The benthic impacts of a large cod farm — Are there indicators for environmental sustainability?

A cod farm in Vidlin Voe, Shetland was at the time of the study the largest cod farm in Europe, and was started in 2003. Run according to organic principles, the farm consisted of 17  32 m diameter cages in the 3 km long sea loch (locally known as voe), which though extremely exposed at the mouth, is sheltered near the cages.Benthic macrofauna and physical/chemical sediment parameters were measured in the summer months of 2004, 2005 and 2006 as biomass increased in the growing cycle. A range of biotic indices showed the benthic environment was enriched at peak biomass of the farm, but by contrast, surficial CHN levels and organic matter were low and uniform. The commonly used sediment indicators redox, total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen did not correlate well with biotic indicators at this site. Predictions from a near-field particle tracking and resuspension model (CODMOD) and a simple nutrient enhancement box model of the voe system (Equilibrium Concentration Enhancement (ECE) model), were used to assess the assimilative capacity of the system.     

Factors associated with mortality and morbidity in small intestinal volvulus in horses

OBJECTIVE: To determine historical, physical, and clinical factors that may affect morbidity and mortality in horses with small intestinal volvulus unrelated to other causes (e.g., incarceration, lipoma, etc.). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Client-owned horses (115), aged 1 month to 21 years. Methods: Data were obtained from medical records, identified by computer search and manual review. Continuous variables were compared between affected and non-affected horses with Mann-Whitney U-tests and non-continuous variables with Fisher's exact test (2 x 2 tables) or chi(2)-tests (larger tables). Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to develop a multivariable model of the risk factors, taking account of confounding and interaction. RESULTS: Eighty percent of horses recovered from surgery survived to hospital discharge. Neither age, breed, nor sex was related to mortality. Survivors had a significantly lower heart rate, shorter capillary refill time, and better mucous membrane color. Variables associated with worsening cardiovascular status, increased hemoconcentration, and exudation of cells and protein into peritoneal fluid were significantly associated with non-survival. After recovery from surgery, the most serious complication was colic, which was significantly associated with non-survival (P=.028) as was a second celiotomy (P<.01). Both of these complications were associated with a jejunocecostomy during the first surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in the clinical and clinicopathologic signs were identified between survivors and non-survivors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings can be used to make a scientific assessment of prognosis in the pre-operative, operative, and post-operative management of horses with small intestinal volvulus.     

基于能值理论的榆林市耕地可持续利用评价

应用能值理论对榆林市2003—2007年耕地系统的可持续性进行了评价。结果表明,在研究期内,榆林市耕地系统能值总投入并未大幅变动,其中购买能值投入逐年增加,不可更新资源环境投入呈降低趋势,2004年后购买能值所占比重最大,不可更新资源能值投入次之;对能值指标进行分析可以得到,该区域的发展更多地依赖于自然资源的投入,但依赖程度呈逐步降低的趋势。通过与其它区域耕地系统的对比可以得到,榆林市耕地系统存在发展水平较为滞后,农业机械化水平较低,发展严重依赖于自然资源的投入等问题;兼顾到该区域的农业发展水平并为维持区域的可持续性发展,提出该区域应大力发展有机农业和特色农业,在适度增加购买能值的基础上维持其可持续性。     

图书馆网站的模糊评价模型

网站是高校图书馆的重要组成部分。通过构建对高校图书馆网站的评价指标体系,在此基础上应用模糊综合评价法运用指标体系对高校图书馆网站进行综合评价,旨在为图书馆网站评价方面的研究作出一些有意义的借鉴。     

湖州市农业气象服务及灾害预警系统开发

目前湖州市农业产业正由传统粗放型向现代设施农业精细化方向调整,为及时提供精准化、专业化的农业气象服务,优选湖州地区粮食、蔬菜、瓜果、茶叶、桑蚕、林业、水产、畜牧等产业,收集整理近20种具有湖州地区特色的农产品气象灾害指标,形成决策指标库,结合天气预报数据库、各类实况数据库及当前养殖动物、作物生长发育情况,形成各种农气灾害预警信息及各种服务材料,通过预警短信网发送到各类服务对象,取得较好的服务效果。     

