Failure of UV irradiation to reduce blue mould infections beneficially in an experimental water handling system for pome fruit

A reduction in the number of wounds of pears and apples which developed blue mould (Penicillium expansum) infection was associated with reduced spore concentration. An experimental ultraviolet irradiation treatment of water in a fruit-handling system reduced both spore numbers and fruit rots, but not to a level which would suggest that the technique is worth pursuing to a commercial application stage.     

Changes in ripening behavior of ‘d'Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) after cold storage

‘d'Anjou’ pear fruit, harvested at optimum maturity with flesh firmness of 6.8 kg, were stored at ?1.1°C. Fruit were ripened at 20°C for 15 days following storage for 1–8 months. Dessert qualities were evaluated organoleptically on Day 10 of each ripening period. Changes in fruit firmness, extractable juice, titratable acids, solubl solids, respiration, ethylene production and internal ethylene were determined daily during each ripening period. Fruit firmness declined continually from 6.8 kg at harvest to 4.5 kg after 8 months of storage. Fruit stored for 2–8 months softened with a similar pattern during a 15-day ripening period at 20°C, while fruit stored for 1 month softened at a slower rate during ripening to 3.2 kg, with a coarse and dry texture after 15 days at 20°C. Fruit stored for 2–4 months ripened with the desirable buttery and juicy texture, while those stored for more than 5 months ripened with a coarse or mealy and dry texture. The buttery and juicy texture was highly correlated with a lower extractable juice, which could be used for quantitative determination of storage life based on ripened fruit quality. Changes in titratable acids and soluble solids during each ripening period were not associated with changes in dessert qualities of the ripened pears. Rates of respiration, ethylene production and internal ethylene during ripening at 20°C varied with duration of storage, but were not associated with changes in dessert qualities of the ripened fruit.     

Endogenous plant growth substances content in young fruits of seeded and seedless Clementine mandarin as related to fruit set and development

The content of plant growth substances in the fruits of seedless (‘Fino’) and seeded (‘Monreal’) Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) during the early stages of development was investigated. Auxin-like substances were determined with the oat mesocotyl bioassay, gibberellin-like substances with the α-amylase bioassay, and abscisic acid (ABA) by gas chromatography—electron capture detector. Methanolic extracts of fruits of seedless Clementine had higher content of auxin-like compounds in the acidic and butanolic fractions than the seeded Clementine extracts. In particular, a compound with R_f 0–0.25 in the chromatograms may be involved in the parthenocarpic fruit set development of ‘Fino’ Clementine ovaries. Diffusable gibberellin-like compounds (R_f 0.8–1.0), probably produced in the developing seeds, were obtained from seeded Clementine fruits after the time of anthesis. The content of ABA in the fruits was always low in ‘Monreal’ Clementine, whereas in fruits of ‘Fino’ Clementine and of ‘Monreal’ without seeds it increased dramatically after anthesis. It is suggested that the control of fruit set and development in Clementine mandarin is carried out through an equilibrium between auxin-like substances (‘Fino’) or gibberellin-like substances (‘Monreal’) and ABA.     

覆草栽培对甜樱桃结实的影响

以红灯为试材,探讨了甜樱桃覆草栽培对其开花结实情况的影响。研究发现覆草栽培可有效地提高甜樱桃结果枝叶片数,使叶片营养水平显著提高,平均花芽数量提高1-2个;同时可使红灯樱桃坐果率提高25.04-28.01个百分点。平均单果重增加18%;果汁的可溶性固形物含量增加1.17个百分点,花期滞后3-5d。     

五种寡毛实蝇幼虫的染色体组型鉴别研究

枯小实蝇 Dacus(Bactrocera) dorsalis,芒果实蝇 Dacus(Bactrocera) occipitalis,番石榴实蝇 Dacus(Bactrocera) correctus,南瓜实蝇 Dacus(Zeugodacus) tau,和瓜实蝇 Dacus(Zeugodacus) cucurbitae 等5种寡毛实蝇3龄幼虫的脑细胞染色体组型,其染色体数目为12者居多,可配染色体均分别为5对,另1对为性染色体。根据试验结果显示,5种实蝇3龄幼虫的染色体组型有不同。     

化学调控在葡萄栽培上的应用研究(Ⅰ)——几种药剂提高巨峰葡萄座果率试验

对巨峰葡萄落花落果的严重问题进行化学调控试验,结果表明:在花前4～10天喷布500～5000ppm浓度的B_9药剂能明显提高巨峰葡萄座果率,其中以3000ppm浓度的效果最为显著。而硼砂和多效唑也有很好的效果,均可提高巨峰葡萄座果率。     

猕猴桃果实发育中内源激素水平变化的研究

应用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定了美味猕猴桃＇Ｈａｙｗａｒｄ＇受精和果实发育中内源生长素（ＩＡＡ）、玉米素（ＺＲｓ）和脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）水平的变化，以及未受精果实对这些激素变化的影响。结果表明，在花前子房中三类激素已有一定的水平。花后２天完成受精作用，初生胚乳核开始分裂。花后５－７天，合子分裂，果实中ＡＩＩ、ＡＢＡ含量达到高峰。花后１０－４０天和８０－１００天，果实各有一次快速膨大期，前期与果肉中Ｚ     

新疆特色林果业资源时空分异规律研究

选取具有代表性的苹果、香梨、葡萄、桃、杏、红枣等林果品种资源近60年统计数据,运用数理统计与空间分析的方法对其时空分异规律进行分析。新疆特色林果业资源在时间变化上,种植面积和产量总体呈逐年递增的趋势,但也存在阶段性波动变化的规律,以2000-2009年全疆各地州的林果业面积年变化率最大,且南北疆分布不均衡;在空间上,呈非地带性的条—带、块状分布,沿山麓—河流地带分布,沿盆地—绿洲分布等不同分布规律,从而形成了新疆特色林果业在空间分布上呈现大范围大杂集,小范围小聚集的不均衡性总特征。从时空分异规律分析上看,在极端干旱区发展林果业必须因地制宜,一方面要加强对林果业资源配置的区域性调控,以质促产,以品促效,另一方面强化林果业资源经济-环境效益整合,构建林果业经济-环境可持续、和谐发展格局,借助新疆地缘优势,凸现绿色,走无公害林果产品发展之路。     

两种新的旱作管理技术对山地梨枣树生长及结果的影响

以9 a生梨枣树(Ziziphus jujubaMill.)为试材,在无灌溉条件下,研究节水型修剪技术和竹节式聚水沟技术及常规矮化修剪技术(CK)对梨枣营养生长及生殖生长的影响。结果表明:节水型修剪与竹节式聚水沟技术的单独及联合应用,能有效提高叶面积增长量、梨枣单叶面积和叶绿素含量,有效提高枣吊个数和着花数量;与对照相比,节水型修剪技术可提高产量83.1%,竹节式聚水沟技术可提高产量38.4%,节水型修剪技术+竹节式聚水沟技术效果更好,产量可提高155%。综合分析认为在旱地无灌溉条件下的陕北黄土丘陵区,以节水型修剪树体管理为主,在林下采用聚水沟措施结合,能显著提高梨枣的结果性能和产量。