土壤脲酶抑制剂正丁基硫代磷酰三胺的作用基团研究

土壤脲酶抑制剂正丁基硫代磷酰三胺(nBPT)是抑制土壤中尿素水解的最有效的化合物之一。分析大连工业大学合成的土壤脲酶抑制剂nBPT抑制脲酶活性的影响因素及作用机理,结果表明:在50°C,pH=5.91时,nBPT的抑制活性达到最大值;在nBPT各结构基团中,正丁基(-NH(CH2)3CH3)、硫基(-S)对nBPT与脲酶的结合起辅助作用,胺基(-NH2)是nBPT与脲酶结合的关键基团,与脲酶活性部位巯基(-SH)结合。土壤脲酶抑制剂nBPT与脲酶的具体结合机理还有待继续研究。     

Crop management effects on soil carbon sequestration on selected farmers’ fields in northeastern Ohio

Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest among terrestrial pools. The restoration of SOC pool in arable lands represents a potential sink for atmospheric CO₂. Restorative management of SOC includes using organic manures, adopting legume-based crop rotations, and converting plow till to a conservation till system. A field study was conducted to analyze soil properties on two farms located in Geauga and Stark Counties in northeastern Ohio, USA. Soil bulk density decreased with increase in SOC pool for a wide range of management systems. In comparison with wooded control, agricultural fields had a lower SOC pool in the 0–30 cm depth. In Geauga County, the SOC pool decreased by 34% in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in a complex rotation with manuring and 51% in unmanured continuous corn (Zea mays L.). In Stark County, the SOC pool decreased by 32% in a field systematically amended with poultry manure and 40% in the field receiving only chemical fertilizers. In comparison with continuous corn, the rate of SOC sequestration in Geauga County was 379 kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in no-till corn (2 years) previously in hay (12 years), 760 kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in a complex crop rotation receiving manure and chemical fertilizers, and 355 kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ without manuring. The rate of SOC sequestration was 392 kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ on manured field in Stark County.     

自控变频调速式灌溉水注肥装置的研究

为现代农业节水灌溉与精准施肥所需的配套注肥装置的开发,研究采用输液泵将肥料原液和酸碱调节液强行注入灌溉管网,并与灌溉水按比例混合获得一定浓度和酸碱度(EC & pH)的灌溉液。灌溉液浓度和酸碱度通过EC传感器和pH传感器检测并反馈PLC控制系统,通过变频调速进行EC值与pH值动态调节,实现节水灌溉系统的精准施肥灌溉。采用自控变频调速技术的灌溉水注肥装置经过实际运行,完全满足设计要求,可实现灌溉液的正常输送和EC值与pH的动态调节。特别是射流自吸泵变频调速技术的实现,不仅有效实现了灌溉液浓度（EC值）的动态调节,同时降低了设备成本,完全可用于节水灌溉注肥装置的开发。     

Amelioration of a highly degraded tropical alfisol by planting I. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties 1989-91

This paper examines soil amelioration by planting 15 leguminous and graminaceous plant species, including herbaceous annuals, perennials and biennials, and woody perennials and biennials. Disturbed and undisturbed natural regrowth were planted with leguminous species, in some cases with fertilizer applied at planting (400 kg ha⁻¹ of 15:15:15 NPK). The studies were made on two highly degraded sites in southwestern Nigeria which had been subjected to intensive mechanized cropping for a period of 10 years. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties were monitored from 1989 to 1991. Acacia difficilis, Brachiaria lata and Mucuna utilis had the lowest survival rates by the following growing season. Soil fertility and compaction levels differed between sites. Planting had no effect on the latter. The decreases in compaction (i.e. macroporosity) between 0.00 and 0.10 m depth at both sites one month before and five and 17 months after planting were 43, 59 and 61 per cent, respectively were attributed to exclusion of heavy machinery from the sites. Large decreases in fertility occurred at both sites and were attributed to a combination of nutrient extraction and to leaching. Between fallow species, exchangeable Ca, pH and the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) were greater and total acids lower for herbaceous cover compared with woody perennials, and was attributed to a higher Ca demand by the latter. Highest and lowest values of Ca, CEC and pH occurred in plots where plant material was returned to the soil (i.e. by cutting or die-back) and in cropped plots, respectively. Natural regrowth was as effective or better than planted species in improving soil physical and chemical properties. Therefore the use of exotic plant species for ameliorating highly degraded alfisols is unnecessary. Amelioration of highly degraded alfisols may be best effected by allowing natural regrowth to occur while excluding all mechanized traffic from the site.     

