Multi‐decadal climate and fishing predictors of abundance for U.S. South Atlantic coastal fishes and invertebrates

Abundance of marine stocks fluctuates in response to both internal processes (e.g., density dependence) and exogenous drivers, including the physical environment, fishing, and trophodynamic interactions. In the United States, research investigating ecosystem drivers has been focused in data‐rich systems, primarily in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. To develop a more holistic understanding of important ecosystem drivers in the Southeast U.S. continental shelf Large Marine Ecosystem, we applied generalized linear and dynamic linear modeling to investigate the effects of climate and fishing covariates on the relative abundance trends of 71 demersal fish and invertebrate species sampled by a coastal trawl survey during 1990–2013. For the assemblage as a whole, fishing effects predominated over climate effects. In particular, changes in trawling effort within the penaeid shrimp fishery governed abundance trends of bony fishes, invertebrates, and elasmobranchs, a likely result of temporal changes in bycatch mortality. Changes in trawling intensity induced changes in overall community composition and appear to have altered trophic interactions among particular species. Among climate indices investigated, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Western Bermuda High Index were most prevalent in well‐supported dynamic linear models. Observed annual abundance trends were synchronous among some taxonomically related species, highlighting similar responses to exogenous influences based on life history. This study strengthens the foundation for generating hypotheses and advancing ecosystem‐based fisheries research within the region.     

Application of morphometric measures in estimation of body weight and discrimination of Astyanax lacustris and Astyanax fasciatus

The objective of this study was to verify the direct and indirect correlation between morphometric measures, ratios, body weight and yield in two lambari species Astyanax lacustris and Astyanax fasciatus and whether the discriminant analysis is capable of separating and allocating the species. We used 102 lambari yellow tail and 60 lambari red tail. The fish were weighed and submitted to the evaluation of the morphometric measurements. The direct and indirect effects were evaluated by the method of track analysis, considering weight at slaughter, weight of body parts and body yields as dependent variables and measures and morphometric ratios as explanatory variables. Astyanax lacustris presented higher height and body width, carcass yield and trunk, while A. fasciatus presented higher head yield and viscera weight. The discriminant analysis was able to classify 79.5% of the two species. Track analysis demonstrated that the morphometric measurements can be used for estimation of body and body components’ weight in A. lacustris and A. fasciatus. However, regarding the corporal yield; the morphometric measures were insufficient to explain the yield variations of the species.     

不同分子质量木质素磺酸钙缓蚀性能研究

采用渗析超滤法将木质素磺酸钙（木钙,CL）分为不同相对分子质量（Mw）的4个级分．测定了不同级分中羧基、酚羟基、磺酸基的含量,用失重法和电化学交流阻抗谱研究了不同Mw级分的缓蚀性能及作用机理。研究表明,随着Mw增大,羧基、酚羟基、磺酸基的含量减小。Mw〈5000级分对碳钢有缓蚀性能,Mw〉5000级分对碳钢无缓蚀性能。对电极系统等效电路的拟合结果表明,掺加不同Mw级分溶液的等效电路不同,在Mw1000—5000级分溶液中出现两个时间常数,说明低Mw的级分能够在金属表面成膜抑制金属腐蚀。     

磷酸法活性炭的三聚氰胺表面改性及其电化学性能研究

为了考察磷酸法活性炭作为双电层电容器电极材料的可行性,通过浸渍三聚氰胺后在500、700、900℃下热处理的方法对活性炭进行了表面改性,分别得到改性活性炭AC-N-500、AC-N-700、AC-N-900,考察不同热处理温度对活性炭表面氮元素结合状态的影响,及其对磷酸法活性炭作为双电层电容器电极材料的电化学性能的影响。采用氮气吸附、元素分析、X射线光电子能谱及电化学测试等方法分析表征活性炭的孔隙结构、元素组成、表面官能团存在形式以及电化学性能。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,改性活性炭氮元素含量逐渐下降,由AC-N-500的8.49%下降为AC-N-900的4.16%;三聚氰胺改性活性炭比表面积和总孔容明显降低。改性活性炭中氮元素主要以N-6(吡啶型)、N-5(吡咯型)、N-Q(季氮型)、N-X(氮氧型)4种形式存在;随着热处理温度的升高,N-6和N-5型官能团的比例略微减少并部分转变为N-Q。改性活性炭AC-N-700可制备出比电容达203 F/g(扫描电压1 m V/s)的活性炭电极材料,减小电极与电解液间的阻力有利于离子的渗入和电荷的传导,表明磷酸法活性炭具有作为双电层电容器电极材料的潜力。     

