PET/CT FOLLOWING INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY FOR PRIMARY LUNG TUMOR IN A DOG

A primary lung tumor in a dog treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy was imaged approximately 6 weeks and 1-year posttreatment with combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography, utilizing the radiotracers 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fluorothymidine. These two tracers allowed discrimination of tumor from inflammation, and demonstrated spread of tumor along airways over time after treatment. Fusion of functional imaging with anatomic imaging is a useful tool, particularly in the field of oncology, with the potential for PET markers that delineate tumor from normal or reactive tissue, and potential or actual response to therapy.     

Optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation parameters for Melastomataceae spp. using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for both Melastoma malabathricum and Tibouchina semidecandra were optimized using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter. The binary vector pCAMBIA1304 harboring the modified green fluorescent protein (mgfp) gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was used. Parameters optimized were bacterial strain, bacterial concentration, pre-culture period, co-cultivation period, immersion time, acetosyringone concentration and wounding type. Results obtained were based on the percentage of GFP expression which was observed 3 days post-transformation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and EHA105 at concentration 1 × 10⁷ cfu ml⁻¹ (OD_600nm 0.8) showed the highest virulence on M. malabathricum and T. semidecandra, respectively. Four days of pre-culture and 2 days of co-cultivation were optimum for M. malabathricum transformation, while 3 days of pre-culture and co-cultivation for T. semidecandra. Result also showed that 60 min of immersion and addition of 200 μM acetosyringone gave the highest percentage of positive transformants for both M. malabathricum and T. semidecandra. Mild wounding also significantly increased the efficiency of M. malabathricum transformation.     

Catecholamine and cortisol responses of horses to incremental exertion

The responses of the plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol in horses to varied relative intensities of exertion were examined. The plasma concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly (p<0.05) with exertion. The plasma cortisol concentrations at relative work intensities of 48.3%±1.4%, 82.3%±2.0% and 99.6%±0.4% of VO_2max were 114%, 124%, and 126%, respectively, of those at rest, whereas the plasma epinephrine concentrations were 239%, 772% and 3483%, and the norepinephrine concentrations were 138%, 255%, and 1121% of the values at rest. There was a significant (p<0.0001) relationship between the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The blood lactate concentration and the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly (p<0.0001) related, as were the relative work intensity (%VO_2max) and the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The relationships between the plasma cortisol concentration and work intensity or blood lactate concentration were not significant (p>0.05). This study demonstrates a relationship between relative work intensity and indicators of adrenal medullary and sympathetic activity during brief exertion in horses.     

双峰驼精清及其活性组分凝集素寡糖的初步研究

应用植物血凝素与寡糖结构相同或相似的糖复合物专一凝集的原理与方法,结合小鼠排卵试验,间接观察了公驼精清及其经ＤＥ－５２离子交换层析和高效液相层析提取分离的活性组分的蛋白组成。结果表明,公驼精清内糖蛋白含有２种以上的寡糖,其内的活性组分及诱导排卵因子与所试植物血凝素不发生反应     

Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its Metabolite Ciprofloxacin after Intramuscular Administration of Enrofloxacin in Goats

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in goats after a single intramuscular administration of enrofloxacin at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined simultaneously by a HPLC method. The peak concentrations (C _max) of enrofloxacin (1.13 g/ml) and ciprofloxacin (0.24 g/ml) were observed at 0.8 and 1.2 h, respectively. The elimination half-life (t _1/2), volume of distribution (V _d(area)), total body clearance (Cl_B) and mean residence time (MRT) of enrofloxacin were 0.74 h, 1.42 L/kg, 1329 ml/h per kg and 1.54 h, respectively. The t _1/2, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and the MRT of ciprofloxacin were 1.38 h, 0.74 g h/ml and 2.73 h, respectively. The metabolic conversion of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was appreciable (36%) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was maintained at or above 0.1 g/ml for up to 4 h. Enrofloxacin appears to be useful for the treatment of goat diseases associated with pathogens sensitive to this drug.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定熊胆粉中9种苯二氮䓬类药物残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定中药材熊胆粉中9种苯二氮?类药物残留的方法。样品以乙腈为提取溶剂,经萃取盐包除杂提取,采用分散式固相萃取管 (EMR-Lipid dSPE) 净化,ACQUITY BEH C18色谱柱(1.7 μm,2.1×100 mm)分离,多反应监测模式(MRM)采集数据,外标法定量。在优化的条件下,虽9种药物存在不同程度的基质效应,但不影响检测结果的准确性。方法学考察结果显示,9种苯二氮?类药物在对应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,决定系数(R²)≥0.9961,方法检出限(LOD,S/N =3)在0.06～0.71 μg/kg范围内,定量限(LOQ,S/N =10)在0.20～2.60 μg/kg范围内,3个加标水平的平均回收率在69.1%～108.0%范围内,日内RSD为1.8%～9.0%,日间RSD为2.6%～9.3%。该方法前处理操作简便、重现性好,准确度高,为熊胆粉中苯二氮?类药物残留的风险监控提供了一种有效的检测技术。     

