牦牛细管冻精人工授精情期受胎率的观察

对150头母牦牛开展了牦牛细管冻精人工授精试验。试验结果显示:试验母牛在第一情期发情率63.33%,第二情期发情率50.00%,第一情期与第二情期发情差异性不显著﹙P>0.05﹚。第一情期受胎率为53.95%,第二情期受胎率88.46%,第一情期与第二情期受胎率之间差异极显著﹙P<0.01﹚;试验组母牛平均受胎率62.75%与对照组80.00%受胎率之间无差异(P>0.05)。     

野生毛葡萄“花溪 4”试管苗对PEG胁迫的形态及生理响应

【目的】研究毛葡萄“花溪-4”试管苗在聚乙二醇（PEG）胁迫下的形态和生理响应,为毛葡萄苗期抗旱性鉴定提供依据。【方法】以毛葡萄单株“花溪-4”试管苗为试材,通过在培养基中加入不同质量浓度（0,30,60,90 g/L）PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究“花溪-4”外观形态、保护酶系统、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化。【结果】不同质量浓度PEG胁迫对“花溪-4”试管苗生长的抑制程度不同,其质量浓度越大、胁迫时间越长,旱害越严重,对“花溪-4”试管苗生长的抑制效果越明显。随着PEG质量浓度的升高和胁迫时间的延长,“花溪-4”叶片中的MDA和H₂O₂含量均逐渐上升,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性则呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,且各生理指标峰值的出现时间与PEG质量浓度的高低相关,其质量浓度越高,峰值出现越早。MDA和H₂O₂含量与旱害指数（DI）呈极显著正相关,POD与DI呈极显著负相关,而SOD、CAT与DI相关性不显著。【结论】PEG胁迫会诱导“花溪-4”试管苗叶片内的H₂O₂含量上升,膜脂过氧化加重,而POD在试管苗活性氧清除中起主要作用;随PEG胁迫程度的加剧和胁迫时间的延长,“花溪-4”试管苗生长所受到的抑制作用增强。     

不同培养载体对小麦条锈菌夏孢子人工萌发的影响

为探索适合小麦条锈菌寄主体外萌发的载体,并建立基于不同研究目的的小麦条锈菌夏孢子人工萌发技术,采用超声波水雾培养法,以小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR32为供试材料,探讨了不同培养载体对小麦条锈菌夏孢子萌发特性的影响.在最适温度和湿度条件下,以4种不同材料为培养载体,小麦条锈菌夏孢子的萌发率、芽管生长率和外观显示情况有显著差异.在尼龙纱网上的夏孢子萌发速度和芽管伸长速度最快,12 h内萌发率最高可达93.40％,芽管最长可达446.71 μm;亲水滤膜上夏孢子的萌发率和芽管长仅次于纱网;亲水塑料膜和PVDF膜上夏孢子的萌发率均高于普通亲水载玻片,而芽管长度低于普通亲水载玻片.采用侧光照明时,在亲水滤膜和PVDF膜上极易清晰观测到夏孢子及其芽管内的黄色颗粒物.在亲水塑料膜上,还可观察到夏孢子萌发12 h后,芽管尾部膨大形成类似附着胞的结构.结果显示,超声波水雾可使条锈菌夏孢子处于水分饱和的环境,而纱网纤维组成的小格具有很好的保水结露功能,能使夏孢子萌发快,萌发效率高,芽管生长快;另一方面,使用其他培养载体还可满足观测条锈菌夏孢子内黄色颗粒物向芽管内转移和芽管尾部形成类似附着胞结构的目的.     

Soil characteristics of raised sphagnum bog in relation to intensively grown deciduous species