不同状态培养基下pH对香菇、滑菇及金针菇漆酶活性的影响

考察不同物理状态培养基条件下pH对香菇、滑菇、金针菇漆酶活性的影响,为香菇、滑菇、金针菇的栽培提供重要参考。固化培养基以及液体培养基以NaOH作为碱化剂,固体培养基以壳灰作为碱化剂,考察不同pH对3种食用菌漆酶活性的影响。结果表明：微碱化培养可提高3种不同食用菌的漆酶活力,并与培养基的物理状态有关。香菇在固化、液体、固体培养基中,pH分别为6.5、6.5以及6.0时漆酶活性最高,比对照提高5.3%~14.0%;金针菇适宜的pH分别为7.0、6.0和6.5,与对照相比提高35.9%~343.0%;滑菇适宜的pH均为6.0,与对照相比提高3.1%~94.9%。     

增氧对粉绿狐尾藻氮素吸收及其底泥微环境的影响

为探明增氧对粉绿狐尾藻氮素吸收及其底泥微环境的影响,本研究以粉绿狐尾藻为材料进行盆栽试验,以不增氧处理为对照(CK),分别设置O₁(4 min)、O₂(6 min)、O₃(8 min)、O₄(10 min)4个增氧水平,系统研究了粉绿狐尾藻不同生长时期氮素吸收及其底泥铵态氮、硝态氮含量等的变化规律,揭示了增氧调控底泥微环境、提高粉绿狐尾藻对水体氮污染物降解能力的机理。结果表明：无论增氧与否,粉绿狐尾藻根部和地上部氮素吸收量及植株氮素积累量均随生长时间延长呈逐渐增加趋势,且地上部氮素吸收量均高于根部;与CK相比,生长前期(t₁、t₂时期)增氧8 min、中后期(t₃、t₄、t₅时期)增氧6 min对应的粉绿狐尾藻氮素吸收与积累量均最大,其中增氧6 min对应t₅时期的粉绿狐尾藻植株氮积累量为171.08 mg·株^-1。增氧使粉绿狐尾藻生长前期底泥pH...     

pH值对绿色木霉合成纤维素酶的影响

以绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)为产酶菌,研究了不同pH值控制方法对绿色木霉合成纤维素酶的影响。结果表明,初始pH值对绿色木霉合成纤维素酶的影响较大,当初始pH值为4.5时,纤维素酶活力到第7天达到40.74 IU/ml;而初始pH值为6.0时,纤维素酶活力到第7天仅有29.02 IU/ml。采用产酶过程调控pH值,当pH值7.5为最佳调控点,此时纤维素酶活力最高可达41.35 IU/ml。采用0.1mol/L的柠檬酸缓冲液调节产酶过程中的培养基pH值;经过6 d培养;纤维素酶活力可达58.70 IU/ml。     

玉米灰斑病菌菌丝生长的最适温度和pH值

应用SAS软件对玉米灰斑病菌菌落直径数据进行模拟.结果表明,模型y=xa2(c-x2)bEXP(dEXP(-ex1))能反映该病菌菌丝随时间和温度的变化情况,最佳模型为y=x1.29262(28.15-x2)a1743XP(-2.494 7EXP(-0.050 7x1));模型y=EXP(-(ax23 bx3 c))(dx1 e)能反映该病菌菌丝随时间和pH值的变化情况,最优模型为y=EXP(-0.0123x23 0.143 3x3)(0.0582x1 1.464 8);该病菌菌丝生长最适温度为24.81℃,最适pH值为5.82.pH值对菌丝生长的影响几乎是正态分布形式,而温度对菌丝生长的影响是偏态形式.     

不同温度对扬州盐水鹅品质的影响

[目的]为了保证扬州盐水鹅的卫生质量和品质。[方法]对扬州盐水鹅在不同保存温度下菌落总数、菌相和pH值的变化进行试验性观察。[结果]当菌落总数达到106 cfu/g、腿肌pH值为6.5以上时,均有异味产生;腐败过程中的优势菌种,37℃为肠球菌属和葡萄球菌属,20℃为变形杆菌属,4℃为假单胞菌属;对于当天制作并于中午出售的盐水鹅,其保存期限建议值为:37℃不超过7 h,20℃不超过24 h,4℃不超过6 d。[结论]该研究为建立健全可供盐水鹅新鲜度鉴定使用的卫生评价指标提供了依据。     

TV1草菇主要生物学特性研究

对ＴＶ１草菇菌丝在不同培养基,不同温度,不同ｐＨ值上生长速度和生长势进行了比较与测定,同时对阳畦生料栽培ＴＶ１草菇内出菇时间,产量及子实体形态进行了观察与测定。结果表明ＴＶ１草菇菌丝生长的最适母种培养在与马铃薯综合培养基和棉籽皮综合培养基;菌丝在３４～３８℃条件下生长最好;菌丝生长的最适ｐＨ值为７～８。阳畦栽培结果发现ＴＶ１草菇在棉籽皮培养料上生长快,耐高温,每百千克干料可产鲜菇４０ｋｇ以上,子实