三化螟预测模型的通径分析

利用1972-1988年三化螟发生的历史资料和气象资料,对影响因子进行相关分析,应用逐步判别分析的方法组建2代三化螟种群预测的判别模型。文中对判别模型进行通径分析的结果说明,2代三化螟种群预测系统的决定系数 R~2=0.9953,表明预报量的99.53％是由预测模型的全部7个预测因子所决定,尚有0.47％的预报量由未知因素所致,剩余通径系数 P_c=0.0684。经对历史资料的回报检验,该预测模型的判别率达到100％。经过1989和1990年实报。预报等级与实际发生量所代表的等级相符合。证实了2代三化螟种群预测模型预测因子的组成和结构符合预报的要求。     

基于规则的水资源模拟配置模型

针对区域性水资源系统结构复杂、要素繁多的系统特性,给出了适用于多水源、多工程、多用户的大型水资源系统的系统概化规则和模型计算原则。介绍了反映各种水源及工程供水特点的建模思路,并在配置规则的基础上建立了水资源模拟模型,该模型在河北省水资源合理配置中进行了实际应用,配置结果合理可靠。     

基于数据包络分析的土地整理项目规划方案评价

引入数据包络分析(DEA)方法,研究土地整理项目规划方案的相对有效性,建立基于DEA的方案评价模型。通过一个例子说明,将DEA方法引入方案评价模型,是解决土地整理规划方案评价的有效方法,是方法体系的一个创新。     

茶树GGPS基因家族的克隆、生物信息学和表达分析

牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶(Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase,GGPS)是萜类合成途径的结构酶,对植物生长发育具有重要意义。本研究通过RACE和RT-PCR方法克隆得到5条潜在的茶树GGPS序列,分别命名为CsGGPS1-4和CsGGPS9,其中CsGGPS9存在3条等位基因,分别是CsGGPS9-1、CsGGPS9-2和CsGGPS9-3,在系统进化树上与其他基因分成两支。蛋白质序列分析表明,茶树GGPS家族成员都具有polyprenyl_synt结构域,不存在信号肽序列。亚细胞定位预测结果显示,CsGGPS1、CsGGPS2和CsGGPS4定位在叶绿体上,CsGGPS3和CsGGPS9定位在线粒体上。通过Swiss Model进行三维建模,结合"three-floor"模型对茶树GGPS家族成员的功能进行预测,预测结果显示,CsGGPS1、CsGGPS2和CsGGPS4是GGPS;CsGGPS3是异源二聚体形式的牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶的小亚基;CsGGPS9的催化主产物是碳链数大于30的异戊烯基焦磷酸。q RT-PCR分析表明,CsGGPS1整体表达丰度较低,仅在一芽二叶中表达量稍高;CsGGPS2在茶树各个组织中均有表达,在花中表达量最高,且花发育过程中表达量先上升后下降;CsGGPS3在叶和幼根中的表达量高于花,花发育过程中表达平稳;CsGGPS4在茶树各个组织中表达量数值相近,在花发育过程中表达量变化趋势与CsGGPS2相同;CsGGPS9的表达量在成熟叶中显著低于幼嫩叶片。     

氮磷钾配施对多花黄精产量品质及养分吸收的影响

【目的】研究氮、磷、钾肥配施对多花黄精产量、有效成分含量和养分吸收的影响,揭示多花黄精的需肥规律,为多花黄精栽培提供理论依据。【方法】2018-2019年,采用“3414”试验方案,设置氮、磷、钾3个因子,每个因子4个水平,共计14个处理,测定不同处理多花黄精的产量、根茎多糖和皂苷含量以及地上部、地下部的N、P、K含量;采用回归分析法拟合氮、磷、钾肥施用量与多花黄精产量、根茎多糖间的肥料效应模型,使用频率分析法确定多花黄精的最佳推荐施肥量。【结果】氮、磷、钾肥配施能明显提高多花黄精的产量、根茎多糖和皂苷含量,在一定施肥区间内,多花黄精产量、根茎多糖和皂苷含量均随施肥量的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势,均在N₂P₂K₂处理（N、P₂O₅和K₂O施用量分别为160,160,80 kg/hm²）时达到最大值。氮、磷、钾肥对多花黄精产量、根茎多糖含量的影响表现为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,氮、磷、钾肥对多花黄精根茎皂苷含量的影响表现为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥。氮、磷、钾肥配施对多花黄精地上部和地下部的N、P、K含量有明显影响,不论是地上部还是地下部,同一处理中植株N、K含量均高于P含量。拟合的氮、磷、钾肥施用量与多花黄精产量、根茎多糖间的肥料效应模型的相关性均达到显著水平（P<0.05）,可知模型拟合成功。使用频率分析法,确定了本研究土壤肥力条件下多花黄精产量达14 000 kg/hm²以上及根茎多糖含量达100 mg/g以上时的氮、磷、钾肥施用量。【结论】综合考虑产量和品质,2年生多花黄精的高产优质施肥方案为N 145~167 kg/hm²,P₂O₅ 129~158 kg/hm²,K₂O 59~80 kg/hm²,m(N)∶m(P₂O₅)∶m(K₂O)为1∶0.92∶0.45。     