Peat bulk density, water content, and pH were studied on a raised bog in central Sweden with particular attention to the demand of the crops. Volume defined samples of the 0–30 cm soil layers were taken during 1981 and 1982 in order to find out seasonal patterns and between‐treatment variations of the soil characteristics. Four plots with different liming, fertilization, and irrigation regimes were included in the investigation. Two willow plots (Salix viminalis and S. dasyclados) and one plot with Alnus incana were all irrigated‐fertilized by drip tubes during the growing season while an unplanted reference plot was not. Large variations in the studied soil properties occurred within all the plots at any time, to a great extent depending on variations in the mixture of Eriophorum and Sphagnum in the peat. Peat bulk density tended to be higher in the irrigated‐fertilized plots than in the reference plot and averaged about 70 and 63 g . dm^?3, respectively. Water content increased rapidly with depth in the irrigated plots and the pores were filled with water to about 90% at 6 cm depth. Seasonal fluctuations were small. The reference plot contained less water than the irrigated ones and the water content increased almost linearly with increased depth in this plot. The seasonal fluctuations were large, with the lowest water content in late summer. A somewhat higher degree of humification and a higher water‐holding capacity was found in the soil of irrigated‐fertilized plots than in the reference. Microbiological activity, decomposition rate of litter, and recycling of nutrients should be high and favourable under these circumstances resulting in increased soil fertility. The soil also contained enough air in the pores to allow good root growth. Liming increased pH in the 0–30 cm soil layer and irrigated‐fertilized plots showed a faster increase of pH than the reference plot. However, the pH profiles obtained were concluded to be non‐optimal for the root growth of willow but satisfactory for grey alder. The use of KCI solution instead of distilled water in pH measurements resulted in lower pH values but also in smaller seasonal fluctuations. The difference was smaller near the soil surface than further down in the peat, indicating a higher base saturation in upper soil layers than in lower.     

现浇空心板施工工法

本文结合工程实例，论述现浇空心板的特点及适用范围，并介绍了现浇空心板施工程序要点及经济效益。     

矩形框筒结构分析

本文基于连续化模型和势能变分原理,得到矩形框筒结构的控制微分方程组,从微分方程组解得满足边界条件的位移函数,成功地统一解决了等刚度和阶梯刚度框筒结构分析的问题。     

单板干燥机的异径丫型管的设计

本文对单板干燥机的异径丫型管设计、进行四种方案分析比较,从中选出最佳方案,并对制作工艺、放样、板厚处理进行了讨论。     

Coleoptile cuticle of barley is necessary for the increase in appressorial turgor pressure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Blumeria graminis</Emphasis> for penetration

To determine whether the cuticle of the barley coleoptile is responsible for a rise in appressorial turgor pressure in Blumeria graminis, we determined the appressorial turgor pressure by measuring cytorrhysis and plasmolysis in the presence of PEG6000. Appressorial turgor pressure significantly increased 13–14 h after inoculation. On the other hand, when the cuticle was completely removed from the barley coleoptile surface with diethyl ether, turgor pressure did not increase. Moreover, when we then recoated the surface with the exogenous barley cuticle fraction, appressorial turgor pressure significantly increased 12–13 h after inoculation. These results suggest that the cuticle on the surface of the barley coleoptile is necessary for the increase in the appressorial turgor pressure.     

苦瓜试管苗的快速繁殖

利用不同激素浓度的MS培养基对苦瓜试管苗进行快速繁殖的研究.结果表明:KT浓度为3.0 mg/L时,苦瓜试管苗丛生芽的增殖效果最佳,增殖倍数达4.9倍;试管苗在MS NAA 0.1 mg/L和大量元素减半的MS 蔗糖1%的培养基中可以生根,生根率都达100%.     

The role of primary germ tubes (PGT) in the life cycle of Blumeria graminis: The stopping of PGT elongation is necessary for the triggering of appressorial germ tube (AGT) emergence

The conidia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), following contact with a host surface, first form a short germ tube, called the primary germ tube (PGT), and then an elongating germ tube emerges. It differentiates into an appressorial germ tube (AGT), and then the AGT elongates and swells. It forms a hooked, appressorial lobe that penetrates the epidermal cell wall of the host. In a series of infections, the positive role of PGT in the morphogenesis of the fungus is unclear except for the possibility reported by Carver and Ingerson that the growth of a long germ tube, with the potential to differentiate into an appressorium, seems to be dependent on the perception of a suitable host surface through contact with the PGT. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to further clarify the role of PGT in the morphogenesis of the fungus. When the conidia of Bgh were inoculated onto the coleoptile surface whose cuticle was removed with cellulose acetate, the emergence of the AGT was delayed. This delay was related to the length of the PGT. That is, on the cuticleless coleoptile surface the PGT tended to continue elongating without stopping. If there were gaps on the coleoptile surface such as a cell border on the more hydrophilic substratum like cuticleless coleoptile surface, the PGT stopped elongating there and after that the AGT emerged. Moreover, the length of PGT in the beginning of AGT emergence was same as that of the PGT after appressorium formation. This means that PGT elongation had stopped when AGT began to emerge. Therefore, it is necessary to stop the PGT elongation for the triggering of AGT emergence.