Reproduction of chub, Leuciscus cephalus L., under controlled conditions

Research into artificial reproduction of chub was studied during three subsequent reproductive seasons. Chub reproduction was conducted in two different variations. In the first experiment different hormonal agents were given to fish, such as CPE, hCG, or an analogue of GnRH with dopamine antagonist (ovopel). In the second one, the optimum moment of applying of artificial reproduction was sought and the fish were only obtained an analogue of GnRH in different periods. The results obtained in two first seasons indicated that ovopel is the most effective agent for the artificial reproduction of chub. Consequently, it was decided that the fish would obtain only this agent in the final year of research. In last year (experiment II), chub spawners were taken to the hatchery under controlled conditions every few weeks from February to the beginning of June. Periodically, the maturity of oocytes was checked. As soon as the oocytes had achieved stage 2–3 of maturity, fish were obtained ovopel. It was noted that there was no problem with collecting semen. Obtaining oocytes was much more difficult. Most frequently, they were not obtained at all or obtained in very small amounts. It was also observed that the administration of hormones caused a very quick maturation of gonads and their over-maturation.     

Reproductive biology of common silver biddy Gerres oyena in Okinawa Island of southern Japan

ABSTRACT:   Common silver biddy Gerres oyena were collected monthly between November 2002 and November 2005 in Okinawa Island of southern Japan. The seasonal reproductive cycle of this species was investigated using the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and through histological observation of gonads. Temporal variation in the GSI reflected gonadal development from histological observations; ovary development occurred from March to September and testes development occurred between March and August. Maximal development was observed in April and May in both sexes. While mean values for hepatosomatic and lipidosomatic indices decreased markedly in females relative to males during gonadal development, mean condition factors decreased with gonadal recrudescence in both sexes. The minimum standard length (SL) at sexual maturity was 89.7 mm for females and 81.4 mm for males and the size at which 50% of individuals were sexually mature was 104 and 92 mm SL in females and males, respectively. The power relationships of batch fecundity (BF) versus standard length (SL, mm) and body weight (BW, g) of females can be expressed as BF  = 46.7 × e^{1.64 SL} and BF  = 19 697 × e^{0.49 BW} , respectively.     

Effect of 2, 3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on myocardial protection in cold cardioplegia

AIM: The effects of BDM on isolated rat heart in cold cardioplegia were studied. METHODS: Rat heart were subjected to cold cardioplegia at 4℃ for 8, 18 and 24 h.Then each heart was perfused (90 cm H₂O) in Langendorff model at 37℃ for 40 min. In the high K⁺ group(n=24) the hearts were preserved in St.Thomas cardioplegic solution, in BDM group(n=24) hearts were preserved in K-H solution with BDM 30 mmoL/L. RESULTS: After 18 h, heart rate and the coronary flow in BDM group were significantly higher than in high K⁺ group(P＜0.05). Activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in cell membrane and in mitochondrial membrane in the BDM group was significantly higher than high K⁺ group(P＜0.01). After 24 h, all hearts in high K⁺ group were dead, but were alive in BDM group. CONCLUSION: Under given experiment conditions, BDM did enhance the tolerance to cold ischemia significantly. The results showed that BDM may become a useful agent for prolong the storage period of heart in cold cardioglegia.     

茉莉酸甲酯诱导辣椒抗青枯病与活性氧代谢的关系

为探究茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl Jasmonate,Me JA)诱导辣椒抗青枯病效应与活性氧代谢相关酶的关系,以辣椒易感青枯病品种‘粤红1号’和抗青枯病品种‘辛香8号’幼苗为试验材料,在0.1mmol·L-1 Me JA喷雾处理后12、24、48、72和96 h接种青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum),对其进行青枯病病情指数与活性氧代谢相关酶——超氧化酶歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate Peroxidase,APX)活性以及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量测定及相互关系的分析。结果表明:‘粤红1号’和‘辛香8号’的病情指数随喷Me JA处理时间的推移表现为先降后升,但都低于对照;而诱导效果则相反,Me JA处理对两个辣椒品种幼苗抗性的最适诱导时间均为接种前48 h。接种后0~96 h,Me JA喷雾处理的辣椒幼苗叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX酶活性均显示先升后降的趋势,且明显高于对照,接种后24~48 h达到最高,而MDA含量则明显低于对照。因此,Me JA可诱导辣椒幼苗抗青枯病,其实现途径可能与提高活性氧代谢相关酶活性和缓解膜脂过氧化有关。     

