几种培养因子对喹诺酮类药物抑制体外嗜水气单胞菌活性的影响

研究了培养基酸碱度(pH)、镁离子(Mg2+)、细菌接种量及小牛血清对4种喹诺酮药物抑制鱼类体外病原菌嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonashydrophila的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的影响。结果表明,当pH为7和8时,4种药物的MIC和MBC均最小,当pH升高或降低时,MIC和MBC均明显升高,抑菌活性明显降低。Mg2+对4种药物的体外抗菌活性均有不同程度的影响,随着Mg2+浓度的升高,环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的MIC和MBC均升高;当Mg2+浓度为0～2 0mg/mL时,二氟沙星的MIC无明显变化;Mg2+浓度为1 0mg/mL时,二氟沙星的MBC由0 8μg/mL上升到3 2μg/mL,单诺沙星的MIC为0 00625μg/mL,但随着Mg2+浓度的增加,MIC和MBC均有升高。细菌接种量为102～105CFU/mL时,环丙沙星和二氟沙星的MIC和MBC均无变化,只有当菌数增至106CFU/mL时,MIC和MBC才开始随着接种细菌量的增加而增加。血清能明显降低4种喹诺酮类药物的体外抑菌活性。     

异丙草胺光解体系中溶液酸度及电导率变化与降解的协同效应

采用自制光降解反应器研究了异丙草胺光解体系中溶液酸度及电导率的变化及与降解率的关系。结果表明,伴随光解进行,溶液的电导率和pH值同时产生有规律的变化。随着光照时间的延长,溶液电导率呈指数增加,到光解反应终了时,电导率增大近10倍,同时溶液电导率与溶液中异丙草胺的降解率亦呈指数对应关系。光解还造成溶液酸度增加,50mg·L-1异丙草胺溶液光照前后pH值由5.96降至3.35。根据对光解产物的分析,推测这两种数值的变化主要原因是异丙草胺的光解羟化脱氯。光解体系初始酸度的改变,对异丙草胺光解速率也有影响,酸度增大,明显抑制了异丙草胺的光解,而碱性环境加速了异丙草胺的光解。溶液酸度与光解进程具有良好的协同性。     

4种菌根真菌对五氯酚耐受性及其生理基础研究

通过纯培养的方法，研究了4种外生菌根真菌——美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)、褐环乳牛肝菌(Suillus luteus)、丝膜菌、(Cortinarrus russus)和厚环粘盖乳牛肝菌(Suillus grevillei)的生长效应、对五氯酚的耐受性，并采用点试方法对真菌氧化还原酶的产生情况进行了检测。结果表明，4种外生菌根真菌在MM培养基上的生长速率显著高于MMN培养基。4种外生菌根真菌对五氯酚均有一定的耐受性，厚环粘盖乳牛肝菌(Suillus grevillei)耐受性最高，其生长抑制率显著低于其它真菌。酶测试结果表明，厚环粘盖乳牛肝菌是4种真菌中氧化还原酶活性较强且酶种类多样的菌株，它表现出很高的过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和漆酶活性，是一种具有高效降解芳环结构污染物潜力的菌根真菌。4种真菌在生物量和“酸化效应”方面差异较大。厚环粘盖乳牛肝菌(Suillus grevillei)对五氯酚的高耐受性可能与其产酶特性和“酸化效应”有关。     

适于玫烟色拟青霉液相发酵生产的培养基和初始接种量及pH

从美国引进对刺吸式口器害虫具侵染力的玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)菌株Pfr116,用5种培养液在25 ℃下进行深层培养,以菌丝生物量作为指标筛选出了适合于工业生产的发酵液配方(w/v):食用蔗糖2%,马铃薯20%,蛋白胨0.1%,NaNO3 0.01%,KCl 0.01%,MgSO4 0.025%,MnSO4 0.005%,FeSO4 0.005%及KH2PO4 0.05%.用此培养液对Pfr116 菌株进行48 h的深层发酵,可获>20 mg/mL的干菌丝产量,与萨氏培养液的菌丝产量无显著差异.通过对液培初始接种量和pH值进行优化,确定最佳初始接种量为培养液的菌丝含量1.5 ～2.0 mg/mL,最佳初始pH值为5～7.     