烟叶烘烤过程干燥模型的建立与评价

2015—2016年,以湖南省桂阳烟区烤烟品种K326、云烟87、云烟85中部叶为试验材料进行烘烤试验,选取Newton/Lewis、Henderson and Papis、Wang and Singh、Logarithmic、Page 5种干燥模型,通过回归分析法对烘烤过程中水分比进行模型拟合,并研究烘烤过程中烟叶水分变化与干燥速率。结果表明:2015年烤烟中部叶烘烤过程中的水分比均呈下降趋势,烟叶干燥速率随烟叶干基含水率的下降而下降;Wang and Singh模型可较好地描述并拟合烤烟中部叶烘烤过程中的水分比变化,K326、云烟87、云烟85的模型拟合决定系数R~2分别为0.995 9、0.987 8、0.989 2;采用线性回归法,以2016年烤烟中部叶水分比实测值和Wang and Singh模型理论预测值对模型进行验证,线性回归决定系数R~2分别为0.969 4、0.971 5、0.965 8。Wang and Singh模型在常规烘烤条件下具有较好的验证效果,可为湖南桂阳烟区不同品种中部叶烘烤过程中水分变化提供描述和预测。     

番茄抗叶霉病基因Cf19的抗性特点及遗传连锁分析

番茄抗叶霉病基因Cf19的抗性范围基本涵盖了中国目前分化出的所有叶霉菌生理小种,且抗性显著;台盼蓝染色结果显示该基因介导的抗性应答中出现明显的超敏反应,强度介于Cf4和Cf9基因之间;遗传连锁分析说明该基因的遗传特性符合单基因显性遗传规律;通过进一步SSR和AFLP分子标记连锁分析,共找到6个与Cf19基因连锁的分子标记,并将该基因初步定位于番茄1号染色体短臂区域。     

基于株型的水稻光合生产模拟研究进展

株型是反映水稻(Oryza sativa L.)冠层结构与群体光合态势的综合性状,理想株型塑造与籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用相结合是提高水稻单位面积产量的关键。利用计算机可视化技术和三维数字化技术可实现对不同株型水稻的单株及群体冠层三维结构的可视化模拟,克服了G函数应用复杂与繁琐的缺点。通过调控栽培管理措施可构建高光效的水稻冠层结构,提高水稻冠层的光能截获量和单位面积产量。利用辐射度和光线跟踪技术可在三维空间上实现不同株型水稻冠层内光合有效辐射分布的精确模拟,弥补了指数模型应用假设的不足。基于生理生态过程的水稻光分布与光合作用模拟研究得到了快速广泛的发展,为数字农业技术的发展提供了强有力的模型化和定量化支撑。水稻株型的差异明显改变了光在水稻冠层内的分布和利用,进而影响冠层光合作用和物质积累,因而系统分析水稻株型与冠层内光分布及冠层光合作用间的定量关系,有利于提高水稻群体光能利用率与产量。     

Simulating the Production of Rice Genotypes by Flood Management and End-Season Water Stress Conditions Using AquaCrop Model

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to assess the ability of AquaCrop model in predicting of grain and biological yield of rice genotypes in water management. A two-year field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Iranian Rice Research Institute in Rasht, Iran from 2016 to 2017. The experiment was established in a split-plot design with two irrigation management (continuous submergence and end season water stress) as the main plot, fourth rice genotypes as the sub-plot and three replications. The goodness-of-fit between observed and simulated grain yield and final biomass was assessed by means of the coefficient of determination (R ²), the absolute and normalized root mean square errors (RMSE). The RMSE_n of predicting grain yield at calibration and evaluation stages was in the range of 6–12% and 6–8% for biological yield. The results indicated that AquaCrop model is suitable to predict grain yield and biological yield of rice genotypes in northern Iran. AquaCrop model can be used to determine optimization strategies to improve the water consumption of rice genotypes.     

Inheritance and reliability of random amplified polymorphic DNA-markers in two consecutive generations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used in a variety of genetic studies in fisheries and aquaculture. Most population studies are performed without preliminary data demonstrating the Mendelian inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers. In this study, the inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers was examined in two consecutive generations of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Variability and segregation of RAPD markers were investigated in one F₁ progeny and three F₂ progenies. Seventy-four RAPD markers were generated by five primers using DNA extracted from the initial ornamental (koi) common carp female and wild-type colour common carp male. Fifty-five of these RAPD markers were transmitted to the F₁ progeny and the inheritance patterns were analysed. Twenty RAPD markers were fully reproducible and demonstrated dominant simple Mendelian inheritance patterns in two consecutive generations. Twenty-four RAPD markers were not reproducible in all progenies. Thirteen markers displayed inheritance ratios in the progenies that did not fit simple Mendelian inheritance patterns. Non-reproducibility of RAPD markers and distorted ratios may be caused by the absence of amplification, poor amplification or by the appearance of artefact bands. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers with poor reproducibility and non-Mendelian inheritance can lead to misinterpretations of data in population studies, resulting in errors in the estimation of genetic diversity within and between individual populations. Therefore, it is recommended to first identify the set of reproducible RAPD markers that demonstrate Mendelian inheritance before application of the RAPD technique in population studies.