冬季温控床垫对人体热舒适的影响机理

为研究温控床垫的不同温控条件对人体冬季热舒适和睡眠质量的影响,以及获得适宜的被褥微环境温度,研制了基于水管和水垫调温的温控床垫,调控的温度分别为29和32℃。通过睡眠实验,测试并记录睡眠过程中人 床界面温度、被褥微环境温度与睡眠各个阶段时间,以及睡前和醒后的主观热反应调查。结果表明,在受试者睡眠期间,受温控条件水垫29℃影响的人 床界面与被褥微环境的温度值最低,热感觉处于稍凉水平,导致睡眠效率较低。水管29℃热感觉处于适中水平,水垫32℃与水管32℃处于稍暖水平,二者之间受试者热感觉差异不显著,而与水垫29℃差异显著。同时,适中或偏暖被褥微环境在人体热舒适和热可接受度方面表现最佳,也实现了较高的睡眠效率。基于睡眠效率、被褥微环境的温度及整体热感觉,得出适宜的被褥微环境温度范围为31.45~32.50℃,受试者的满意率可达85%以上。此外,睡眠时被褥微环境的整体热感觉与各睡眠参数之间显著相关,稍暖或稍凉的热感觉会显著影响人的睡眠质量。     

Tree root characteristics as criteria for species selection and systems design in agroforestry

This literature review presents information about the role of tree root systems for the functioning of agroforestry associations and rotations and attempts to identify root-related criteria for the selection of agroforestry tree species and the design of agroforestry systems. Tree roots are expected to enrich soil with organic matter, feed soil biomass, reduce nutrient leaching, recycle nutrients from the subsoil below the crop rooting zone and improve soil physical properties, among other functions. On the other hand, they can depress crop yields in tree-crop associations through root competition. After a brief review of favourable tree root effects in agroforestry, four strategies are discussed as potential solutions to the dilemma of the simultaneous occurrence of desirable and undesirable tree root functions: 1) the selection of tree species with low root competitiveness, eventually supplemented by shoot pruning; 2) the identification of trees with a root distribution complementary to that of the crops; 3) the reduction of tree root length density by trenching or tillage; and 4) the use of agroforestry rotations instead of tree-crop associations. The potential and limitations of these strategies are discussed, and deficits in current understanding of tree root ecology in agroforestry are identified. In addition to the selection of tree species and provenances according to root-related criteria, the development of management techniques that allow the manipulation of tree root systems to maximize benefit and minimize competition are proposed as important tasks for future agroforestry research.     

The impact of alley cropping Gliricidia sepium and Cassia spectabilis on upland rice and maize production

G. sepium and C. spectabilis hedgerows were established on slopes ranging from 18 to 31% in an effort to reduce soil erosion and improve upland rice and maize production. Upland rice and maize responded more to soil incorporated G. sepium biomass than to mulched, C. spectibilis. Incorporating hedgerow biomass equivalent to over 40 kg N per hectare, however, did not increase upland rice productivity. Maize, planted during the drought-prone second season, responded more than did rice to mulching. Crop performance improved along the slope gradient. Hedgerow-crop competition was observed at the upper and lower interfaces. Terracing intensified hedgerow-crop competition at the upper interface by reducing the crop's effective rooting depth. Under prevailing climatic and soil conditions, mixed hedgerows of C. spectabilis and G. sepium initially produced approximately 7 tons of fresh biomass per hectare every 3 months. Four years after hedgerow establihment, however C. spectabilis biomass was chlorotic and considerable mortality was observed, suggesting that C. spectabilis may be depleting soil N reserves.     

DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATING AUTOCAD MENU AND DRAWING ON ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE FOOTING SERIES

In the light of development of integrating AutoCAD menu on architectural structure footing series which can integrate computing with drawing, this paper studies the interface between AutoCAD and advanced languages and presents a kind of interface suitable to menu. In combination SCR file with Defun fuction. this paper solves the problem of insufficient node space and the problem that function can not be recursively called while making use off AutoLISP language.     

Experimental Study on Properties of Interface between Geogrid and Copper Tailing

Steel-plastic composite geogrid enjoys greater reinforcement effect than other types of geogrid due mainly to its special design and structure,such as deliberately roughed rib surface to enhance its surface roughness and friction coefficient.Hence,engaging force together with interface friction raises the reinforced soil's stability.Tests of pull-out on varied size of steel-plastics composite geogrid have been performed with copper tailing as filling soil,and interaction parameters of shearing intensity and pseudo-friction coefficient between geogrid and copper tailing are obtained.In addition,other influence factors have been discussed.     

Design of Virtual Instrument for Automobile Based on PC/104

The design of virtual instrument for automobile based on PC/104 has been presented by comparing with the traditional auto meter. The paper focuses on the development environment, system construction and operation principle. The data of the virtual instrument is transported by CAN bus, and this system can monitor in real-time, display in digit and fire the alarm to the super-speed, save the record.     

The Ledge Structural Models of FCC:BCC Partially Coherent Interface

The structure of FCC: BCC partially coherent interface is simulated by computer. The results show that the interface structure is varied with the orientation relationships. The structural models of varied orientations are made, which are defined by the lattice parameter ratio afcc/abcc= 1. 26 and ranged from K-S to N-W orientation relationship. The amount of deviation of the apparent habit plane from atomic habit plane {111}fcc is a function of orientation,and ranges from ca. 12 degrees to ca. 30 degrees. Computer simulations also found that the misfit dislocations could not be certain to exiet on the FCC:CC partially coherent interface.     

Research Methods of Brain-computer Interface Technology

Brain computer interface(BCI) is an EEG based communication and control system between human and computer or other electric devices, which does not depend on the brain's normal output channels of peripheral nerves and muscles. It is a novel kind of human interface, may have applications in rehabilitation, control and other fields. The developming speed of brain computer research in recent years is high. Methods of how to use P300, SSVEP, ERS/ERD, SCP, spontaneous EEG and implanted electrode to realize BCI are introduced. Characteristic and limitation of different methods are discussed. Status, problems and application prospects of BCI technology are also included.     

Research on Sedimentation Technique of Tube Settler withRectangular Cross-section and Vertical Adhesive Interface

A new type of tube settler with rectangular cross-section and vertical adhesive interface in the tube module is proposed.The tube module by this kind of tube settler has flat top and bottom faces.Experiments show that the tube settler with rectangular vross-section and vertical adhesive interface has the advantages of better sedimentation performance,less material censumption for its construction and no flow transitional section from turbulent flow to laminar flow in the inlet part of the tube of which the whole length takes part in solid-liquid separation.     

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and animal level risk factors for indigenous cattle under different grazing strategies in the livestock/wildlife interface areas of Zambia

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and animal level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in indigenous cattle of the livestock/wildlife interface areas in Zambia. A total of 944 cattle from 111 herds were investigated. The comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT) was used to identify reactor animals for BTB. Animal level data on sex, age, parity and body condition score were registered. The overall animal prevalence of BTB as determined by the CIDT was 6.8% (95% CI: 4.2, 9.5%). In Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon areas, animal level prevalence were observed at 5.2% (95% CI: 2.2, 8.2%) and 9.6% (95% CI: 6.1, 13.2%), respectively. Kazungula, an area outside the livestock/wildlife interface, had a prevalence of only 0.8% (95% CI: 0.0, 2.3%). The age of the animal, its body condition score and the type of management system, were predictive of its BTB status. The study revealed that BTB was relatively high in the livestock/wildlife interface areas of Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon compared to Kazungula. These findings should raise a serious public health concern considering the extent to which the communities of the study areas are in contact with their animals and the levels at which they use untreated milk.