A mycosis of juvenile spiny rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875) caused by Haliphthoros sp., and possible methods of chemical control

Mortalities of puerulus and juvenile rock lobsters, Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875), held in shore-based ongrowing facilities at water temperatures between 10 and 18 °C were associated with infection by an invasive oomycete identified as Haliphthoros sp. Gross signs of disease included loss of appetite, lethargy and 1–3 brown/black focal necrotic lesions in the gills near insertion of the walking legs. Hyphae were observed in wet preparations of gill filaments excised from lesions. Histology of gill lesions showed hyphae inside the gill cuticle, invasion and lysis of the skeletal muscle and massive haemocyte infiltration and melanization at the base of walking legs adjacent to infected gill filaments. Lobsters over approximately 30 mm carapace length appeared resistant to infection. Death of affected lobsters usually occurred prior to or during the moult and in some cases may have been associated with secondary bacterial infection. Haliphthoros sp. was isolated in pure culture and marine agar 2216 was the medium that produced best growth in vitro . Two isolates were exposed in vitro to five chemicals to determine if an effective treatment could be found. Chemicals that interrupted the life cycle by killing zoospores or preventing sporulation included malachite green, trifuralin, formalin and copper sulphate. The appearance of the disease was associated with poor hygiene and its elimination may be achievable by improving husbandry practices.     

平原地区森林资源发展状况浅析

平原林业对于维护生态安全、木材安全、粮食安全和促进农民增收具有重要意义。基于全国森林资源清查数据,以北京、天津、河北、上海、江苏、山东、河南为典型研究区,分析了森林资源发展成就及其特点,指出了存在的一些问题,提出了发展平原林业的几点建议,以期为森林资源管理提供参考。     

滩地淹水胁迫对杨树生长与木材显微结构的影响

对5种不同淹水时间类型滩地1～10年生杨树单株材积生长动态进行了分析．结果表明。不同类型之间单株材积生长量均存在显著差异．且随着林龄增长，其差异逐步减小；不同淹水胁迫下，当年年轮宽度、纤维细胞数量、木材基本密度均存在显著差异，纤维长度和宽度差异不显著，杨树年轮宽度与径向纤维细胞数、导管数、径向纤维比量呈正相关；随淹水胁迫程度加深，当年形成层细胞分裂受到了显著抑制，纤维细胞以及导管数量减少，林木径向生长量下降．径向导管比量提高，纤维比量下降，细胞壁腔比减小，木材密度明显降低．对5种淹水类型滩地的林木生长进行了系统聚类，合并划分为4种生长类型，对其中3种常规造林宜林类型杨树生长潜力进行了预测。     

遮蔽与呈现——《花腔》人物生存状态论

李洱的长篇小说《花腔》问世以后,研究评论者众多。《花腔》以破解主人公葛任的生死之谜为主线,以三个当事人的口述和大量的引文来完成叙事。讲述与引文相互补充、说明、参考、对照,将一段葛任的历史演绎为一组故事碎片,在这种众声喧哗揭示历史真相的过程中,不仅主人公葛任的个体生命之花得以呈现,而且文本中被遮蔽的诸多生存状态浮出水面。本文正是从这个角度出发,试图从"花腔"的层层遮蔽中透视特殊语境下几个主要人物生存的某种尴尬和艰难。     

Correlation of Individual Heterozygosity of Microsatellite Marker Loci with Heterosis of Growth Traits in Pig Populations

