数字环境下农业科研档案资源开发与发展路径

当前,农业科学技术研究档案面临数字经济带来的历史性变革.文章基于农业科研档案的内涵价值,探讨数字环境下农业科研档案创新发展的模式与路径.以深化农业科研档案资源价值为导向,分析应用数字技术解决传统农业科研档案数字化数据与现行数字农业科研档案融合管理的实践策略与技术方案.分别分析传统载体数字化数据与现行数字农业科研档案的优...     

西北地区生态保护与经济高质量发展耦合研究

【目的】构建西北地区生态保护与经济高质量发展综合评价指标体系,测度西北地区“生态-经济”系统耦合协调水平,为促进“生态-经济”系统及其要素协同共进提供对策建议。【方法】基于西北5省区2008—2020年的面板数据,运用熵值法与耦合协调度模型测算西北地区“生态-经济”系统耦合协调水平,利用聚类分析将西北地区“生态-经济”系统耦合程度划分为6个等级。【结果】西北地区“生态-经济”系统耦合协调度时序特征在考察期内稳定增长,协调水平逐步由轻度失调、低水平协调向优质协调过渡。空间特征表现在“生态-经济”系统耦合协调度呈现出陕西>甘肃>新疆>青海>宁夏的特征,西北5省区于2016—2020年间均达到并保持在V类基本协调水平,其中陕西于2020年率先进入Ⅵ类优质协调水平,宁夏和青海“生态-经济”系统耦合协调度波动增长。【结论】西北地区内部存在较强的空间异质性,应从内源创新、消费升级与政府推动3个方面完善西北地区“生态-经济”系统及其要素协同发展机制。     

Assessing the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis) stock in Maine, USA

The green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis) fishery is of great importance to Maine’s economy. The fishery took off in the late 1980s as a result of expanding export markets, but has experienced substantial decline in landings since 1992 because of large decreases in urchin stock abundance. Fishery-independent surveys have not been conducted, and no formal stock assessment has been done prior to this study. Using the data collected from the fishery and urchin life history parameters derived from scientific studies, we conducted a formal stock assessment for the urchin stock. A stochastic observation-error length-structured model is used to describe the dynamics of the sea urchin population. A robust Bayesian approach is used for estimating fishery parameters because of concerns of possible outliers in fisheries data and mis-specification of priors. This study shows that the current stock is only 10% of the virgin stock biomass and that the exploitation rate is close to 40% suggesting that a large reduction in exploitation rate is necessary.     

Patterns and impacts of fish bycatch in a scallop dredge fishery

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Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is often used as an index of relative abundance in fisheries stock assessments. However, the trends in nominal CPUE can be influenced by many factors in addition to stock abundance, including the choice of fishing location and target species, and environmental conditions. Consequently, catch and effort data are usually ‘standardized’ to remove the impact of such factors. Standardized CPUE for bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, caught by the Taiwanese distant-water longline fishery in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) for 1964–2004 were derived using three alternative approaches (GLM, GAM and the delta approach), and sensitivity was explored to whether catch-rates of yellowfin tuna and albacore tuna are included in the analyses. Year, latitude, and the catch-rate of yellowfin explained the most of the deviance (32–49%, depending on model configuration) and were identified consistently among methods, while trends in standardized catch-rate differed spatially. However, the trends in standardized catch-rates by area were found to be relatively insensitive to the approach used for standardization, including whether the catch-rates of yellowfin and albacore were included in the analyses.     

省级农业科研院所创新能力评价指标体系构建

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