干旱、外源ABA和不同pH溶液对玉米木质部汁液pH的影响

干旱胁迫和外源ABA处理玉米幼苗后 ,根、茎的木质部汁液pH升高 ,叶中木质部汁液 pH略有降低 ;不同 pH外源溶液处理也都不同程度改变了木质部汁液 pH ,其中以 pH值为 6的外源溶液处理后的效果最明显。     

The response of land snail assemblages below aspens to forest fire and clear-cutting in Fennoscandian boreal forests

Species can persist in a landscape with recurrent disturbances either through local survival or by dispersing to sites of a preferred successional stage. This study investigated in what extent forest floor dwelling land snails survived forest fires and clear-cutting. Snail fauna in LFH (litter, fermenting litter and humus) samples below retained aspen trees in disturbed areas were compared with samples under scattered aspens in adjacent forests by extracting snails from LFH samples below five aspens in several stands of each type (five forest fires, six clear-cuts, and seven undisturbed forests). LFH samples from burnt sites had a higher pH than from forests, but on average a lower abundance of individual snails (11 vs. 30 in 0.5 l LFH) and 50% lower species density (3 vs. 6 species). The abundances and species densities in the clear-cuts were less affected. There was generally a positive relationship between pH and both species density and abundance in all the stand types. Burning apparently depleted the snail fauna considerably and some species may be dependent on dispersal if they are to recover within the burnt area, while the snail assemblages at clear-cuts did not differ significantly in species composition from adjacent forests. The positive relationship between pH and snail prevalence on the burnt sites raises questions regarding the pre- and post-fire spatial variation in pH (and available minerals) within and among stands and how it relates to snail survival rates and their capacity to track suitable places after the disturbance. Retained aspens at clear-cuts seem to harbour a forest like land snail fauna.     

Microbial biomass and activity along a natural pH gradient in forest soils in a karst region of the upper Yangtze River,China

Mountain closure, considered an effective and economic measure for natural restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, has been widely carried out in the karst region of southwest China. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial aspects of soil quality after mountain closure by analyzing soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and relationships with basic chemical properties in Guizhou Province, a karst region of the upper Yangtze River. Soil quality was considered poor from the low levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and microbial quotient (MBC/total C and MBN/total N), but high metabolic quotient (qCO₂). Soil pH, showing marked variation from 4.1 to 7.9 in this karst region, was proved to significantly affect soil microbial biomass and activity. Soil microbial biomass, microbial quotient, and soil basal respiration declined significantly with decreasing soil pH, while qCO₂ showed an apparently increasing, but not statistically significant, trend. The changes in microbial biomass and activity following the change in soil pH could possibly be because of a change in soil microbial composition, and more detailed research is necessary. Compared with soil pH, soil organic matter content was another, more important, factor that directly restricted microbial growth because of the serious loss as a result of disturbance. As a practical application based on microbial aspects, introduction of some N-fixing tree species may be an active and effective measure to improve soil fertility and thus to accelerate restoration of the forest ecosystem in the karst region.     

提高种植土 pH 值、电导率方法

南方雨水多导致土壤偏酸和电导率低,原生土一般不可直接用作园林种植土。如何提高土壤的 pH 值与电导率,成为南方园林绿化工作者的重要课题。广州市生态景观林带项目——广河高速凤凰山隧道绿化工程采用增施无机肥的方法来改良种植土,是改良南方酸性种植土电导率低的有益尝试。     

温度和pH值对卡拉白鱼消化组织淀粉酶活性的影响

采用酶学分析方法,研究了不同温度和pH值对卡拉白鱼消化组织淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明,在设定的温度和pH值范围内,各消化组织内淀粉酶的活力均随着温度和pH值的升高呈现先升后降的趋势;温度和pH值对卡拉白鱼消化组织内淀粉酶活性的影响较大（P〈0．05）,肝胰脏、前肠、中肠与后肠中淀粉酶活性的最适温度均为40℃;肝胰脏、前肠、中肠与后肠淀粉酶的最适pH值分别为7．4、7．4、7．0和7．8。     

温度、酸碱度和培养基含水量对金福菇Tg-505菌丝生长的影响

分别在不同培养温度、培养基pH值、培养基含水量条件下培养金福菇Tg-505菌株,比较其菌丝的生长速度及生长势,探讨不同温度、酸碱度和培养基含水量对金福菇Tg-505菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:温度在15～35℃范围内,金福菇Tg-505菌丝均能生长,以25℃时菌丝生长势最佳,日平均生长速度最大为5.99 mm;酸碱度在pH 5.0～10.0范围内菌丝均能生长,以pH 7.0～8.0时菌丝生长势最佳,生长速度最快;培养基含水量在50%～75%范围内菌丝能够生长,含水量为65%～70%时,其菌丝洁白、粗壮、长势好,生长速度最快,达到3.77 mm/d以上。