Impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions: Evidence from low-income regions in China

This study examines the impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions, using survey data collected from low-income regions in China. Given farmers decide themselves whether to cultivate cash crops, an endogenous treatment regression model that accounts for potential selection bias issue is used to analyze the data. The empirical results show that cash crop cultivation exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on household income, but it does not affect household migration decisions significantly. The disaggregated analyses reveal that cash crop cultivation significantly increases farm income but decreases off-farm income.     

Ridge-furrow plastic mulching with a suitable planting density enhances rainwater productivity,grain yield and economic benefit of rainfed maize

Soil surface mulching and planting density regulation are widely used for effective utilization of limited rainwater resources and improvement of crop productivity in dryland farming.However,the combined effects of mulching type and planting density on maize growth and yield have been seldom studied,especially in different hydrological years.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of mulching type and planting density on the soil temperature,growth,grain yield(GY),water use efficiency(WUE)and economic benefit of rainfed maize in the drylands of northern China during 2015-2017.Precipitation fluctuated over the three years.There were four mulching types(NM,flat cultivation with non-mulching;SM,flat cultivation with straw mulching;RP,plastic-mulched ridge plus bare furrow;RPFS,plastic-mulched ridge plus straw-mulched furrow)and three planting densities(LD,low planting density,45.0×10^3 plants/hm^2;MD,medium planting density,67.5×10^3 plants/hm^2;HD,high planting density,90.0×10^3 plants/hm^2).Results showed that soil temperature was higher with RP and lower with SM compared with NM,but no significant difference was found between RPFS and NM.More soil water was retained by soil mulching at the early growth stage,but it significantly varied at the middle and late growth stages.Maize growth was significantly improved by soil mulching.With increasing planting density,stem diameter,net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content tended to decline,whereas a single-peak trend in biomass yield was observed.Mulching type and planting density did not have significant effect on evapotranspiration(ET),but GY and WUE were significantly affected.There were significant interacting effects of mulching type and planting density on biomass yield,GY,ET and WUE.Compared with NM,RPFS,RP and SM increased GY by 57.5%,50.8%and 18.9%,and increased WUE by 66.6%,54.3%and 18.1%,respectively.At MD,GY increased by 41.4%and 25.2%,and WUE increased by 38.6%and 22.4%compared with those of at LD and HD.The highest maize GY(7023.2 kg/hm^2)was observed under MD+RPFS,but the value(6699.1 kg/hm^2)was insignificant under MD+RP.Similar trends were observed for WUE under MD+RP and MD+RPFS,but no significant difference was observed between these two combinations.In terms of economic benefit,net income under MD+RP was the highest with a 9.8%increase compared with that of under MD+RPFS.Therefore,we concluded that RP cultivation pattern with a suitable planting density(67.5×10^3 plants/hm^2)is promising for rainwater resources utilization and maize production in the drylands of northern China.     

农村宅基地制度改革与农民增收——基于6个试点县(市、区)面板数据的双重差分分析

以6个农村宅基地制度改革试点县(市、区)的885户农户面板数据为基础,采用倾向评分匹配法和双重差分法,分别以农民年人均收入和农民年人均财产性收入作为被解释变量,分析在固定年份效应和固定农户效应前提下的宅基地制度改革对促进农民增收的影响程度。结果表明:宅基地制度改革能促进农民年人均财产性收入增长,但对促进农民年人均收入增长没有显著影响。因此,要通过农村宅基地制度改革来促进农民增收,需要重点聚焦如何提高农民财产性收入。建议推进城镇化,引进市场机制,配套相关改革措施。     

智慧农业背景下大数据与农民增收之间的关系

自信息化时代以来,大数据时代是继物联网、云计算的又一次技术变革,这次变革加速了传统农业向数字农业、信息农业的转变。智慧农业的发展,创造了多维的与农业有关的数据。阐述了在农产品种植前的规划、种植时的管理和收获之后的营销,在已有的数据中挖掘可用的信息,农民可以准确掌握市场供需情况,合理安排种植,做到精准农业,帮助农民提升收入。     