To investigate the correlation of individual heterozygosity and heterosis of three traits in crossbred F1 pig populations, the F1 populations were built by random mating Yorkshire x Meishan （YM, n = 82）, and its reciprocal （MY, n =47） and two straightbred populations （Yorkshire = 34, Meishan = 55） were used as control groups. The heterosis of birth weight （BWT）, average daily gain （ADG）, and feed conversion ratio （FCR） were acquired as well. In the research, the significant marker loci for the heterosis of the three traits were observed by one-way ANOVA （P〈0.01） in a total of 39 marker loci on SSC4, SSC6, SSC7, SSC8, and SSC13, and the numbers of the significant marker loci were 12 （BWT）, 18 （ADG）, and 17 （FCR）, respectively, based on which the general heterozygosity （GH） was divided into significant marker loci heterozygosity （SH） and insignificant marker loci heterozygosity （IH）. Furthermore, the trends of alteration in heterosis with the stepwise increase in heterozygosity by 0.05 were explored. This was done by the regression analysis of the three kinds of heterozygosity against heterosis of the three traits. The results showed that, for BWT, the heterosis increased with the increase in GH （r=0.9337, P=0.0021） and SH （r=0.9165, P=0.0102）; for ADG, the heterosis increased with the increase in IH （r=0.7012, P=0.0353） and GH （r=0.7470, P=0.0537, near significant）; for FCR, the heterosis of feed efficiency increased with the increase in IH （r=0.8721, P=0.0022）. The results indicated that the correlation was not always higher or more significant for SH with heterosis than it was for IH or GH with heterosis, and it might be because of the reciprocal cancellation of the positive effect and negative effect of QTL linked to the significant marker loci.     

High yield of PVY-free potato plants from axillary bud cultures after application of lysolecithin analogues and aminoadamantane

Summary Lysolecithin analogues and aminoadamantane were tested in vitro for their antiphytoviral effect on axillary bud cultures of potato infected with potato virus Y (PVY). Ethyllecithin added to the medium (700 mg/l) gave the best therapeutic effect on axenic axillary buds that were 1.67 mm long. Applying that compound, explant size may be increased and lead to virus elimination without thermal treatment. Thus viruses can be eliminated more effectively than with conventional methods.     

从农村社会工作角度看农村个体和谐建设

[摘 要]个体和谐建设是和谐农村建设,乃至整个社会主义和谐社会建设的起点,具有十分重要的现实意义。现阶段,农村个体和谐建设中还存在很多亟需解决的问题。农村社会工作从“优势视角”出发,强调助人自助、增权的价值理念,在解决农民问题,促进个体和谐发展方面具有明显的优势。     

浦竹仔红色秆变异个体的rDNAITS序列及系统发育研究

通过对浦竹仔红秆变异个体基因组DNA的提取、rDNAITS片段的扩增、回收及测序,分析了其rDNAITS序列,构建了系统发育树。结果表明,供试竹种与Genbank中记录的浦竹仔ITS全长序列相似度为99％,与同属的中华大节竹、酸竹属的酸竹、少穗竹属的少穗竹亲缘关系较近,其遗传距离为0．007和0．010。RNA二级结构模拟分析显示,各参试竹种之间5．8sRNA变异极微小,主要的遗传变异均集中在ITSl-ITS2非编码序列中。由此可以推论该竹种产花色苷性状并非种属差异导致,为样本收集地环境因子诱发基因突变所致。     

不同单株滇皂荚皂角仁的皂苷含量

为筛选高皂苷含量滇皂荚优良单株,采用紫外分光光度法结合灰色关联度分析法测定采自云南省梁河县的10份不同单株滇皂荚皂角仁的皂苷含量,并研究其植株性状因素与皂苷含量的相关性。结果表明:不同单株皂角仁皂苷含量的差异较大,对皂苷含量在平均水平之上的5株单株进行聚类分析,筛选出优良单株2号植株,其皂苷含量[(25.49±0.04)mg/g]为平均水平的1.47倍。滇皂荚皂角仁的皂苷含量与植株性状各影响因素间的关联度依次为出籽率冠幅面积地径株高树龄。     

Risk factors for treatment‐related adverse events in cancer‐bearing dogs receiving piroxicam

Piroxicam has antitumour effects in dogs with cancer, although side effects may limit its use. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively identify factors predisposing cancer‐bearing dogs to adverse events (AEs) following piroxicam therapy. Medical records of dogs presented to the Purdue Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed, and 137 dogs met the criteria for study inclusion. Toxic effects of piroxicam in these dogs were graded according to an established system. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the extent to which certain factors affected the risk for AEs. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.250, P = 0.009; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.057–1.479] and concurrent use of gastroprotectant medications (OR 2.612, P = 0.025; 95% CI 1.127–6.056) significantly increased the risk for gastrointestinal AEs. The results of this study may help inform the risk versus benefit calculation for clinicians considering the use of piroxicam to treat dogs with cancer.