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21.
本文应用数理统计方法对邢台县浆水镇9村265户样本资料进行了系统分析。指出农户家庭经营是我国农村普遍存在的基本经营形式。这一新生事物完全适应现阶段农村生产力发展水平,其收入已成为农民收入的主要来源。近年来,农民收入虽有大幅度提高,但水平仍然很低,农户间收入差距也在不断扩大,山区农村经济仍在一个低水平上运行。本文还对影响农民收入水平的相关因素和农户收支结构进行了分析,并有针对性地提出改善家庭经营管理的建议。最后,对加强农户家庭经营方面的研究与领导也提出具体意见。 相似文献
22.
中国自然保护区多处于地理位置偏僻的贫困落后地区,且在有关法律条文规定下,居民对保护区内资源利用受限,特别是核心区和缓冲区中众多的社区居民给自然保护区管理带来压力,自然保护区保护与社区经济发展之间的矛盾日益凸显。文中通过对重点区域长江经济带国家级自然保护区内居民现状进行调查和分析,探讨不同类型自然保护区内社区居民人口密度、经济水平和自然资源依赖程度的差异,并针对自然保护区内社区发展存在的主要问题包括人口众多、经济水平受限等,提出降低保护区内人口密度、多形式提高居民收入、发展生态旅游和加强可持续经营管理等建议。 相似文献
23.
Spices constitute an important sub-sector of the economy of Sri Lanka. Most perennial spices are cultivated in agroforestry types of farming systems. A field survey was conducted covering 127 agroforestry farmers in six divisional secretariats in Matale district during the period of October to December 2002. Technical efficiency of spice based agroforestry systems was estimated in order to identify the potential increase in production without incurring additional costs for farm inputs. The factors affecting technical efficiency and constraints and potential of the agroforestry system were also investigated. According to a stochastic frontier production function using a Cobb–Douglas model, hired labour, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, land size, and soil conservation measures showed significant positive effects on the agroforestry production. The mean technical efficiency of the spice based agroforestry systems was 84.32%. According to the inefficiency model the efficiency increased significantly as a result of farm visits by extension officers, participation in farmer training, less sloping lands, more experience, and higher diversity of the agroforestry system. Technical efficiency decreased, however, with higher education level of the farmer and with higher off-farm income. Unsustainability of the agroforestry system is seen as a result of a␣range of constraints related to productivity, market, technology and institutions. 相似文献
24.
We identified the major non-timber forest products (NTFPs), their contributions to household incomes, and the determinants influenc-ing engagement of households in using NTFPs in the Bonga forest area of Gimbo and Decha Districts of Kaffa Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Six Kebeles (the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia) were sampled from two Districts and 150 households were randomly sampled using propor-tional-to-size techniques based on the number of farm households in each Kebele. Secondary data were collected from and focus group discussions were conducted with selected individuals. The farmers diversified liveli-hood activities such as crop and livestock production, collection of NTFPs and off-farm activities. NTFPs played a significant role in household incomes. The contribution from the major NTFPs (forest coffee, honey and spices) accounted for 47% of annual household in-come. The role of NTFPs was influenced by a number of factors. Vari-ables including being native to the area (+), total land holding (+), pos-session of livestock (+) and access to extension (+) significantly affected forest coffee production. Age of household head (-), land holding (+) and distance of the market from the residence (-) significantly affected honey production. Size of landholding (+), distance to market (-) and distance of the forest from the residence (-) were significant variables determining the NTFP incomes derived by the households. Attention is needed in the design of policies and strategies for the well-being of households to the contribution of NTFPs to local incomes and the variables that affect the collection of NTFPs must be considered. 相似文献
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26.
加入WTO以来中国农业补贴政策的实施与调整 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)以来,政府相继出台了一系列农业补贴政策,并逐年加大各项农业补贴的政策的财政支持力度,扩大补贴范围,2008年仅对种粮农民的两项直接补贴资金规模达到633亿元。本文主要研究我国加入WTO后各项补贴政策出台至今在政策目标、补贴标准、补贴强度、补贴方式、补贴范围等方面的实施与变动与现状。研究发现,补贴标准上,各省虽有提高,但是主要以主产区为主,吉林、黑龙江的补贴标准提高较多,而北京、天津等主销区标准变化不大;补贴到户的方式上,很多省份趋向采取将按粮食实际种植面积补贴改为按核定面积补贴。 相似文献
27.
