浅谈县级农机校的改革与发展

本文结合山东省荷泽市各县农机校的实际情况，就县级农机校如何改革与发展谈了一些自己的看法。     

甘蔗害虫综合防治研究

1981—1984年广东省开展甘蔗害虫综合防治研究、试验、示范。采取“以农业防治为基础,释放赤眼蜂防治蔗螟;科学用药,保护天敌,充分发挥天敌自然控制多种害虫的作用”。在10万亩大面积上,收到到了显著的经济效益、生态效益和环境保护效益。     

电子商务环境下大型饲料企业商业模式的创新发展

我国饲料产业是一个涉及农业、畜牧业以及服务业的传统产业,长久发展中具有比较完善的产业链,同时也具有相对固定的商业模式。饲料生产企业一般在产业经济中起重要作用。但由于近几年电子商务发展迅速,饲料企业传统商业模式发生较大变化,而且由于价值链单向流动,产业发展稳定性受到威胁,导致饲料企业在发展中遇到诸多挑战。为了更好的发展,饲料企业在电子商务环境下必须要积极实施商业模式改革创新,积极拓展新的盈利途径,选择适合自身发展的商业模式。本文主要分析电子商务环境下大型饲料企业商业模式的创新措施。     

The Effect of Treatment With Ulocladium Atrum on Botrytis Cinerea-attack of Geranium (Pelargonium Zonale) Stock Plants and Cuttings

In two successive seasons, the effect of treatment of geranium stock plants with the competitive saprophytic fungus Ulocladium atrum as a biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea was compared to a fungicide treatment with Euparene M. B. cinerea incidence and severity on the stock plants, B. cinerea spore load in the air around stock plants and death of cuttings due to B. cinerea were scored. B. cinerea incidence and severity were much stronger in the second than the first experiment. This was quantitatively expressed by higher numbers of conidia of B. cinerea monitored in the second than the first year, both on necrotic (a maximum for the control of 27.5 × 10⁶ spores per sample - all necrotic leaves of five plants - in experiment 1 against 86 × 10⁶ in experiment 2) and green leaves, but numbers of conidia of B. cinerea recovered from the air were only slightly different. The death rate of cuttings was moderate in the first and extremely high in the second experiment. For the fungicide treatment, maximum sample values of 7% and 76% of 6-week old cuttings were killed in the first and the second experiment respectively. Treatment with U. atrum was effective in reducing all parameters studied. With the exception of the spore load of B. cinerea in the air and the success of cuttings, the effect of U. atrum varied from as good as the fungicide to half as effective. In the first trial, only Euparene M reduced spore load in the air, in the second trial only U. atrum consistently did so. In the first trial U. atrum reduced death of 4-week old cuttings, though less than fungicide (1.2, 20 and 38% killed with fungicide treatment, U. atrum treatment and control respectively). In the second trial only the fungicide reduced loss of cuttings. The impact of the data on the integration of U. atrum in a control system of B. cinerea in geranium is discussed.     

Biology and integrated pest management for the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) is the most important insect pest of bananas and plantains (Musa spp.). The larvae bore in the corm, reducing nutrient uptake and weakening the stability of the plant. Attack in newly planted banana stands can lead to crop failure. In established fields, weevil damage can result in reduced bunch weights, mat die-out and shortened stand life. Damage and yield losses tend to increase with time. This paper reviews the research on the taxonomy, distribution, biology, pest status, sampling methods, and integrated pest management (IPM) of banana weevil. Salient features of the weevil's biology include nocturnal activity, long life span, limited mobility, low fecundity, and slow population growth. The adults are free living and most often associated with banana mats and cut residues. They are attracted to their hosts by volatiles, especially following damage to the plant corm. Males produce an aggregation pheromone that is attractive to both sexes. Eggs are laid in the corm or lower pseudostem. The immature stages are all passed within the host plant, mostly in the corm. The weevil's biology creates sampling problems and makes its control difficult. Most commonly, weevils are monitored by trapping adults, mark and recapture methods and damage assessment to harvested or dead plants. Weevil pest status and control options reflect the type of banana being grown and the production system. Plantains and highland bananas are more susceptible to the weevil than dessert or brewing bananas. Banana production systems range from kitchen gardens and small, low-input stands to large-scale export plantations. IPM options for banana weevils include habitat management (cultural controls), biological control, host plant resistance, botanicals, and (in some cases) chemical control. Cultural controls have been widely recommended but data demonstrating their efficacy are limited. The most important are clean planting material in new stands, crop sanitation (especially destruction of residues), agronomic methods to improve plant vigour and tolerance to weevil attack and, possibly, trapping. Tissue culture plantlets, where available, assure the farmer with weevil-free material. Suckers may be cleaned by paring, hot water treatment and/or the applications of entomopathogens, neem, or pesticides. None of these methods assure elimination of weevils. Adult weevils may also invade from nearby plantations. As a result, the benefits of clean planting material may be limited to a few crop cycles. Field surveys suggest that reduced weevil populations may be associated with high levels of crop sanitation, yet definitive studies on residue management and weevil pest status are wanting. Trapping of adult weevils with pseudostem or corm traps can reduce weevil populations, but material and labour requirements may be beyond the resources of many farmers. The use of enhanced trapping with pheromones and kairomones is currently under study. A combination of clean planting material, sanitation, and trapping is likely to provide at least partial control of banana weevil.Classical biological control of banana weevil, using natural enemies from Asia, has so far been unsuccessful. Most known arthropod natural enemies are opportunistic, generalist predators with limited efficacy. Myrmicine ants have been reported to help control the weevil in Cuba, but their effects elsewhere are unknown. Microbial control, using entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes tend to be more promising. Effective strains of microbial agents are known but economic mass production and delivery systems need further development.     

柑桔溃疡病综合防治研究

1985-1989年研究结果表明:14%胶氨铜水剂是目前防治柑桔溃疡病较理想的杀菌剂,效果略超过常规农药波尔多液;溃疡病药剂防治适期是春、夏、秋梢的梢长分别为4-5、6-7、5-6cm时,以及果实横径为0.8-1.0、1.8-2.0、2.8~3.0cm时。重病园用单一防治措施无法奏效,综合防治可有效地降低发病程度,提高果实产量、品质及增加经济效益。     

兽药科技创新发展趋势和对策研究

分析了兽药科技创新发展中存在的问题,研究了农业转型升级进程中兽药科技创新的方向和重点领域,提出创新兽药科技体制机制,创新发展模式,创新用药理念,创新疫病诊断、防控技术和产品的概念,为预防、控制、净化和消灭动物疫病提供"优质、高效、安全"的技术和产品。     

广西近十年柑橘黄龙病综合防控成效与经验

柑橘黄龙病是柑橘生产上的毁灭性病害之一.有效防控柑橘黄龙病是黄龙病疫区柑橘生产中最重要的任务.近十年,广西省致力于在全省范国内实施柑橘黄龙病综合防控,并在此过程中获得了很多有用且宝贵的经验.通过近十年柑橘黄龙病综合防控的实施,广西柑橘产业规模从全国第七位跃居全国第二位.本文主要介绍并分享广西近十年柑橘黄龙病综合防控中取得的成效和经验.