38%唑醚·啶酰菌悬浮剂在草莓和土壤中的残留及消解动态

为评价38%唑醚·啶酰菌悬浮剂 (有效成分质量分数:12.8%吡唑醚菌酯,25.2%啶酰菌胺) 在农产品和环境中的安全性,于2015年和2016年在中国北京及山东分别进行了该药剂在草莓及土壤中的残留及消解动态试验,建立了同时测定草莓及土壤中吡唑醚菌酯和啶酰菌胺残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS) 检测方法。样品用乙腈提取,经N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA) 净化,电喷雾多反应监测模式HPLC-MS/MS检测,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。结果表明:在草莓和土壤中添加0.015~3.0 mg/kg吡唑醚菌酯,平均回收率分别为97%~107%和94%~106%,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 分别为1.8%~3.9%和2.2%~4.1%,定量限 (LOQ) 为0.015 mg/kg;添加0.03~6.0 mg/kg啶酰菌胺,平均回收率分别为90%~101%和92%~97%,RSD为4.6%~13%和2.9%~14%,LOQ为0.03 mg/kg。田间试验结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯和啶酰菌胺在草莓和土壤中的消解动态均符合一级动力学方程,在草莓中的半衰期分别为4.8~6.0 d和5.1~11 d,在土壤中为3.4~10.0和3.4~6.0 d。采用38% 唑醚·啶酰菌悬浮剂,分别按有效成分228和342 g/hm2于草莓幼果期施药,最多施药 4 次,采样时间距离最后一次施药的间隔时间为3、5、7 d。吡唑醚菌酯在草莓中的最大残留量为 0.13 mg/kg,低于欧盟规定的最大残留限量 (MRL)(0.5 mg/kg);啶酰菌胺在草莓中的最大残留量为 0.78 mg/kg,低于中国的 MRL值 (3.0 mg/kg)。建议38%唑醚·啶酰菌悬浮剂在草莓上的安全间隔期为3 d,试验结果为农药在草莓中的安全使用和农产品的食用安全提供了数据支持。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定多杀菌素在甘蓝和土壤中的残留及消解动态

建立了高效、快速、灵敏的测定甘蓝及土壤中多杀菌素残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,并研究了多杀菌素在甘蓝和土壤中的残留及消解动态。样品用乙腈提取,经 N -丙基乙二胺(PSA)分散固相萃取(DSPE)净化后用HPLC-MS/MS检测分析。该方法对甘蓝和土壤中多杀菌素的检出限(LOD)为6×10-12 g,定量限(LOQ)为0.005 mg/kg;在0.005~0.5 mg/kg添加水平下,多杀菌素在甘蓝中的平均回收率为87% ~95%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6% ~10%,在土壤中的平均回收率为86% ~100%, RSD 为4% ~8%。2011年北京、安徽和湖南 3地的消解动态研究结果表明,多杀菌素在甘蓝和土壤中的消解符合一级反应动力学方程,半衰期分别为0.83~1.16 d和0.88~1.17 d。2011年和2012年的最终残留试验结果表明,在推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量(有效成分26.25 和39.38 g/hm2)下,在甘蓝长至成果的1/2大小时施药2~3次,距末次药后1 d时甘蓝中多杀菌素的残留量远低于我国制定的最大残留限量(MRL)标准2.0 mg/kg。     

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in the plasma of Japanese quail

Abstract

AIM: To determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of florfenicol in the plasma of healthy Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).

METHODS: Sixty-five quail were given an I/V and I/M dose of florfenicol at 30 mg/kg bodyweight (BW). A two-period sequential design was used, with a wash-out period of 2 weeks between the different routes of administration. Concentrations of florfenicol in plasma were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTS: A naíve pooled data analysis approach for the plasma concentration-time profile of florfenicol was found to fit a non-compartmental open model. After I/V administration, the mean residence time (MRT), mean volume of distribution at steady state (V_ss), and total body clearance of florfenicol were 12.0 (SD 0.37) h, 8.7 (SD 0.22) L/kg, and 1.3 (SD 0.08) L/h/kg, respectively. After I/M injection, the MRT, mean absorption time (MAT), and bioavailability were 12.3 (SD 0.37) h, 0.2 (SD 0.02) h, and 79.1 (SD 1.79)%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The time for the concentration of florfenicol to fall below the probable effective concentration of 1 µg/ml of approximately 10 h is sufficient for the minimum inhibitory concentration needed for many bacterial isolates. Further pharm acodynamic studies in quail are needed to evaluate a suitable dosage regimen.     

UHPLC-Q/TOF MS结合HPLC-DAD定性和定量分析硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉中的未知添加物

定性和定量分析一批兽药硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉中的未知添加物。照《中国兽药典》2010年版一部对该批检品用微生物检定法进行含量测定时,发现该样品的抑菌圈为虚圈,用薄层色谱鉴别该样品,未显示与标准品溶液一致的主斑点,怀疑该样品中有处方外非法添加物。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q/TOF MS)对该样品进行筛查,发现疑似添加物,并使用液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)法进行了双重确证和含量测定。该样品中非法添加物确证为磺胺氯达嗪和甲氧苄啶,添加量分别为58.5 mg/g和13.4 mg/g。本研究通过建立筛查方法为监管部门提供技术支撑,通过分析非法添加物的可能原因为打击兽药处方外非法添加提供了思路。