几种绢丝昆虫遗传多样性的RAPD研究

选用重复性较好的 10个引物对 6种绢丝昆虫 2 3个个体进行扩增 ,共得到 2 45个RAPD标记。RAPD分析结果表明 :家蚕及野桑蚕种内各品种材料的遗传距离较大 ,天蚕、蓖麻蚕及柞蚕较小 ;家蚕与野桑蚕两者之间遗传距离小 ,反映出家蚕和野桑蚕亲缘关系较近 ;而天蚕、蓖麻蚕和柞蚕三者之间以及分别与家蚕和野桑蚕之间的遗传距离较大 ,亲缘关系远。聚类分析的结果与之相同。并且对家蚕的起源及绢丝昆虫遗传多样性的保护利用做了探讨。     

山西南部山地白羊草群落的数量分类和排序

在样方调查的基础上，应用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)对山西南部山地白羊草群落进行了研究。TWINSPAN等级分类将62个样方分为17类，分类结果反映了植物群落类型与环境梯度之间的关系，并在DCA二线排序图上得到了较好的验证。DCA排序第一轴基本上反映了土壤含水量的变化梯度，第二轴基本上反映了土壤质地的变化梯度。种的DCA排序结果证明对群落生境有明显的指示作用，能客观反映群落的生境特征。     

退牧还草改善草地生态环境

针对青海省草地生态环境趋于恶化的实际状况,提出退牧还草,改善草地生态环境建议和措施一是种植优良牧草,建立高产优质的人工草地;二是发展牧区二、三产业,搞好畜牧业服务体系建设;三是大力推广使用优质饲料产品;四是压缩非生产畜,缓解草场压力,走高效畜牧业路子;开展草地生态综合治理.     

The occurrence of summer mastitis in Jutland (Denmark) in relation to meteorological factors

Data for incidence of summer mastitis in 14 veterinary practices in Jutland (Denmark) were related to meteorological factors using statistical methods. A correlation and regression analysis showed that summer mastitis occurred earlier in years with high temperature and precipitation in early summer. The annual number of cases markedly increased over the years 1953 to 1980. This increase was described by applying a linear increase with with year to a logarithmic transformation of the annual incidence.Analysis of 10-day incidences from the veterinary practices and daily incidence from a test site at St. Vildmose (Jutland) showed that incidence of summer mastitis could be related to temperature and wind velocity within the previous 10 days. High temperature and low wind velocity in this period increase the incidence. This indicates that the incubation period of summer mastitis is at maximum about 10 days. The activity of the fly (Hydrotaea irritans Fall), which acts as mechanical vector for the bacteria is influenced by temperature and wind velocity. This may explain the variation in incidence of summer mastitis during the season and from year to year.     

湘中紫色页岩区芦竹生物量及养分分布规律研究

对湘中紫色页岩区芦竹的生物量和养分分布进行初步研究.结果表明:当年生芦竹杆(含叶)养分含量高于多年生,因此不宜砍伐利用当年生芦竹杆;根茎养分含量较高,是系统中良好的养分贮存库.一年生、二年生、五年生、八年生芦竹的生物量分别为293.00、5258.29、6746.87和480.86 kg.hm-2.     

论农业生态学及其发展趋势

农业生态学是研究农业生物与农业环境之间相互关系及其作用机理和变化规律的农业应用学科。它在促进农业可持续发展等方面起着基础作用、综合作用、带动作用、关键作用和渗透作用。农业生态学的发展经历了萌芽期、产生期、发展期 ,目前已迈入完善期。新世纪农业生态学应朝着以下方面发展 :(1 )研究方法上 ,加强实验研究 ;(2 )实践应用上 ,强调实用性和可操作性 ;(3 )理论研究上 ,深化农业应用基础研究 ;(4 )技术体系上 ,突出系统性、完整性和创新性 ;(5 )硬件建设上 ,加大投入力度 ;(6)软件环境上 ,加强农业生态教育、增强生态意识、提高生态素质 ;(7)人才培养上 ,大力培养具有创新意识和实践能力的复合人才。     

树冠节肢动物多样性研究进展

树冠是动物栖息的理想场所之一。该文综述了树冠节肢动物的种群结构和物种多样性、树冠附生植物和树干皮等节肢动物区系,同时对日本红雪松、美国水青冈、北美黄杉和异叶铁杉等代表树种树冠的节肢动物种类组成进行报道。树冠分布的主要节肢动物有蜘蛛、昆虫和螨类,其中绝大多数为昆虫,其食性主要为植食性、腐食性、捕食性和寄生性      

Comparative laboratory evaluation of the acute and chronic toxicology of diflubenzuron,hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron against II instar desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The acute and chronic toxicities of three benzoylphenyl ureas, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron were assessed under laboratory conditions against two-day-old second (II) instar Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (ForskÅl) nymphs. Following exposure by ingestion of a single precise dose applied to short pieces of spring barley, nymphs were monitored for two moults until the fourth (IV) instar. Analysis of acute response data gave three significantly different LD₅₀ statistics (P < 0·05), 68·0, 26·6 and 0·71 μg per nymph respectively for diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron. The probit regression slopes also differed significantly, indicating distinct tolerance distributions for the three compounds, the narrowest response being to diflubenzuron and the widest range of response being to teflubenzuron. The timing of death was found to vary between the compounds; most nymphs died during the first moult following treatment with either hexaflumuron or teflubenzuron. However, the majority of nymphs that died after exposure to diflubenzuron did so after completing the first moult after treatment, but before the second. The mean development times of nymphs during the II and especially third (III) instars were significantly longer (P < 0·05) than those of the controls following exposure to diflubenzuron and hexaflumuron. Teflubenzuron had no significant effect (P < 0·05) on the duration of the II instar. The potential of the three compounds to control S. gregaria populations in the field is discussed with particular reference to the timing and nature of acute and chronic responses.     

西伯利亚龟象取食对荞麦不同抗感品种生化物质的影响

为探讨抗虫和感虫荞麦品种对西伯利亚龟象Rhinoncus sibiricus取食的反应, 选择抗虫品种‘蒙0207’‘晋苦6’和感虫品种‘蒙0208’‘晋苦2’, 研究害虫不同程度(轻度、中度和重度)取食情况下, 荞麦叶片中营养物质(可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖)和次生代谢物质(单宁、总酚和类黄酮)含量, 防御酶［过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)］以及蛋白酶抑制剂［胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)、胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂(CI)］活性的变化, 以及西伯利亚龟象体内主要解毒酶活性的变化。结果表明, 西伯利亚龟象取食48 h后, 各处理组荞麦叶片中可溶性性蛋白、可溶性糖、单宁、总酚和类黄酮的含量以及PAL、CAT、TI、CI活性均有增加。在供试的4个荞麦品种中, 抗虫品种被取食后可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量上升幅度较感虫品种更大, 感虫品种被取食后单宁含量,PAL、TI、CI活性上升幅度较抗虫品种更大。在不同取食程度下, 抗虫品种中的TI和CI活性均显著高于感虫品种。西伯利亚龟象成虫取食抗虫荞麦品种后体内羧酸酯酶(CarE)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)活性均显著高于取食感虫品种的个体。研究结果表明, 西伯利亚龟象取食能诱导荞麦抗虫性物质含量的变化, 但对荞麦抗性品种与感虫品种的影响不同。