Influence of agricultural soils on the growth and reproduction of the bio-indicator Folsomia candida

Soil organisms have been recommended as bio-indicators of soil quality due to their sensitivity to anthropogenic influences and their high degree of site-specificity. The objectives of this study were to determine if the relationship between the soil Collembola, Folsomia candida, and forest soil could be extended to other soils and, if not, to determine the relationship between its life parameters and soils from the different phases of an agricultural rotation sequence. A comparison of growth, reproduction and survival of 1 day old neonates and 10 day old juveniles subjected to a series of different soils (composted manure, pasture soil, forest soil, sand alone, and sand supplemented with yeast) established that the association between F. candida and forest soil quality cannot be automatically transferred to soils from other ecosystems. The test also showed that neonate (1 d) individuals were more sensitive to the different soil treatments than 10 d old juveniles and should be used in future tests. On this basis, neonate F. candida individuals were used to determine if the species could be employed to characterize the agricultural soils from the different phases of an organic or conventional rotation sequence. Results demonstrated that changes in body growth and reproduction constituted suitable criteria to characterize the soil quality of these different phases. The research required to develop these results as a standard bio-indicator test of agricultural soil quality is discussed.     

不同栽培方式对直播酸枣种苗生长指标的影响

为确定庆阳市酸枣育苗最佳播种模式,以当地野生酸枣为材料,研究不同栽培方式对直播酸枣种苗生长指标的影响,结果表明,宽窄行覆膜处理出苗最整齐,出苗率最高,可达87.23%;植株长势最强,主茎基粗达7.65 mm,极显著高于其他2个处理。打顶处理主茎基部最粗,达8.02 mm,但与其他2个处理差异不显著。综合出苗率、种苗各生长指标,庆阳市酸枣最适播种方式为宽窄行覆膜,种苗无需打顶处理。     

山坑螺和田螺作为指示生物监测茶园环境农药残留的研究

【目的】明确山坑螺Margarya melanioides Nevill和田螺Cipangopaludina chinensis Gray对茶叶种植常用农药的敏感性,探究其作为指示生物监测茶园环境农药残留的可行性.【方法】采用静水生物毒性试验法测定6种茶园常用农药对山坑螺和田螺的致死中浓度(LC50),分析比较山坑螺和田螺对供试农药的敏感程度.【结果和结论】敌敌畏、甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素、毒死蜱、草铵膦以及噻虫嗪对山坑螺48 h的LC50值分别为0.031 6、0.005 2、0.104 0、0.048 6、14.417 1、54.635 9 mg·kg-1,对田螺48 h的LC50值分别为1.711 2、0.013 2、0.917 1、1.501 6、108.755 3、119.021 1 mg·kg-1,山坑螺对该6种农药的敏感程度分别是田螺的54.15、2.54、8.82、30.90、7.54和2.18倍.山坑螺比田螺对6种供试农药尤其是有机磷类农药(敌敌畏和毒死蜱)更加敏感,山坑螺对甲氰菊酯、敌敌畏和毒死蜱48 h的LC50值远低于我国以及欧盟规定的茶叶中最大残留限量值,具有作为茶园环境中有机磷类和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留监测指示生物的潜力.     

东海浮游异足类环境适应分析

根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°00′N、118°30′~128°00′E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,采用浮游异足类物种丰度和同步的温、盐度数据拟合曲线,构建数学模型,计算物种分布的最适温度和盐度值。同时根据以往对异足类生态特征分析的结论,划分东海浮游异足类各物种的生态类型。结果表明,塔明螺(Atlanta turriculata)和拟翼管螺(Firoloi-da desmaresti)分布在外海,具有高温、高盐的适应特征,是热带大洋种。其他为亚热带外海种,其中玫瑰明螺(Atlantarosea)具广温种特征,明螺(Atlanta peroni)适温偏低,有广盐种的特征,大口明螺(Atlanta lesueuri)分布在盐度较高的水域,扁明螺(Atlanta depressa)具有近海种特征。东海浮游异足类总体上属于典型的暖水性生态类型,温、盐适应范围较窄,对水温和盐度敏感,是较好的指示种。东海浮游异足类主要分布在28°00′~30°00′N,124°00′~126°00′E的海域,绝大多数物种难以逾越冷水水团的阻隔,这是浮游异足类很少在黄渤海出现的主要原因之一。浮游异足类生态类型划分在古气象海洋学、海洋地质、海洋物理和海洋生物学的研究中具有重要的意义。     

