津田芜菁隐花色素CRY1 RNA干涉载体的构建

隐花色素CRY1在拟南芥光形态建成及光信号转导中起重要作用,在津田芜菁(Brassica rapaL. subsp. rapa ‘Tsuda’)中是否起相同作用尚未报道。本研究利用实验室已克隆得到的津田芜菁CRY1基因的cDNA全长序列,在NCBI进行序列比对,选取特异的片段。同时根据Gateway克隆技术特点,设计含有attB接头的引物。利用高保真的LA Taq DNA聚合酶,通过PCR方法在目的片段的两端加上attB序列。通过BP反应和LR反应将CRY1基因片段克隆到pH7GWIWG2(I)双元干涉载体。对重组载体pH7GWIWG2(I)-CRY1的鉴定结果表明成功构建了CRY1基因的干涉载体。利用Gateway克隆技术构建植物干涉表达载体简便易行,该结果为遗传转化研究其功能奠定了基础。     

Role of genetically engineered animals in future food production

Genetically engineered (GE) animals are likely to have an important role in the future in meeting the food demand of a burgeoning global population. There have already been many notable achievements using this technology in livestock, poultry and aquatic species. In particular, the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to produce virus‐resistant animals is a rapidly‐developing area of research. However, despite the promise of this technology, very few GE animals have been commercialised. This review aims to provide information so that veterinarians and animal health scientists are better able to participate in the debate on GE animals.     

甜菜夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾性诱芯田间合用的干扰作用

研究了“并列使用”和“复合使用”方式下甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)与斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)性诱芯在田间合用时的干扰作用.结果表明,甜菜夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾性诱芯联合使用对各自诱捕效果均有明显的干扰作用,相对甜菜夜蛾,斜纹夜蛾受干扰程度较小.甜菜夜蛾单控点处理9月上、中、下旬平均诱蛾量较并列双控点处理分别增加了62.66倍、155.33倍、84.47倍;斜纹夜蛾单控点处理则分别增加了22.40倍、4.05倍、0.36倍,差异极显著;相对复合双控点处理,两单控点的增幅均相对较大.同一监测点上安装两种诱芯,在同一诱捕器中的干扰作用强于分装在不同诱捕器中.     

农业装备升降装置非接触式光纤位移传感器设计与试验

为了解决农业设备位移的宽量程、高灵敏度非接触测量问题,提出一种基于Peanut-shape迈克尔逊干涉结构的非接触式光纤位移传感器。分析了光纤Peanut-shape迈克尔逊干涉原理,设计了将磁场与Peanut-shape结构形成的全纤式迈克尔逊干涉相结合的传感器结构,并通过磁场仿真,得到磁场强度曲线。建立了传感器应变标定系统和位移测试系统。试验结果表明:Peanut-shape迈克尔逊干涉的光纤传感器应变灵敏度达到1. 82 pm/με,是普通光纤的1. 5倍,线性度为0. 997;位移测试得到的光谱曲线与磁场仿真曲线结果一致,可以实现位移的测量,且线性拟合度达到0. 999。     

不同干扰程度对巴音温都尔沙漠球果白刺灌丛空间格局影响的研究

球果白刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)作为巴音温都尔沙漠的重要建群种,具有很高的饲用价值和防风固沙作用。为了探究巴音温都尔沙漠球果白刺在不同干扰程度下灌丛空间格局分布的差异,通过每公顷放牧骆驼的数量来划定不同干扰程度的群落(未干扰群落,骆驼0峰/hm^2;轻度干扰群落,骆驼约0.6峰/hm^2;中度干扰群落,骆驼约1峰/hm^2),分析不同干扰程度对球果白刺灌丛空间点格局分布的影响。结果表明:(1)群落内的球果白刺现存量干重从大到小依次为未干扰的群落(73.33 g/m^2)>轻度干扰的群落(17.67 g/m^2)>中度干扰的群落(13.58 g/m^2);空斑总面积从大到小依次为中度干扰的群落(2 335 m^2)>轻度干扰的群落(2 241.25 m^2)>未干扰的群落(2 143 m^2)。(2)样方内的球果白刺数量从多到少依次为中度干扰的群落(459株)>轻度干扰的群落(272株)>未干扰的群落(142株),随着干扰程度的降低,个体在逐渐增大。(3)中度干扰的球果白刺群落内,在0~3 m、4~19 m的尺度内表现为随机分布,在3~4 m、19~25 m的尺度内表现为聚集分布。轻度干扰的球果白刺群落内,在0~12 m、13~25 m的尺度内表现为随机分布,在12~13 m的尺度内表现为聚集分布。未干扰的群落内,球果白刺表现为随机分布。     

