竹片覆面胶合板的初步研究

本文研究了以竹片为外层材料、多层杨木单板为芯层材料的复合胶合板的结构和力学性能，分析了板坯结构形式、纵向纵片厚度、单板层数及板坯压缩率与产品机械强度之间的关系。初步研究结果表明，板坯结构形式对产品的静载荷抗弯曲性能影响显著；在试验范围内，纵向竹片厚度为３．５－５．０ｍｍ、板坯压缩率在２３％左右时，竹片覆盖面杨木胶合板的综合力学性能比较理想。     

Influence of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary treatments on mechanical properties of blue-stained Lodgepole Pine wood

Three concentrations （2.8%, 2.0%, 1.2%） of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary （ACQ） was selected to treat Lodgepole pine wood for evaluating ACQ treatment on mechanical properties of blue-stained wood. The bending modules of elasticity （MOE）, modules of rupture （MOR）, toughness and shearing strength parallel to grain on tangential surface, are tested according to the criteria GB1927-1943-91. Non-treated sample were also tested according to the same procedure. The results showed that the three groups specimen impregnated by different concentrations of ACQ solution met the AWPA standard 2003 of America （UC4A 6.4g/cm^3）. There were significant difference of toughness between treated wood and non-treated wood （p=0.01）, but there were no statistically significant differences among three concentrations in terms of toughness, and toughness of treated wood was approximately 20% lower than non-treated. MOR, MOE as well as sheafing strength parallel to grain were found to be not significantly different between treated wood and non-treated one, and there were no statistically significant difference among three concentrations of ACQ too. Toughness, MOR, MOE and sheafing strength parallel to grain increased with decrease of concentration of ACQ, but they were hardly affected by ACQ preservatives.     

木塑构件强度特性的研究

在包装、家具框架中L型构件是一种比较常见的结构形式.本文通过分析跨距对木塑L型构件结构强度和连接结构强度的影响,得出以下结论:跨距对木塑L型构件结构强度的影响非常显著,跨距越短,结构强度越大;跨距对连接结构强度影响也很大,跨距在190mm左右时,连接性能最好.     

Radial and between-family variations of the microfibril angle and the relationships with bending properties in Picea jezoensis families

With emphasis on tree breeding for wood quality in Picea jezoensis, we aimed to evaluate radial and between-family variations in the microfibril angle (MFA) of the S₂ layer in the latewood tracheids in 10 open-pollinated families of 43-year-old P. jezoensis trees. In addition, the relationships between MFA/wood density with the modulus of elasticity (MOE) or modulus of rupture (MOR) were investigated. Significant differences in MFA between families were found from the pith toward the bark. MFA showed higher values around the pith area, although some families showed relatively lower values than others around this area. In addition, due to a larger coefficient of variations of MFA near the pith, the potential for juvenile wood MFA improvement may be greater compared with mature wood. MOE was correlated with MFA in juvenile wood and with wood density in mature wood, whereas MOR was mainly correlated with wood density at radial positions in both woods. Therefore, to improve the MOE and MOR of P. jezoensis wood, both MFA and wood density would be factors to consider in both juvenile and mature woods. On the other hand, there are indications that, only wood density would be an important criterion for improving mature wood properties.     

北美规格材机械分等综述

规格材的机械分等方法是北美一种很重要的分等体系, 即采用机械应力测定设备对木材进行非破坏性试验, 按测定的木材弯曲强度和弹性模量确定木材的材质等级。用于机械分等规格材的分选参数可以因不同工厂机械的具体情况而进行调整, 较目测分等更能适应现代化木材工业的发展要求。文中从分等方法的诞生、机械分等与目测分等相互关系、机械分等方法和标准、分等机构设置等方面介绍了北美规格材机械分等, 在此基础上分析了中国规格材分等的现状并对中国规格材分等提出了参考建议。     

Technical efficiency in the spice based agroforestry sector in Matale district, Sri Lanka

