楼房式肉食综合体智能管理系统

为确定肉食综合体项目现实意义,分析了河南省南阳市内乡县楼房式肉食综合体工艺设计及其生产流程,结果表明内乡县畜牧经济已实现由要素驱动型增长向经济创新型发展.内乡县肉食综合体的建设加强了内乡县经济发展要素保障,初步解决了内乡县区域经济发展瓶颈问题,确定了现代生猪产业发展的新走向.     

Livestock water productivity in mixed crop–livestock farming systems of the Blue Nile basin: Assessing variability and prospects for improvement

Water scarcity is a major factor limiting food production. Improving Livestock Water Productivity (LWP) is one of the approaches to address those problems. LWP is defined as the ratio of livestock’s beneficial outputs and services to water depleted in their production. Increasing LWP can help achieve more production per unit of water depleted. In this study we assess the spatial variability of LWP in three farming systems (rice-based, millet-based and barley-based) of the Gumera watershed in the highlands of the Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. We collected data on land use, livestock management and climatic variables using focused group discussions, field observation and secondary data. We estimated the water depleted by evapotranspiration (ET) and beneficial animal products and services and then calculated LWP. Our results suggest that LWP is comparable with crop water productivity at watershed scales. Variability of LWP across farming systems of the Gumera watershed was apparent and this can be explained by farmers’ livelihood strategies and prevailing biophysical conditions. In view of the results there are opportunities to improve LWP: improved feed sourcing, enhancing livestock productivity and multiple livestock use strategies can help make animal production more water productive. Attempts to improve agricultural water productivity, at system scale, must recognize differences among systems and optimize resources use by system components.     

基于Web的农机选型智能决策支持系统设计

根据农业机械在农业生产中的应用,结合计算机网络技术,设计了基于Web的农业机器选型智能决策支持系统;同时,阐述了其设计目标及原理,讨论和分析了系统的体系结构,给出了系统的4个主要功能模块,并确定了系统的总体结构。     

温室环境控制系统的MPT智能算法

针对温室环境的大滞后、多输入、多输出、非线性和难以建立数学模型等特点,对传统的PID算法进行改进,并加入自适应控制、模糊控制和专家自整定等智能控制功能,建立了MPT智能控制算法.在论域内用不同控制方式分段控制,当偏差大于某一域值时,根据操态选择模糊控制,不存在抗饱和积分问题,使用模糊控制规则确定输出;当偏差减小到域值以下时,切换转入MPT算法控制,减小响应过程中的超调,并最终消除余差.该算法具有无超调、控制精度高和鲁棒性强等特点..     

物料悬浮速度测试方法研究

悬浮速度是物料空气动力学的一个重要参数,一直是从事物料特性研究者关心的问题。但是国内外对物料悬浮速度测试的研究一直很少,主要以简单的机械机构控制和理论计算测试为主,存在着操作繁琐、计算复杂、数据误差大等缺点。为此,重点对比分析了几种物料悬浮速度测试方法的测试原理与特点,旨在为相关研究提供参考。     

基于粗糙集的属性约简算法在农业机械中的应用

传统的利用区分矩阵进行属性约简算法,其时间复杂度和空间复杂度很大.近年来提出了各种启发式算法,其时间复杂度由原来指数级递增降到了平方级递增,但此算法并不能保证找到最优解.为此,提出了属性约简的改进算法,其在时间复杂度和空间复杂度上都降低很多,易于求出最优解.把此算法用于对一款农业机械的评估判断和规则提取,用VC++和SQL Server 2000进行实现,并通过专家数据验证其正确性.     

Tracking change in a human‐dominated landscape: developing conservation guidelines using freshwater fish

• 1. To conserve biodiversity in a human‐dominated landscape, a science‐based inventory and monitoring plan is needed that quantifies existing resources, isolates drivers that maintain natural communities, determines harmful stressors, and links ecological drivers and human stressors. A tactical approach is proposed for conservation planning using freshwater fish at the Cape Cod National Seashore.
• 2. Freshwater fish are well studied and occur across environmental gradients. The lentic systems at the national park are relatively pristine yet are enveloped by a region of high population density. Using fish community data, three steps were taken for tracking anthropogenic impacts in a human dominated landscape. First, fish and potential drivers were sampled intensively along a gradient to determine which fish metrics reflect natural communities and which abiotic and biotic factors structure them. Second, emerging and existing regional human threats were identified. Third, these human threats were linked to the potential drivers that maintain natural communities to identify the most informative metrics to monitor and track change.
• 3. Fish communities, water quality, habitat, and food resources were sampled concurrently in 18 ponds in 1999 and 2000. Three common fish species explained 98% of variation in numbers across systems. Based on ecological relationships, pH, depth, vegetation, prey, and community complexity were determined to maintain biodiversity of freshwater fish communities.
• 4. The primary human threats here included: development‐related, land‐use changes; non‐point source pollution; eutrophication from septic systems; and introduced species that are a byproduct of high human visitation. These are common threats in many rapidly urbanized areas and are likely to have relevance to many sites.
• 5. To track the impact of emerging threats to freshwater ponds related to increased human population, monitoring changes in water quality, vegetated habitat, fish diversity, and trophic interactions are recommended.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Trawling for cephalopods off the Portuguese coast—Fleet dynamics and landings composition

Fleet dynamics was addressed for three cephalopod taxa of commercial interest, the squid Loligo vulgaris, the octopuses Octopus vulgaris and Eledone cirrhosa, and the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, for 48 trawlers of the fish trawling fleet. Landing profiles (LP) were identified based on the species composition of the landings using hierarchical cluster analysis. Four out of a total of 12 different LP were related to cephalopods and other species associated with them.The effects on the landing proportions of a number of variables, year, season and vessel, are analysed for each of the species studied using generalized linear models (GLM). The factor “vessel”, including an ensemble of technical characteristics as well as the abilities of individual skippers, explained most of the model deviance, strongly reinforcing the existence of a fleet component dedicated to catch cephalopods. However, time also explains much of the variation found in the data.Seasonal alternation between landings of octopodidae and cuttlefish was observed within a small group of old trawlers operating mainly off the south coast, following the abundance cycles of these species. For a larger group of more modern trawlers, operating off the western coast, inter-annual shift between octopus and squid was found, together with a well marked seasonal pattern between the catches of cephalopods and horse mackerel.Spatial patterns of activity were identified using vessel monitoring system (VMS) data available for trawlers in Portugal, demonstrating the existence of cephalopod targeting strategies in Portuguese fish trawling activities.     

联合分析法在混合动力汽车产品定位中的应用研究

从消费者购买决策角度出发,利用联合分析法,构建我国市场A级混合动力汽车属性与水平模型,分析消费者购买混合动力汽车时赋予不同属性的相时重要性及属性水平的效用值,并模拟产品组合市场占有率情况,从而为混合动力汽车产品定位提供依据.     

基于PLC控制的十字路口交通灯信号系统

根据十字路口交通灯的控制要求,采用PLC设计实现正常交通的时序控制.通过传感器完成对交通异常状况的智能判别及处理.在系统的设计中,主要使用了PLC可编程序控制器和传感器相结合的一种智能控制方法,使用压轴式传感器采集车辆脉冲.用PLC高速计数嚣对脉冲进行计数.根据取得的数据运用一定的智能控制原则自动调节红绿灯的时间长度.最大限度地减少车辆滞留现象,较好地解决了车流量不均衡、不稳定问题.理论结果表明.该系统设计方案可以达到预期目标.