白背飞虱海藻糖合成酶基因调控几丁质合成的功能

【背景】 海藻糖合成酶（trehalose-6-phosphate synthase,TPS）在海藻糖合成中起着重要作用,其能够介导海藻糖代谢调控几丁质合成及昆虫发育。【目的】 本研究通过抑制白背飞虱（Sogatella furcifera）TPS的表达,检测RNAi沉默SfTPS效果,观察白背飞虱蜕皮状况,测定几丁质含量及几丁质合成酶（chitin synthase,CHS）基因的定量表达,探究SfTPS在白背飞虱几丁质合成中的潜在调控作用。【方法】 利用注射法RNAi技术,以实验室饲养多年的白背飞虱种群为试验材料,体外合成两个SfTPS（SfTPS1和SfTPS2）与GFP的双链RNA（dsRNA）后,分别注射到白背飞虱体内抑制TPS。首先,在dsRNA注射后48 h采用Trizol法提取白背飞虱的总RNA,反转录并合成第一链DNA后,采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术检测TPS表达沉默情况,以确定RNAi的效果;其次,测定dsRNA注射后48 h和72 h白背飞虱整体几丁质含量并对翅发育畸形虫体进行拍照;最后,采用qRT-PCR技术检测白背飞虱SfCHS在mRNA水平上的相对表达量变化,分析SfTPS1和SfTPS2在几丁质合成调控中的作用。【结果】 与注射dsGFP相比较,dsSfTPS1和dsSfTPS2的RNA注射后,能够促进SfCHS表达量上升,几丁质含量增加,白背飞虱成虫翅出现畸形。qRT-PCR结果显示,单个SfTPS dsRNA注射后本基因的表达能够被极显著抑制,与注射dsGFP相比,不足对照组表达量的30%,且单个SfTPS的dsRNA注射后,另外一个SfTPS表达同样显著下降;dsSfTPS1和dsSfTPS2注射后,白背飞虱成虫翅均为长翅,出现一定比例的翅卷曲等畸形情况,其后48 h和72 h产生一定的死亡率;几丁质含量检测发现,SfTPS1和SfTPS2的dsRNA注射后72 h,几丁质含量显著上升。与注射dsGFP对照组相比较,SfCHS1与SfCHS1a表达量在dsSfTPS1注射后72 h极显著上升,在dsSfTPS2注射后48 h和72 h时极显著上升,且dsSfTPS1和dsSfTPS2注射后SfCHS1b的表达极显著增加。【结论】 SfTPS能够通过调控白背飞虱几丁质合成酶基因的表达来控制几丁质的合成,研究结果有助于评价SfTPS在白背飞虱等昆虫中的调控作用并作为潜在控害靶标,为进一步开展和筛选有效的海藻糖合成酶抑制剂控制白背飞虱等害虫提供理论依据。     

管道内检测器皮碗过盈量对其力学行为的影响

为了研究管道内检测器皮碗过盈量对皮碗力学行为的影响,以直径为800 mm的管道的内检测器皮碗为研究对象,分析聚氨酯材料的力学特性,建立用于分析管道内检测器皮碗过盈量的二维轴对称有限元模型。通过计算分析,得到了皮碗过盈量为0~10%时,唇缘接触应力、唇缘接触长度、夹持端角度、唇缘角度、皮碗折点内外侧应力的变化趋势,并拟合得到了过盈量与上述参数之间的关系。结果表明:随着皮碗过盈量增加,皮碗唇缘应力趋势由指数下降趋势逐渐转化为线性下降趋势;皮碗唇缘接触长度、夹持端角度的增长速率随皮碗过盈量增大而快速增加;折点内外侧应力增长速率均随皮碗过盈量增大而减小;皮碗唇缘角度随着皮碗过盈量增大而线性减小。     

新建高压输电线路对管道干扰预测及缓解措施

为了判断某新建高压输电线路对埋地管道交流干扰程度并采取相应的缓解措施,利用数值模拟技术结合现场测试校正,建立了管道交流干扰计算模型,预测了新建高压输电线路对管道的交流干扰程度,并根据管道周围环境特点设计了深井地床排流缓解措施。测试结果表明:数值模拟计算结果与现场实测结果基本吻合,验证了合理设计深井地床能够有效缓解管道交流干扰的事实。实际工况的复杂性使得计算模型不可能与现场情况完全一致,对于新建输电线路,可利用附近已有的输电线路对计算模型进行校正。     

Grain Quality as Affected by Down-regulation of Expression of Different ALK Alleles in indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

【Objective】Gelatinization temperature (GT) is one of the key physicochemical properties in rice quality, which is mainly regulated by ALK (SSII-3) gene. In general, there are two ALK alleles among indica cultivars. To detect their functional differentiation in indica rice,【Method】Zhenshan 97B (a high GT variety carrying ALKc allele) and Longtefu B (a low GT variety carrying ALKb allele), were used as receptors for the generation of transgenic rice with down-regulation of ALK expression by RNA interference (RNAi).【Result】Down-regulation of ALK gene significantly decreased the GT of the transgenic lines. Due to the difference of original GT between the two receptors, the GT of transgenic rice lines derived from Zhenshan 97B (a high GT variety) decreased significantly, but it is slightly decreased in transgenic plants derived from Longtefu B (a low GT variety). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the initial temperature of RNAi transgenic rice was significantly lower than the corresponding control and the transgenic lines were gelatinized in advance. The peak value of GT(Tp) in RNAi rice grains was significantly lower than that of the control under Zhenshan 97B background. However, Tp of RNAi rice grains under Longtefu B background was significantly lower than the control to a lesser extent. Also, down-regulation of ALK expression had a significant effect on rice physical-chemical characteristics. An increase of apparent amylose content in RNAi transgenic plants was detected due to the decreased expression of ALK gene. Besides, the pasting properties showed that down-regulation of ALK gene had obvious effects on peak viscosity and breakdown value, improving the taste of the transgenic rice. The gel consistency was significantly different among Zhenshan 97B RNAi lines and their parents, but no difference was found in Longtefu-derived transgenic lines.【Conclusion】RNA interference to ALK allele expression had a significant effect on rice quality, especially the gelatinization characters. Down-regulated expression level of ALKc allele would cause larger variation of physical-chemical characteristics between transgenic rice and their parent than that of ALKb allele.