P>0.05),其余8种饲料TME鸭都比鸡高。48h鸭内源能排泄量(113.10MJ)比鸡(88.88MJ)高(P<0.01)。并且饲料蛋白质含量越高,鸭和鸡饲料AME、TME值之间差异越大。     

Safety of Improved Milbond-TX When Fed in Broiler Diets Limiting in Available Phosphorus or Containing Variable Levels of Metabolizable Energy

Improved Milbond-TX (IMTX), a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, was added to broiler diets at 0, 1, or 2% in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, three concentrations of available P, 0.22, 0.32, and 0.42%, were combined with the IMTX in isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn-soybean meal-based diets and fed to male broilers for 21 d. In experiment 2, the IMTX was added to isonitrogenous broiler diets calculated to contain 2,940, 3,020, or 3,100 kcal of ME/kg and also fed for 21 d. Deficient dietary P reduced feed intake and BW at 7, 14, and 21 d of age, but IMTX had no effect even when fed at 8 times the amount recommended by the manufacturer (0.25%) to ameliorate the toxic effects of feed mycotoxins. Similarly, increasing the energy level of the diet resulted in improved BW and feed conversion, but IMTX fed at 8 times the amount recommended by the manufacturer had no detrimental effect on chick performance. There was no interaction found between IMTX and energy or available P for any performance measure. Addition of IMTX to the diet above the recommended concentration of the manufacturer also had no detrimental effect on percentage of toe ash or excreta moisture.     

几种高大禾草热值和灰分动态变化研究

对3种C₃类植物(芦竹、菅、芦苇)与5种C₄类植物(五节芒、芒、岗柴、斑茅、南荻)不同器官热值和灰分含量的月变化进行了研究,并探讨了其应用前景,为禾草类能源植物筛选评价提供科学依据。结果表明,1)8种高大禾草灰分含量存在差异,且具明显的季节性变化;C₃类植物平均灰分含量分别为:芦竹(7.17±1.09)%、菅(6.33±0.60)%、芦苇(7.89±1.09)%;C₄类植物平均灰分含量分别为:五节芒(4.92±1.38)%、芒(6.27±0.94)%、岗柴(6.99±1.13)%、斑茅(5.13±0.88)%、南荻(5.10±0.82)%。2)C₃类植物中芦竹干重热值较高,C₄类植物中五节芒、芒、斑茅、南荻的干重热值比较接近,无显著差异,岗柴干重热值最低。3)芦竹的干重热值与灰分含量有显著线性相关(P＜0.05),五节芒、芦苇的干重热值与灰分含量有极显著线性相关(P＜0.01),而菅、芒、岗柴、斑茅、南荻的干重热值与灰分含量无相关性(P＞0.05)。4)C₃类植物平均去灰分热值分别为:芦竹(19.01±0.27)kJ/g、菅(18.58±0.31)kJ/g、芦苇(18.72±0.23)kJ/g;C₄类植物平均去灰分热值分别为:五节芒(18.52±0.32)kJ/g、芒(18.69±0.47)kJ/g、岗柴(18.54±0.33)kJ/g、斑茅(18.48±0.41)kJ/g、南荻(18.49±0.37)kJ/g,灰分含量不同,导致去灰分热值与干重热值的月变化趋势不同。     

Spatial variability in soil heat flux at three Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems

Closing the energy budget at flux measurement sites is problematic, even when the fetch extends over flat, homogeneous surfaces with low vegetation cover. We used the residual energy balance and ordinary least square (OLS) linear regression methods to quantify spatial variability in soil heat flux contributing to energy balance closure (EBC), by deploying a mobile energy system within the footprints of three Eddy-covariance towers located in the steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. The EBC at the study sites had a daily average residual of 8–19 W m⁻² with OLS slopes of 0.83–0.96. The EBC was better achieved at the wet site than at the dry site. The spatial variability in soil heat flux was 48 W m⁻² (13% of R_n) during the day and 15 W m⁻² (34%) at night, with an average of 29 W m⁻² (24%) across the three sites. A 9% OLS slope difference due to this variability was recorded from our eight plot measurements. A large amount of missing energy (110 W m⁻² at peak) could occur with decreasing OLS slope of 23% across the three grassland sites when soil heat flux is not taken into account. In particular, heat storage in the top soil layer not only influenced the magnitude of EBC, but also adjusted soil heat flux to match the ‘truth schedule’. Heat storage in the top soil layer comprised half of the soil heat flux when the heat flux plate was deployed at a depth of 30 mm. If this part of heat storage was neglected, the residual of EBC would increase as large as 60 W m⁻² with OLS slope decreasing 9%. Comparing them with the multiple-location soil heat flux measurements, the single-location measurements from near the Eddy-covariance towers obtained a slightly better EBC with the OLS slope increasing by 4%.     

Discussion about Saving Energy in Refrigeratory

Food refrigeration is regarded as a high energy consuming trade. Under the long period system of state operated enterprise,there are many phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy. Energy consuming is not very clear for production.Consuming in our country is far more than the international standard and there is a distance between the middle_westland and the eastland. As a enterprise that faces the international market,it is important for it to strength the management so that the cost can be reduced. Considering those phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy in refrigeratory at present, some measures such as improved the unreasonable operation process, strengthening the energy management and automation to realize automatizing operation are improved to reduce the cost for refrigeratory trades.     

木薯内标准基因定性PCR方法分析

内标准基因对于转基因植物及其产品的定性定量PCR检测起着决定性的作用,木薯内标准基因的系统研究是木薯转基因成分检测的基础。在木薯的DFCI（http://compbio.dfci.harvard.edu/tgi/plant.html）数据库中,选择了有可能作为木薯内标基因的一些EST序列,包括亲环蛋白2（cyclophilin type 2,DB934316）、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因B亚单位（Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase B subunit,TC445）GAPDH、Actin 基因（TC2158与 TC3381的拼接序列）、Alpha-tubulin （TC8072）基因,Polyubiquitin（TC9946）,亚麻苦苷酶 （linamarase,TC1540）六个基因序列,设计了7对定性PCR的引物（CP2、Actin、GAPDH、PUBQ2、Tublinα1、Tublinα2和 LAM1）,并进行了种内一致性、稳定性和种间特异性测试分析。结果表明只有木薯的3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因B亚单位的GAPDH定性PCR引物扩增系统在木薯的22个不同品种中都能够得到一致性稳定性的扩增结果,在大戟科其它植物及其它非大戟科植物没有发现非特异性扩增产物。另外六个基因（CP2、Actin、PUBQ2、Tublinα1、Tublinα2和 LAM1）的定性PCR引物扩增系统在大戟科其它植物及非大戟科植物中都有非特异性的扩增产物。因此GAPDH定性PCR引物扩增系统初步符合内标准基因的种内一致性,稳定性,种间特异性的特点,可应用于转基因木薯成分定性PCR检测。