木聚糖酶对肉鸡能量饲料养分利用率和表观代谢能值的影响

本试验通过肉鸡代谢试验考察木聚糖酶对玉米、小麦、麦麸和米糠的养分利用率和表观代谢能(AME)值的影响,确定木聚糖酶与不同能量饲料的定量关系.试验包括4个单因子试验,分别用玉米、小麦、麦麸、米糠进行代谢试验,每种饲料设5个处理,添加不同水平木聚糖酶,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1只鸡.试验结果表明:对于玉米,当木聚糖酶添加水平为1 500 IU/kg时,与对照组相比,干物质利用率提高了0.93%(P<0.05).对于小麦,木聚糖酶水平为3 000 IU/kg时,干物质、能量和蛋白质利用率提高幅度最大,分别提高了7.02%(P<0.01)、6.78%(P<0.01)和22.31%(P<0.05).对于麦麸,在木聚糖酶为6 000 IU/kg时,干物质和能量利用率提高幅度最大,分别提高10.14%和14.73%(P<0.01);在木聚糖酶为4 000 IU/kg时,蛋白质利用率提高157.31%(P<0.01).对于米糠,在酶水平为1 500 IU/kg时,米糠的蛋白质利用率提高了27.92%(P<0.05).适宜水平的木聚糖酶显著提高了小麦、麦麸的AME值.结果表明,玉米、小麦、麦麸、米糠中每克总木聚糖的适宜木聚糖酶添加量分别为35.38、27.01、30.21和18.27 IU,每克水溶性木聚糖的适宜木聚糖酶添加量分别为1 250、273.56、753.33和937.5 IU.     

农业装备产业竞争力模糊综合评判模型研究

分析了我国农业装备产业发展的现状、问题和面临的挑战和机遇,以及影响农业装备产业竞争力的因素,建立了产业竞争力的评价指标体系,并应用模糊综合评判原理建立了农业装备产业竞争力评价的模糊综合评判模型并对其进行了分析,得出我国农业装备产业竞争力较弱,建议通过推进产业技术创新和完善投融资体系提升产业竞争力.     

工业大麻割晒机的三维仿真设计

针对当前我国工业大麻割晒机研究现状与发展需求,运用三维软件UG设计了一款工业大麻割晒机,包括夹持输送机构、切割机构、传动机构、机架等。首先对星轮式拨禾机构、往复式切割器等零部件进行三维建模,然后根据各零部件之间的准确约束进行整机装配,并对样机各运转部件进行了干涉检查,仿真结果表明所设计的工业大麻割晒机符合农艺要求,并为后续的虚拟样机运动仿真、割台的结构优化奠定了良好的基础,提高了样机的研发速度。     

基于广告、技术、奖励的二级供应链效益最大化研究

基于技术进步视角,构建服务业FDI影响产业安全的理论模型,并采用1996-2013年的时序数据和分位数回归方法进行检验。实证结果表明,服务业FDI对技术进步的总效应为正;分位数回归进一步揭示,服务业FDI对技术进步的直接效应为正、间接效应为负,并在技术进步的低中分位点上,服务业FDI的直接效应大于间接效应,而在技术进步的高分位点上,服务业FDI的直接效应小于间接效应。研究证实,在技术进步的初期,服务业FDI会对产业安全发展产生直接的正向推动作用,但随着时间的推移,服务业FDI会威胁其产业安全。     