“门当户对”的婚姻更幸福吗——以夫妻双方个人特征差距为视角

夫妻双方的年龄、受教育程度、收入以及户籍方面的差异会影响婚后的主观幸福感。夫妻双方的年龄差距越大,生活幸福感越弱,且这种影响更多地存在于男性和农业户籍人口中;夫妻双方的受教育程度差距虽然有利于女性主观幸福感的提升,却会恶化男性的主观幸福感;夫妻双方的收入差距越大,生活幸福感越强,且对于女性和农业户籍人口而言,收入差距对生活幸福感的影响更为显著;与夫妻双方都是农业户籍相比,夫妻双方都是非农业户籍的幸福感更强。夫妻双方的个人特征差异对婚后主观幸福感的影响存在性别与户籍差异。     

采砂采石新增占用林地与区域社会发展间的关系研究

为预测采砂采石场建设对林地的需求,科学制定林地保护利用规划,采用昭通市森林督察数据库中提取的各县区数据和相关社会经济情况组成33个样本,利用线性回归分析方法研究影响采砂采石与相关社会发展因素之间的关系。结果表明,区域人口、GDP、农村居民收入、林地占国土面积的比例在0.1水平上与砂石场新增图斑数呈线性关系,其中农村居民收入与砂石场新增图斑数呈负相关关系;而城镇居民收入与砂石场新增数量间无相关关系。     

农业保险能否保障农民种粮收益？

为探究农业保险对农民种粮收益的保障效果,基于2021年山东和辽宁省1 546份入户调研数据,通过倾向得分匹配法、工具变量法和IV-Tobit等方法进行了实证分析。结果表明：农业保险及保障深度对农户种粮收益具有显著的正向影响,赔付额度对种粮收益的影响不显著,可能是由于实际赔付中理赔不规范所致。进一步的机制分析表明：农业保险主要通过扩大经营规模,提高信贷可得和降低生产风险来保障农户种粮收益。相较于低兼业水平农户,农业保险对高兼业水平农户种粮收益的保障效果更明显;与未受灾农户相比,农业保险对受灾农户种粮收益的保障效果更显著。     

农村劳动价格、收入结构变化与柑橘种植布局变迁

在农村劳动力持续转移背景下,探讨农村劳动价格、农户收入结构变化对柑橘种植布局变迁的影响,对于促进柑橘产业发展和保障农民增收具有重要意义。在理论推导基础上,利用柑橘主产省的面板数据建立固定效应模型,从全局和分区两个视角实证研究农村劳动价格、农户收入结构对我国柑橘种植布局的影响。结果表明:农业用工价格和非农就业工资的提高对柑橘种植产生负向影响,我国柑橘种植布局正由农村劳动价格较高的浙-闽-粤地区向农村劳动价格较低、以农业经营为主要收入来源的赣南-湘南-桂北扩张;工资性收入提高对柑橘种植产生的收入效应和生产总成本上涨产生的抑制效应,共同作用致使长江中游和鄂西柑橘带种植面积缓慢增长,形成我国柑橘种植“西移内扩”趋势。故而以调控农村劳动力转移、农户收入结构为切入点,是优化柑橘种植布局的重要思路。     

多因素影响下农民收入增加的综合能力分析——以贵州省新农村“百村试点”为例

将省级新农村建设示范点小康村、温饱村、贫困村各自相邻(农村经济水平尽量相近)的对照村(非示范村)作为对比进行抽样调查,通过多因素影响对增加农民收入的综合能力进行分析,结果表明:对照村农民人均年收入均低于示范村,说明政府资金投入对示范村的当地产业发展、相应的配套政策和宏观指导有积极的推动作用;农民人均年收入、人力资本受教育程度、区位优势是农民收入增加3个主要制约因素;外出务工的工资性收入的增加、贵州近年自然灾害频发、农业生产的经济成本不断提高是农村劳动力减半的主要原因。根据以上调研结果,提出贵州新农村建设需要采取的相应对策。     

农业机械化与农民增收关系的交互动态响应分析——基于吉林省统计核算数据

为探究农业机械化发展与农民增收之间的关系,以吉林省1998—2018年的时间序列数据为例,通过灰色关联分析和构建VAR模型,利用脉冲响应函数和方差分解分别探讨农业机械化与农民增收之间的关系。结果表明:农业机械化发展与农民人均纯收入之间的灰色关联度为0.8345,关系比较密切;吉林省农业机械化发展与农民人均纯收入之间存在长期均衡关系。从长期来看,农业机械总动力每增加1%,农民人均纯收入会上涨1.4561%;吉林省农业机械化发展与农民人均纯收入之间存在双向因果关系,两者之间相互影响,而且农业机械化发展对农民人均纯收入增长的影响程度更大。最后,为更好地促进吉林省农业机械化发展提出相关建议。