生物制剂对约书亚树幼苗成活及生理生化影响的综合评价

采用保水剂（处理Ⅰ）、生根粉(处理Ⅱ)、矮壮素(处理Ⅲ)与多效唑(处理Ⅳ) 4种生物制剂,研究了不同生物制剂对2年生沙漠植物约书亚树幼苗的成活、生长及生理生化指标的影响,并对其影响效益作出综合评价。结果表明:处理Ⅰ及处理Ⅱ均能显著提高约书亚树幼苗的成活率,分别高于对照10.78%及5.43%,处理Ⅲ及处理Ⅳ较对照的成活率分别降低了15.78%及11.25%。处理Ⅰ显著促进了幼苗生长并提高了约书亚树幼苗的光合生理指标、渗透调节物质含量、POD酶及CAT酶活性。处理Ⅱ对幼苗株型无显著影响,抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸含量均显著高于对照。处理Ⅲ使幼苗株高显著低于其他处理,并主要影响幼苗的游离脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活性指标。处理Ⅳ促进幼苗地径增粗和植株矮化,并影响植物的光合生理及SOD酶活性指标。利用主成分分析得出,约书亚树幼苗的株型及光合生理因子在综合评价中权重最大,为 68.11%;D值的排序为:处理Ⅰ处理Ⅳ处理Ⅱ对照处理Ⅲ,说明保水剂为最佳生物制剂,显著提高了植物的成活率及生理生化指标,并能显著促进幼苗生长;其次为生根粉,通过影响渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性指标促使成活率显著提高;多效唑虽然对植物的影响效益较大,但其浓度可能不适宜植物成活,对其施用浓度需要进一步研究。      

A COMPARISON OF TOOLS FOR PRUNING PINUS PINASTER

Dielectric heating by radio-frequency power has been established in various countries as a practical means for the rapid gluing of wood with thermosetting adhesives. The high-frequency drying of wood and wooden products as an economical substitute for conventional drying methods is being investigated extensively.

Especially in South Africa, it seems the appropriate time to consider this process again. This article is the first in a series and reviews the general principles. Further papers will present values of dielectric properties of South African pines and deal with the possibilities of drying wood by this process.     

青海省海西州中东部冰雹天气时空分布特征及短临预报指标

[目的]研究海西州中东部冰雹天气时空分布特征和短临预报指标。[方法]利用1960～2010年海西中东部6个气象站的冰雹资料,分析冰雹天气的时空分布特征;基于2006～2010年30次冰雹个例的高空实况资料,利用统计学和天气学方法,分析该区冰雹天气的高空天气形势、地面天气形势和物理量场特征,归纳出冰雹天气形成的短期环流形势和短临预报特征。[结果]海西中东部冰雹天气出现在4～9月,5～8月最多,主要集中在14:00～20:00。天峻地区降雹次数最多,乌兰最少。冰雹灾害主要发生在乌兰和天峻地区。冰雹天气的500 hPa环流形势有3个类型,其中西北气流冷温槽型最多,新疆东移小槽型次之,蒙古低槽型最少。冰雹一般发生在西北气流下,且短波槽、冷中心或冷温槽、急流核三者必居其一。冰雹多产生于高层辐散、低层辐合相配置的形势下,低层充沛的水汽和水汽通量的辐合是形成冰雹的重要条件。[结论]该研究为冰雹天气预报准确率的提高提供了一定参考。     

农村建设用地复垦适宜性评价研究——以重庆市丰都县某镇为例

以重庆市丰都县某镇为例,分析了农村建设用地现状及存在的问题,指出对农村建设用地土地复垦的适宜性进行评价的必要性。通过建立农村建设用地复垦适宜性评价指标体系,采取综合分析和主导因子(主导限制因子)相结合的方法,对该镇农村建设用地复垦的适宜性进行评价,结果显示,该镇农村建设用地适宜复垦为耕地,通过建设用地复垦复垦可有效缓解耕地资源日益减少与城镇建设用地增加之间的矛盾。