自组装膜电化学免疫传感器测定甲基对硫磷

利用自组装技术将三巯基丙酸固定在金电极上,以1-乙基-3-（3-二甲氨基）碳二亚胺盐酸盐（EDC）和N-羟基硫代琥珀亚胺（NHS）作为活化剂,将甲基对硫磷抗体以共价键形式固定在三巯基丙酸自组装单分子膜修饰的金电极上,制备了一种免疫传感器。根据抗体与抗原之间特异反应前后电极电位的变化对甲基对硫磷进行定量测定,该传感器的检测下限为0.085 µg/ml,检测范围为0.5~15µg/ml,并可以再生、重复利用。     

间接免疫细胞化学法快速检测新城疫病毒抗原的研究

本研究旨在建立一种简单、方便、准确、特异的方法检测新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus, NDV)。比较间接HRP-免疫细胞化学法与间接免疫荧光法两种方法检测NDV在COS-7细胞中的定位。两种试验方法都可以检测到NDV主要定位在COS-7细胞的胞浆内。间接HRP-免疫细胞化学法检测NDV要求一抗滴度≤1∶100,间接免疫荧光法要求的滴度≤1∶100。间接HRP-免疫细胞化学法检测NDV要求二抗滴度≤1∶300,间接免疫荧光法要求的滴度≤1∶50。而且结果观察中间接HRP-免疫细胞化学法要比间接免疫荧光法方便。间接HRP-免疫细胞化学法进行NDV检测优于间接免疫荧光法,是一种简单、快捷、准确的适用于检测NDV的技术。     

猪圆环病毒2型间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立与初步应用

本研究利用原核表达的猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）Cap蛋白作为标准抗原蛋白建立PCV2抗体检测方法,同时对建立的检测方法的相关条件进行了优化。通过优化确定抗原的最佳包被浓度为10 μg/mL,血清的最佳稀释度为1∶160,最佳封闭试剂为10%牛血清,二抗的使用浓度为1∶1000,血清及二抗的最佳反应条件为37 ℃孵育60 min,底物的最佳反应条件为37 ℃反应10 min,cutoff值为0.25。通过批内及批间重复性的评价,变异系数均小于0.1,表明本检测方法具有较高的可重复性。与标准的检测试剂盒相比,检测临床样本时,本检测方法与对照试剂盒检测结果符合率为91.7%。结果表明,建立的检测方法可用于临床PCV2抗体的检测。     

不同咸蛋腌制温度对禽流感毒灭活的影响

经人工接种H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的鸭蛋,分别在12℃、22℃和32℃条件下按常规方法腌制于饱和盐水中,同时以置饱和盐水中的禽流感病毒和未经处理禽流感病毒样品作为对照,通过MDCK细胞培养、间接免疫荧光方法定期进行禽流感病毒毒力测定,结果在12℃、22℃和32℃条件下腌制鸭蛋中的禽流感病毒分别于49天、27天和4天失去毒力,置饱和盐水中的禽流感病毒分别在27天、9天和2天失去毒力,而未经处理的禽流感病毒分别在92天、29天和17天失去毒力;不同试验温度条件下,以荧光RT-PCR检测腌制鸭蛋和对照样品中的禽流感病毒,在100天后仍可检出病毒核酸(Ct<30)。以上检测结果表明,在腌制鸭蛋时于常温下置饱和盐水腌制40天以上的传统咸蛋生产工艺,可使禽流感病毒完全失去毒力,腌制的鲜咸蛋携带或传播禽流感病毒的风险极低或不存在风险。