对CALIS中外文对照工具书101字段第一指示符取值的探讨

对CALIS中外文对照工具书的101字段第一指示符的取值情况进行了调研,对取值不规范、不统一的实例进行了归纳总结;结合编目工作实际,分析、探讨了中外文对照读物101字段第一指示符的取值原则。     

江苏省土地资源禀赋度空间变化研究

本文从土地数量、质量、结构和效益等方面构建了土地资源禀赋度评价指标体系,并采用多边形综合指标法对江苏全省各市县土地资源禀赋现状及空间变化进行了研究。结果表明:①江苏省土地资源禀赋度差异显著,呈现由南向北先递减后递增的规律,总体上苏南好于苏北好于苏中;②1996—2006十年间各市县土地资源禀赋度总体有所下降;③今后应根据区域特点,采取针对措施,提高区域土地资源禀赋度。     

关于建设居民食用农产品供应风险防御机制的思考

新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情带来的风险给居民生活必需农产品的有序供给造成影响,由黑天鹅和灰犀牛理论引发出关于建设居民食用农产品供应风险防御机制的思考,在风险发生的不同时段通过区块链、物联网等新兴数字技术对其进行分析,充分依托数字化农业保障民生、维稳社会秩序。     

Effects of perioperative saphenous and sciatic nerve blocks,lumbosacral epidural or morphine–lidocaine–ketamine infusion on postoperative pain and sedation in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

ObjectiveTo compare the quality of postoperative analgesia and sedation after preoperative saphenous and sciatic nerve blockade, preoperative lumbosacral epidural injection and perioperative intravenous (IV) morphine, lidocaine and ketamine infusions in dogs undergoing stifle arthroscopy and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) under general anesthesia.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, clinical comparison study.AnimalsA total of 45 dogs weighing 33.9 (15.9–56.7) kg and aged 5.2 (1.0–12.0) years, mean (range), undergoing elective unilateral TPLO for spontaneous cranial cruciate ligament rupture.MethodsClient-owned dogs were enrolled. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group MLK, perioperative IV morphine, lidocaine and ketamine infusion; group EPID, lumbosacral epidural with ropivacaine and morphine; or group SSNB, saphenous and sciatic nerve blockade with ropivacaine. Routine stifle arthroscopy followed by TPLO surgery was performed. Sedation and pain scores were assessed at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours following extubation. Rescue analgesia was administered as prescribed by Glasgow composite pain score–short form score >5.ResultsSedation scores for MLK were higher than EPID and SSNB. Pain scores for SSNB were lower than those for EPID and MLK. No significant differences were found in anesthesia duration or surgery duration among groups. No dogs required rescue analgesia.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAlthough analgesia was adequate in all groups, the best combination of analgesia without increased sedation was recorded for SSNB.     

柴油机机体有限元结构分析

以柴油机机体为研究对象,利用ANSYS软件构建了精确的机体有限元接触模型,根据试算和经验确定了位移和载荷边界条件,对机体在各缸最大爆发压力下进行了结构强度和刚度分析,得到了机体在最大爆发压力下的最大变形点和最大应力点,分析了机体、气缸套、挺柱孔、轴瓦各处的变形和应力分布,考查了机体顶面和底面的密封性,并对原机体结构提出了改进建议。     

内蒙古达里诺尔湖水质现状调查

通过应用各种物理及化学仪器分析了达里诺尔湖水温、酸碱度、溶解氧、各种离子、总含盐量等因子,根据以往水质调查结果及这次测定数据比较,达里诺尔湖的pH有不断上升的趋势,这将危及到雅罗鱼及水中生物的生存,而其他各种离子均有小幅度的上升,溶解氧基本能满足鱼类的生存需求.通过水质的调查结果分析,使瓦氏雅罗鱼及其他水生生物更好地发挥在达里诺尔湖中生存的潜力.