金苍林场蒙古栎天然中龄林竞争关系研究

以吉林省汪清林业局金仓林场2块面积为0.25 hm2的蒙古栎天然中龄林固定样地为对象,采用8个竞争指标,研究蒙古栎天然林种内、种间竞争状态。研究结果表明,该林分竞争激烈,蒙古栎与其他各树种存在种间竞争,但其主要竞争压力来自种内,种外竞争压力主要来自黑桦与白桦。其它树种的竞争主要为种间竞争。蒙古栎竞争能力处于中等,白桦与黑桦最强。各竞争指标结果存在差异性,但均能反映蒙古栎天然林竞争状态。蒙古栎竞争强度与胸径存在幂函数关系,竞争强度随个体大小的增大而减小。     

外来入侵杂草黄顶菊与棉花的竞争作用

 研究了外来入侵杂草黄顶菊不同密度、不同共生期对棉花生长的影响,结果表明当黄顶菊密度达0.5株·m^-1行长以上时,棉花现蕾期明显推迟,茎秆变细、果枝数、蕾铃数等产量因子显著降低,但株高、4 m行长棉株数和纤维品质未受明显影响;黄顶菊与棉花共生期达4周以上,棉花主茎直径明显下降,共生期达8周以上棉花产量显著降低。由此得出,黄顶菊对棉花具有较强的入侵性和竞争性,应在密度低于0.5株·m^-1行长、共生期达8周前进行防除,初步确定其棉田防除经济阈值为0.25株·m^-1行长。     

The vertical distribution of fine roots of five tree species and maize in Morogoro,Tanzania

In order to assess the possibility of root competition in agroforestry, the vertical distribution of fine roots (< 2 mm in diameter) of five tree species in pure two-year-old stands was compared to that of mature maize.Cassia siamea, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leucaena leucocephala andProsopis chilensis had a rooting pattern similar to that of maize, i.e. a slow decline in fine root mass from 0–100 cm soil depth.Eucalyptus camaldulensis had its roots evenly distributed down to 100 cm. On an average, the fine root biomass of the tree species was roughly twice as that of the maize. We conclude that the studied tree species are likely to compete with maize and other crops with a similar rooting pattern for nutrients and water.     

提高农民市场竞争力的思考

从提高农民素质和农民市场竞争力的角度,论述了提高农民市场竞争力是发展市场经济,由传统农业向现代农业转变,应对入世参与国际市场竞争,转移农村劳力,提高非农化水平和走向知识农业的必然要求。提出要确立"科学技术是第一生产力"、"人是生产力中最具有决定性的力量"的意识,重视和加强农技推广和职业技能培训及再就业援助。     

林木竞争对臭冷杉生物量分配的影响

用不同高度树干直径建立并比较臭冷杉各器官生物量方程,分析林木竞争对臭冷杉地上、地下生物量分配的影响。结果表明:臭冷杉不同高度树干直径中,胸径是预测各器官生物量的最可靠变量;利用不同高度树干直径建立各器官生物量方程均会高估小个体样木(直径≤10cm)的生物量,并且随着直径增大,预测误差也随之增大;臭冷杉地上生物量与地下生物量的比值(T/R)与树木年龄、单株生物量、整株生物量年均生长率及树高年均生长率间均没有显著相关性(P>0.05);随着竞争增强,臭冷杉树干生物量占单株生物量的比例逐渐减小,枝叶生物量比例逐渐增大,而粗根生物量比例则基本保持不变;胸径年均生长率、树高年均生长率及单株生物量年均生长率均随着竞争强度增大逐渐减小,而T/R值并不受林木竞争的影响。     

苏北麦田野燕麦与麦类作物生存竞争现象研究

对苏北麦田野燕麦（ＡｖｅｕａｆａｔｎａＬ．）与麦类作物生存竞争现象的观察结果表明，混生在一起的麦类作物与野燕麦，在初始群体基本相同的公平竞争条件下，麦类作物的生存竞争能力超过野燕麦，两者的生存有竞争现象自分蘖开始时已出现；随着生育进程的推移日趋尖锐，至拔节抽穗期达到高峰，麦类作物的相对竞争力在出苗分蘖期是野燕麦的１～２倍，返青拔期是野燕麦２～３倍，至抽穗成熟期达到３～４倍。作者还发现，麦类作物在种     

基于市场占有率分析的区域农业竞争力研究

根据统计资料运用模型对中国区域农业竞争力进行实证研究,对市场优势和竞争优势进行了排名。结果显示,各省市之间市场优势和竞争优势的排名不是完全一致的。     

Characterization and quantitative assessment of interspecific and intraspecific penetration of below-ground vegetation by cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) rhizomes

Cogongrass ( Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.), an invasive C4 perennial grass, negatively influences native plant communities by forming dense monotypic stands that alter ecosystem properties and lower local species diversity. A hypothesized mechanism by which cogongrass achieves competitive dominance is a novel use of below-ground vegetative disturbance of neighboring vegetation (i.e. puncturing). However, very little empirical evidence is found in the peer-reviewed literature to quantify this phenomenon, much less establish it as a true form of competitive interaction. The present field study was conducted to quantify the occurrence of rhizome-mediated, below-ground vegetative penetration, both interspecifically and intraspecifically, document how this phenomenon is influenced by spatial location relative to the cogongrass stand, and determine the role that above-ground and below-ground biomass might have in the process. Analyses of 100 sod samples indicated that rhizome-mediated, below-ground vegetative penetration is a much larger intraspecific phenomenon than an interspecific one. The data also strongly suggested spatial location as a significant factor, with most penetrations occurring in the interior of a cogongrass stand as opposed to the advancing border. Significant correlations between rhizome-mediated, below-ground vegetative penetration and above-ground cogongrass biomass were found in the overall plot analysis and most strongly in the advancing border of the cogongrass stands.     

基于营养竞争原理的大豆根腐病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及其特性研究

利用营养竞争平板筛选法获得了可在大豆麦麸(SWB)培养基上快速生长并拮抗大豆根腐病菌Fusarium oxysporum和F.solani的芽孢杆菌菌株B006和B010。通过16S rDNA序列分析、形态观察和生理生化性状测定,将其鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。田间小区试验结果表明,以种子处理(108cfu/mL,药种比为1∶60)和以麦麸为载体的固体菌剂土壤沟施(106cfu/g,用量195 kg/ha)B006和B010菌剂对真叶期大豆根腐病的防治效果分别为74.6%和63.5%,高于商品化学农药35%多福合剂种子处理的防效(P=0.05),大豆产量分别增加13.8%和24.0%。利用特异引物对生防功能基因的扩增结果表明,bmyB、fenD、bioA和srfAA基因以及srfAB基因簇的片段在2个菌株中均存在,而ituC基因仅存在于B010菌株中。对菌株生防功能基因的分析有助于今后高效菌株的快速筛选和对生防菌作用机制的研究。