结构整体设计及部件设计

通过对工程设计人员应重视结构整体设计及部件设计的论述,阐述了设计的责任和重要性。     

昆明市2个住宅区樟树经营管理效益成本分析

2005年对昆明市金康园和市政府2个住宅区樟树的分布数量、各类生长指标进行调查,借助美国DAVIS城市森林研究中心的相关基础数据,对樟树阻滞尘埃、减少地表径流、吸收CO2等方面的综合效益及抚育管理的综合成本进行了计算、分析.结果表明,该树种在2个住宅区所产生的综合效益价值分别为5 064.6元和25 609.3元,投入的管理成本分别为3 093.5元和11 926.2元,效益成本比分别为1.6和2.15,即市政府住宅区种植的樟树2005年所产生的综合效益以及效益成本之比都大于金康园住宅区.藉此对樟树今后在昆明市住宅区绿化中的应用及抚育管理方案提出建议.     

漯河市园林植物主要刺吸类害虫及综合防治技术

漯河市17科25种园林植物主要刺吸类害虫,阐述其综合防治技术,以期达到对刺吸类害虫“预防为主、科学防控”的目标。     

基于森林可持续经营标准的我国东北地区森林监测指标分析

对森林进行综合监测已经成为了一种趋势,而建立监测指标体系是一项重要的基础性工作。东北地区是我国的主要国有林区。为了探索建立东北国有林区的森林综合监测指标体系,文中根据该地区林业的具体情况,选择相关的森林可持续经营标准进行分析,明确了这些标准对于森林综合监测指标的要求。     

Effect of shade on biomass accumulation and partitioning for Eucalyptus camaldulensis sprouts

ABSTRACT

Eucalyptus is widely cultivated in homogeneous monocultures throughout the world alongside plants of the same age. Furthermore, the productivity of forest stands is highly dependent on how solar radiation is intercepted and used. Meanwhile, it is possible to consider cultivating trees of different ages in the same area, and thus under different regimes of available solar radiation, creating a sequence of plantings and harvestings and to develop Eucalyptus-based agroforestry systems. We have examined biomass accumulation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis along a shade gradient. Eucalyptus trees presented power-law responses to increasing irradiance for biomass, indicating it has low plasticity and is unable to maintain growth under lower irradiance levels. Biomass partitioning showed no dependence on available irradiation. Leaf density presented very little increase toward sunnier places meaning that an increment in Eucalyptus biomass would be mostly due to its increase in size and thus higher radiation interception. Careful management of shade will be a key consideration for the integration of Eucalyptus into agroforestry. With knowledge of the growth habits of different species, we will have the potential to propose more perennial ways in which to manage land and reduce anthropogenic disturbances by avoiding clear-cuts of areas that removes all plant structures.     

Chapter 10. Mapping Ecological Attributes Using an Integrated Vegetation Classification System Approach

Summary

Land managers need vegetation maps to inventory, monitor, and manage ecological resources across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Current vegetation maps usually only describe one vegetation characteristic, such as cover types, across the landscape. Although these maps provide important information for land management, they often fall short of addressing key issues like forest health and ecosystem management. In this paper we present an integrated approach where three different vegetation classifications are used in concert to spatially characterize many ecological attributes such as snag densities, insect susceptibility, and fire behavior across the landscape. Two examples from the Pacific Northwest are used to illustrate how this approach can be used to describe fuel characteristics and resource hazard across multiple scales.     

An Interdisciplinary Approach to Natural Resources Conservation

Abstract

Conservation of species, protected areas, and natural resources requires appropriate problem-solving strategies. An interdisciplinary problem-solving strategy is introduced requiring users to ask and answer three basic questions about any management or policy process. Is it reasonable? Is it politically practical? And is it morally justified? Concepts needed to ask and answer these questions in an interdisciplinary way are given, explained, and illustrated using Baird's tapir in Costa Rica as an example. As well, problem solvers must understand and account for their own standpoint or role in conservation. Finally, users of this approach must integrate all their knowledge about these three questions and their standpoint into an overall judgment that they are willing to take conservation action on and responsibility for. Use of this interdisciplinary approach is expected to improve conservation process and outcomes.     

Cross-Sectoral Policy Linkages and Environmental Accounting in Forestry

Abstract

It is important to analyze cross-sectoral policy linkages and to quantify their effects by using the system of integrated environmental and economic accounting in order to ensure effective integration of forestry into national development. This paper reviews relevant policy linkages in the forestry sector, policy applications of forestry accounts, and challenges to their implementation. It argues for the need to develop regional or local accounting methods providing social, environmental, and economic data to allow assessment of the combined impacts of different public policies. It emphasizes the urgency of strengthening the management capacity of public agencies in dealing with complex policy networks addressing sustainable and multifunctional forest management.     

Emerging Markets for Ecosystem Services

Abstract

Four main areas of learning were pursued during this exploration of die emerging markets for ecosystem services. First, die markets in Panama are dominated by the Panama Canal Authority and by timber revenues. Any strategy for expanding ecosystem services markets will have to reflect diese realities. Second, while the scientific and business components of die framework we used to analyze diese markets covered all the key points, more work needs to be done on die policy component. Articulating a simple, yet effective approach for developing policy recommendations to improve ecosystem services markets in context remains a key need. Third, valuable lessons were learned about ensuring tiiat the students capture die maximum benefits from an international, clinically-based field trip. Finally, interdisciplinary teaching/ research benefits dramatically from botii a focus on a single problem and recognition that the key challenge is turning complex scientific knowledge into accessible, good advice.     

独立学院生物技术综合实验教学改革的探索与实践

对独立学院生物技术综合实验课程的教学内容体系、教学模式、实验考核体系等方面存在的问题进行了分析,采取了相关的改革措施,并取得了一定的成效,为独立学院的实验教学提供有益参考。