Baojian Wu Xiang Lin Muhammad Fraz Ali Dong Wang 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2023,209(1):188-203
Latest published information is limited on agronomic responses of winter wheat to irrigation quantity and the necessity of irrigation at the anthesis stage. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate winter wheat yield, water use, assimilate redistribution and economic benefit with respect to water input and (2) quantify relationship between water input and yield to develop a standard for withholding irrigation at anthesis. A 4-year long field experiment was conducted to evaluate winter wheat water use, yield formation pathway and farmers' income under three irrigation regimes: rainfed, irrigation at sowing and jointing (SJ-W) and irrigation at sowing, jointing and anthesis (SJA-W). The yield formation pathway was correlated with the water-induced variation in assimilate redistribution and accumulation. Throughout the experimental period, wheat yield was 19–38% lower in rainfed than that under other irrigation treatments. Moreover, SJ-W treatment substantially increased biomass accumulation at anthesis, accelerated assimilate redistribution in vegetative organs and eventually resulted in a similar wheat yield to that of SJA-W. Simultaneously, the SJ-W treatment had lower irrigation water, reduced additional irrigation cost, suppressed yield loss and obtained a similar farmer's net income to the SJA-W treatment. Water-induced variations in yield were determined by irrigation, rainfall and soil water storage. SJ-W plots receiving 204–331 mm water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and holding 549–587 mm soil water during anthesis stage achieved higher irrigation water use efficiency and yield relative to the rainfed and SJA-W plots. In contrast, water input under rainfed plots exceeded 200 mm before anthesis, limiting yield substantially even when seasonal soil water consumption exceeded 160 mm. Developing a standard for withholding irrigation at the anthesis stage should incorporate 204–331 mm of water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and 549–587 mm soil water storage at anthesis, which could achieve a high wheat yield and save water resources. 相似文献
28.
Reuben M.J. Kadigi Ntengua S.Y. Mdoe Gasper C. Ashimogo Sylvie Morardet 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(8):984-992
The need for achieving efficient, equitable and sustainable use of water resources to meet water demands of different sectors is pressing, particularly in areas where water resources are dwindling. Along with this is the quest for having a good understanding of the value of water in its different uses. Using a simplified model derived from the residual imputation approach (the Change in Net Income Model) we assess the value of water in irrigated paddy and hydropower generation in the Great Ruaha River Catchment (GRRC) in Tanzania. The estimated productivity of water (PW) in irrigated paddy ranges from 0.059 to 0.250 kg/m3 (for withdrawn water) and 0.126 to 0.265 kg/m3 (for consumed water). The PW in hydropower generation is estimated to range from 0.45 to 1.68 kWh/m3. In monetary terms the value of water in irrigated paddy is estimated at 15.3 Tanzanian shilling (Tsh)/m3 (for water withdrawn) and 0.19 Tsh/m3 (for water consumed). The values of water for hydropower generation are relatively higher than for irrigated paddy, ranging from 59 to 226 Tsh/m3. Yet, irrigated paddy also supports livelihoods of about 30,000 agrarian families in the GRRC, with gross revenue of about Tsh 15.9 million per annum and GRCC paddy contributes about 14–24% of national rice production. We conclude that understanding the value of water in its alternative uses is key to fostering informed debate on water management and allocation, identifying the basis for making ‘agreeable’ trade-offs, the potential for improvement and creating linkages with water allocation options particularly in agricultural-based economies, where agriculture competes with other sectors and where water re-allocation decisions may involve large transfers of water from the sector generating the highest pro-poor returns (agriculture for this case) to the sectors generating the highest economic returns (hydropower generation and industrial uses). 相似文献
29.
一种用于农业产业化经营决策的估计方法——农副产品需求的收入弹性估计方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了促进农业产业化经营决策的科学化,运用收入弹性理论,研究了我国农副产品需求的估计方法,探讨了农业产业化经营决策应遵循的思路。 相似文献
30.
在今年“两会”上通过的“十一五”规划纲要中明确提出:“加快推进收入分配制度改革”和“更加注重社会公平”。表述中增加了“加快”和“更加”加以强调,于是,改革收入分配制度的紧迫性和重要性凸显出来。本论文就目前我国收入分配的基本现状以及产生收入分配不合理的成因展开论述,并就如何改善我国收入分配不合理的现状提出相应对策。 相似文献