Assessment of diffusive phosphate supply in soils by microdialysis

Standard procedures to assess P availability in soils are based on batch experiments with various extractants. However, in most soils P nutrition is less limited by bulk stocks but by strong adsorption and transport limitation. The basic principle of root‐phosphate uptake is to strip phosphate locally from the solid phase by forming a radial depletion zone in the soil solution, optionally enhanced by release of mobilizing substances. Microdialysis (MD), a well‐established method in pharmacokinetics, is capable to mimic important characteristics of P root uptake. The sampling is by diffusional exchange through a semipermeable membrane covering the probes with their sub‐mm tubular structure. Additionally, the direct environment of the probe can be chemically modified by adding, e.g ., carboxylates to the perfusate. This study is the first approach to test the applicability of MD in assessing plant available phosphate in soils and to develop a framework for its appropriate use.We used MD in stirred solutions to quantify the effect of pumping rate, concomitant ions, and pH value on phosphate recovery. Furthermore, we measured phosphate yield of top‐soil material from a beech forest, a non‐fertilized grassland, and from a fertilized corn field. Three perfusates have been used based on a 1 mM KNO₃ solution: pure (1), with 0.1 mM citric acid (2), and with 1 mM citric acid (3). Additionally, a radial diffusion model has been parametrized for the stirred solutions and the beech forest soil.Results from the tests in stirred solutions were in good agreement with reported observations obtained for other ionic species. This shows the principal suitability of the experimental setup for phosphate tests. We observed a significant dependency of phosphate uptake into the MD probes on dialysate pumping rate and on ionic strength of the outside solution. In the soils, we observed uptake rates of the probes between 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁵ and 6.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ mol s⁻¹ cm⁻¹ in case of no citrate addition. Surprisingly, median uptake rates were mostly independent of the bulk soil stocks, but the P‐fertilized soil revealed a strong tailing towards higher values. This indicates the occurrence of hot P spots in soils. Citrate addition increased P yields only in the higher concentration but not in the forest soil. The order of magnitude of MD uptake rates from the soil samples matched root‐length related uptake rates from other studies. The micro‐radial citrate release in MD reflects the processes controlling phosphate mobilization in the rhizosphere better than measurements based on “flooding” of soil samples with citric acid in batch experiments. Important challenges in MD with phosphate are small volumes of dialysate with extremely low concentrations and a high variability of results due to soil heterogeneity and between‐probe variability. We conclude that MD is a promising tool to complement existing P‐analytical procedures, especially when spatial aspects or the release of mobilizing substances are in focus.     

基于通径分析的能源消费影响因素研究

以1995-2009年《中国统计年鉴及中国能源统计年鉴》有关数据为依据,利用主成分分析和通径分析的方法分析了经济发展水平、产业结构、人口因素、能源效率和城镇化水平对能源消费的直接效应和间接效应。结果表明:五大因素除直接影响能源消费外,还通过其它因素间接地影响最终能源消费量;人口因素和经济发展水平不仅直接消耗能源,其它因素也主要通过这两项因素间接地影响最终能源消费量,而且人口因素的作用要大于经济发展水平的作用;能源利用效率的提高和产业结构的优化调整不仅直接降低最终的能源消费量,其它因素也主要通过这两项因素间接地降低最终的能源消费量,其中能源效率的提高比产业结构优化调整更能有效的降低能源消费量。     

千岛湖森林康养基地发展路径探析——基于千岛湖龙川湾的调查研究

国家相关管理部门联合提出按照“环境优良、服务优质、管理完善、特色鲜明、效益明显”的要求建设一批国家森林康养基地。以浙江千岛湖龙川湾为例,分析其森林资源、地理区位、产业链、发展规模、社会合作、管理保障、三大效益等方面建设森林康养基地的优势,整合提升游憩观赏、研学文化、垂钓休闲、扶犁耕地、康养保健、疗养康复、健身拓展区域空间布局与发展举措,从康养体验、休闲体验、运动健身等方面增强千岛湖龙川湾森林康养基地功能,推进森林康养产业发展。     

从永安竹产业发展看产业升级的必由之路

永安竹资源丰富多样,开发利用历史悠久,竹产业发展方兴未艾。文章在实地调研的基础上,回顾了永安竹产业发展的主要历程,总结了其行之有效的经验做法,分析了制约其进一步发展和产业升级的主要因素,提出竹一二三产融合发展是实现竹产业升级的必由之路,并给出了相应的对策建议。     

关于农村经济发展的几个问题

我国农业劳动力资源充裕,是农村经济发展的一大优势,也是农业劳动生产率低、农民收入少,城乡差别大的症结所在。唯一出路是改革农村产业结构,促进农业剩余劳动力向林牧渔业及乡镇企业转移,这不仅是农民致富的必由之路,并且是解决我国农民问题的重大战略部署。粮食是农村产业结构改革的基础,要防止重工轻农,放松粮食生产倾向。主要途经是发展专业化、社会化、商品化生产,逐步改变粮食价格背离价值的状况,增强增产粮食的内在动力。在粮食供求平衡的条件下,加快发展经济作物和林牧渔业,积极发展乡镇工业和第三产业,向农村工业化、城乡一体化方向发展,这是建设具有中国特色的社会主义的重要标志之一。     

工业人工林发展研究——解决我国木材供需矛盾途径分析之一

从我国工业人工林的发展背景出发 ,论述我国工业人工林发展的意义 ;重点分析我国南方工业人工林经营的技术经济效益、发展中存在的问题以及工业人工林在我国的发展前景 ;找出影响我国工业人工林发展的关键因素 ,在此基础上提出进行制度创新和技术创新为我国工业人工林的发展提供必要的条件和相应技术支持的对策建议