Spices constitute an important sub-sector of the economy of Sri Lanka. Most perennial spices are cultivated in agroforestry types of farming systems. A field survey was conducted covering 127 agroforestry farmers in six divisional secretariats in Matale district during the period of October to December 2002. Technical efficiency of spice based agroforestry systems was estimated in order to identify the potential increase in production without incurring additional costs for farm inputs. The factors affecting technical efficiency and constraints and potential of the agroforestry system were also investigated. According to a stochastic frontier production function using a Cobb–Douglas model, hired labour, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, land size, and soil conservation measures showed significant positive effects on the agroforestry production. The mean technical efficiency of the spice based agroforestry systems was 84.32%. According to the inefficiency model the efficiency increased significantly as a result of farm visits by extension officers, participation in farmer training, less sloping lands, more experience, and higher diversity of the agroforestry system. Technical efficiency decreased, however, with higher education level of the farmer and with higher off-farm income. Unsustainability of the agroforestry system is seen as a result of a␣range of constraints related to productivity, market, technology and institutions.     

Non-timber forest products and household incomes in Bonga forest area,southwestern Ethiopia

We identified the major non-timber forest products （NTFPs）, their contributions to household incomes, and the determinants influenc-ing engagement of households in using NTFPs in the Bonga forest area of Gimbo and Decha Districts of Kaffa Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Six Kebeles （the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia） were sampled from two Districts and 150 households were randomly sampled using propor-tional-to-size techniques based on the number of farm households in each Kebele. Secondary data were collected from and focus group discussions were conducted with selected individuals. The farmers diversified liveli-hood activities such as crop and livestock production, collection of NTFPs and off-farm activities. NTFPs played a significant role in household incomes. The contribution from the major NTFPs （forest coffee, honey and spices） accounted for 47% of annual household in-come. The role of NTFPs was influenced by a number of factors. Vari-ables including being native to the area （＋）, total land holding （＋）, pos-session of livestock （＋） and access to extension （＋） significantly affected forest coffee production. Age of household head （-）, land holding （＋） and distance of the market from the residence （-） significantly affected honey production. Size of landholding （＋）, distance to market （-） and distance of the forest from the residence （-） were significant variables determining the NTFP incomes derived by the households. Attention is needed in the design of policies and strategies for the well-being of households to the contribution of NTFPs to local incomes and the variables that affect the collection of NTFPs must be considered.     

毛竹竹黄片拉伸性能

通过对竹筒直径的测量,得到试验材料平行段并进行取样,再通过端面扫描进行验证。通过对竹黄片拉伸性能测试,得知其拉伸强度平均值为61.37 MPa,竹筒内以及竹筒间强度变异性很大;拉伸弹性模量平均值为8.26 GPa,筒内及筒间变异性很小,具有可靠性。通过对拉伸端面的分析可知,纤维被拔出的拉伸破坏试件强度较大,而且纤维拔出数量越多,强度越大。     

市场经济对云南规划烟区耕地资源的影响分析

为了掌握目前云南规划烟区在耕地资源配置方面的详细情况,以及市场经济对云南规划烟区坡度影响,以最新烤烟种植区划成果数据和坡度格点化数据为基础,分析各州市烤烟种植区划核心区,优质区和适宜区在坡度类型的分布状况和差异,在此基础上结合各州市农村人均可支配收入数据,分析市场经济对云南烤烟种植区坡度的影响.结果表明:云南省烤烟规划...     

加入WTO以来中国农业补贴政策的实施与调整

我国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)以来,政府相继出台了一系列农业补贴政策,并逐年加大各项农业补贴的政策的财政支持力度,扩大补贴范围,2008年仅对种粮农民的两项直接补贴资金规模达到633亿元。本文主要研究我国加入WTO后各项补贴政策出台至今在政策目标、补贴标准、补贴强度、补贴方式、补贴范围等方面的实施与变动与现状。研究发现,补贴标准上,各省虽有提高,但是主要以主产区为主,吉林、黑龙江的补贴标准提高较多,而北京、天津等主销区标准变化不大;补贴到户的方式上,很多省份趋向采取将按粮食实际种植面积补贴改为按核定面积补贴。