Multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems Oryza sativa–Echinochloa crus‐galli and Triticum aestivum–Avena fatua as natural‐product‐based herbicide leads

BACKGROUND: Fifteen novel derivatives of D‐DIBOA, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions C‐2 and N‐4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (STS) evaluated. This strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. An evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems Oryza sativa–Echinochloa crus‐galli and Triticum aestivum–Avena fatua is reported here. RESULTS: All compounds showed inhibition profiles on the two species Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv. and Avena fatua L. The most marked effects were caused by 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA, 6F‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA, 6Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA and 6Cl‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA. The IC₅₀ values for the systems Echinochloa crus‐galli–Oryza sativa and Avena fatua–Triticum aestivum for all compounds were compared. The compound that showed the greatest selectivity for the system Echinochloa crus‐galli–Oryza sativa was 8Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA, which was 15 times more selective than the commercial herbicide propanil (Cotanil‐35). With regard to the system Avena fatua–Triticum aestivum, the compounds that showed the highest selectivities were 8Cl‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA and 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA. The results obtained for 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA are of great interest because of the high phytotoxicity to Avena fatua (IC₅₀ = 6 µM , r² = 0.9616). CONCLUSION: The in vitro phytotoxicity profiles and selectivities shown by the compounds described here make them candidates for higher‐level studies. 8Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA for the system Echinochloa crus‐galli‐Oryza sativa and 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA for Avena fatua‐Triticum aestivum were the most interesting compounds. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

水稻抗条纹叶枯病鉴定方法的研究

鉴于国内至今尚无水稻条纹叶枯病品种抗性鉴定标准的现状,本文分别研究了接种时间、接种强度与水稻接种苗龄3因素对抗性鉴定的影响。结果表明水稻条纹叶枯病的适合抗性鉴定方法应为：接种时间48～72 h, 接种强度2～6头/株和水稻接种龄期0.5～1.5叶龄。以本研究结果为基础制定了水稻条纹叶枯病品种抗性鉴定的江苏省地方标准。     

樱桃番茄新品种钱江红珠的选育

钱江红珠是以X1R为母本、KY-10-1为父本配制而成的杂交1代樱桃番茄新品种.该品种属无限生长型,中熟,生长势强.果实长圆,大红色,大小均匀,单果质量16～18 g,硬度好,耐贮运,春季667 m2平均产量5000 kg左右,抗TMV(Tobacco mosaic virus),中抗CMV(Cucumber mosa...     

水稻糙米粒宽性状的QTL定位研究

利用由怀香B和筒恢211配制的F2群体进行糙米粒宽基因的QTL定位,定位到了2个粒宽基因的QTLs,其中有1个新的QTLs.有1个增效基因为主效基因,解释的表型变异高达20.2%.研究表明,所利用的F2群体的糙米粒宽可能主要是由1个主效QTL所控制.     

不同野生稻居群DREB1B启动子的克隆与进化分析

根据Genbank所公布OsDREBIB的启动子序列设计引物,从12个不同普通野生稻居群和2个主要栽培稻亚种(籼、粳)克隆DREBIB启动子序列.结果表明,该启动子绝大部分区域都非常保守,存在1个AGC重复序列,若含有5个AGC重复,重复序列后第16个碱基为A,若含有6个或7个AGC重复,此位点碱基为T,并且在启动子中发现几个逆境相关的顺式作用元件.进化树分析表明,同一地域分布的居群存在相近的进化关系,但也受海拔等因素的影响.     

稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯的效果及技术

宜昌市于2007秋在枝江市示范种植稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯36.67 hm2举办核心示范样板3.33 hm2.平均每公顷产鲜薯19695 kg、纯收入19997.4元,整个示范区平均每公顷纯收入15000元以上,其主要栽培要点是备好种薯、适时播种、施足底肥、保证密度、盖好稻草、精心田管、搞好化调.     

杂交中稻应用配方推荐施肥的增产效果

为了提高农民施肥水平,对杂交中稻进行了习惯施肥与2种推荐施肥的对比试验。结果表明：杂交中稻配方推荐施肥处理较习惯施肥增产1 507.5 kg/hm^2,增收2 412元/hm^2,增产率为22.2%;而增施硅肥可增产135.0 kg/hm^2,增产率为1.6%,增产效果不显著。配方推荐施肥经济效益显著,可大面积推广应用。     

河南省优质旱稻高产栽培技术

从品种选用、种子处理、化学除草、平衡施肥、合理灌溉和病虫害综合防治等方面,介绍了河南旱稻高产栽培技术体系。     

水稻粒宽突变体gw87的基因定位及候选基因分析

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江汉平原盛夏低温过程对中稻结实的影响

为了解异常温度变化过程对农业生产的危害,采用作物与气象要素平行观测分析法初步分析了近10 a江汉平原盛夏低温过程对处于穗始分化期至灌浆期的中稻结实的影响.结果表明,若期间日平均气温24 h降幅达5℃以上,或多日连续降幅达7℃以上,其空秕率可达15%或以上,而且有降幅越大空秕率越高的趋势.