B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱分别为害烟草后对烟草生长特性的影响

为比较B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱分别取食烟草后对烟草生长特性的影响,明确2种粉虱取食诱导的烟草防御反应的差异和时间效应,探讨B型烟粉虱诱导的烟草防御反应在竞争取代温室白粉虱中的作用,采用直尺测量和烘箱烘干称重的方法,研究比较B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱分别取食烟草不同时间后对烟草自身生长指标影响的差异。结果表明:在诱导寄主防御的虫口密度下,B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱分别取食烟草不同时间后对烟草自身生长的影响存在显著差异,且具有时间效应。与对照烟草相比,B型烟粉虱取食烟草5天后对烟草生长没有明显的不利影响,但从取食10天开始出现显著不利影响,随着取食时间的延长对烟草的不利影响逐渐增加。烟粉虱取食15、20天后烟草株高分别降低了6.9、8.5 cm,平均节间距分别缩短了0.6、0.53 cm,叶片数量分别减少了2.1、2.6叶/株,系统叶叶面积明显增大,叶片变薄,单位面积干重分别降低了0.99、1.01 mg/cm2。温室白粉虱取食烟草不同时间后对烟草生长没有明显的不利影响。与温室白粉虱为害烟草后相比,B型烟粉虱为害烟草后产生了对烟草的特异性抑制反应,这可能与B型烟粉虱诱导烟草表达的特异性防御反应对自身资源的消耗有关。     

BHT对苹果采后灰霉病的防效及防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

为探究2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,BHT)对苹果采后灰霉病的防效和防病机制,采用平板法和刺伤接种法测定了BHT对灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制作用及果实内防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol/L BHT对苹果灰霉病的防效最佳,处理苹果后间隔48～96 h接种灰霉病菌,其防效可达68.59%～73.55%,其次为0.2、1.0 mmol/L BHT处理,但防效均低于52.94%。0.1 mmol/L BHT处理对灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发无显著抑制作用,但可显著增强果实内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性以及总抗氧化能力,其峰值是对照的1.82～5.28倍,且均显著高于单独接种灰霉病菌的处理。此外,单独接种灰霉病菌的苹果果实内丙二醛含量快速升高,最大增幅达251.49%,而BHT处理后丙二醛含量变幅较小,最大增幅仅为83.95%。表明BHT可通过增强苹果果实内防御酶活性水平和总抗氧化能力来降低丙二醛的积累,从而提高果实对灰霉病的抗性。     

籼稻直立穗突变体的培育、鉴定及其突变性状的遗传分析

采用60Coγ射线辐射诱变技术,首次育成了1个籼稻直立穗突变体。该突变体穗型直立,与亲本品种9311的弯曲穗型显著不同。与9311相比,该突变体的株高显著下降,穗粒数减少、穗子缩短、剑叶变短、谷粒变宽变短,但千粒重没有发生变化。遗传分析表明,直立穗突变性状受1对隐性单基因控制。利用该突变体与培矮64S组配的杂种与原杂交稻品种之间的主要农艺性状和产量构成因素差异不显著。     

基于激光诱导荧光高光谱技术无损检测脐橙表面敌敌畏残留

常规化学方法检测农药残留不仅对样品具有破坏性,而且费时费力。本文以激光诱导荧光结合高光谱图像技术为手段,对脐橙表面的敌敌畏农药残留进行光谱无损检测;实验方法是在脐橙表面,喷施用自来水配制的不同浓度的敌敌畏农药溶液,在实验室条件下风干后,采集激光诱导荧光高光谱图像,再用气相色谱法检测脐橙表面的农药残留量,应用偏最小二乘(Partial least squares,PLS)方法建立农药残留的预测模型,并找出最佳光谱区间,然后应用支持向量机(Support vectormachine,SVM)方法在最佳光谱区间的基础上建立农药残留的预测模型;所建模型结果其预测集样品的农药残留量实测值(0.4862~10.3791mg/kg)和预测值之间的相关系数为0.8101;实验结果说明,以激光诱导荧光结合高光谱技术为手段的无损检测技术,在检测脐橙农药残留方面是有可行性的。     

观赏植物诱变育种的研究现状和展望

本文综述了观赏植物辐射诱变育种的研究现状,并对花卉辐照诱变的手段、方法、处理材料和适宜辐照剂量、辐照机理与方法及应用作了总结,同时对观赏植物辐射诱变育种存在的问题及发展方向进行了探讨。