Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Natural Populations of huashanica Keng Using Microsatellite （SSR） Markers

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng is endemic to China and only distributed in Huashan Mountain in Shaanxi Province, China. In this study, 15 P. huashanica populations consisting of 450 individuals sampled across their main distribution were investigated by using the simple sequence repeats （SSRs） markers. A total of 184 alleles were detected on 24 SSR loci, and the number of alleles on each locus ranged from 2 to15, with an average of 7.667. The total gene diversity （HT= 0.683） and the coefficient of population differentiation （GST = 0.125） showed that P. huashanica had a relatively high level of genetic variation, and the genetic variation was mainly distributed within the populations. The gene flow among the populations of P. huashanica （Nm = 1.750） was much less than that of the common anemophytes （Nm = 5.24）. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the number of alleles as well as genetic diversity of the five populations of Huangpu valley decreased along with the increase of altitudes, but the correlation was not significant. Implications of these results for future P. huashanica collection, evaluation and conservation were discussed.     

贫困地区农村社区建设(人才培养)调研报告

贫困地区农村社区建设人才培养是关键。党和政府应通过社会主义新农村建设,创造更多的就业机会,加强基础设施建设,改善他们的生活条件。     

中国节水农作制度发展趋势探讨

建立有区域特色的节水农作制度,将工程节水技术、农艺节水技术、生物节水技术和管理节水技术进行有机结合与集成,提高节水农业的综合效益,是当前国内外节水农业发展的普遍趋势.本研究重点对节水农作制度的概念、基本特征、研究框架等进行了探讨,总结分析了国外节水农作制度发展的模式、技术、政策及其效果.在此基础上,结合我国节水农作制度发展的趋势和问题,提出了我国节水农作制度发展的重点方向,包括:1)从区域多样化出发,构建区域节水型和适水型的农业生产结构;2)加强节水技术标准规范化、技术模式多样化及区域性的综合节水农作制配套技术体系等关键技术研究;3)进一步深化缺水条件下作物需耗水量特征及节水优化灌溉指标体系与模式研究以及区域主导性节水优化种植模式评价与筛选等共性理论问题研究;4)加强研究农民参与的旱作节水技术推广模式,建立相应的管理制度和政策支持措施,制定区域节水农作制度预案.     

马卡连柯的家庭道德教育思想及其启示

马卡连柯是前苏联著名的教育家,他在晚年特别重视家庭道德教育问题。马卡连柯的家庭道德教育思想主要体现在:及早对儿童进行道德教育;父母必须以身作则、起表率作用;通过家庭生活制度培养孩子良好的行为习惯;建立良好的家风;从身边小事做起,重视细节;对孩子的教育要做到严慈、奖惩结合等。马卡连柯的家庭道德教育思想对我国未成年人道德建设有深刻的启示:重视家庭在未成年人道德建设中的基础性作用;发挥父母在家庭道德教育中的主导作用;为孩子营造一个良好的家庭道德氛围;未成年人道德建设要从娃娃抓起,及早实施;从基本道德素质抓起,从规范行为习惯做起,培养未成年人良好的道德品质和文明行为等。     

Otter (Lutra lutra) predation on stocked brown trout (Salmo trutta) in two Danish lowland rivers

Abstract –  This study aimed to evaluate otter predation on stocked trout. Large hatchery-reared trout (16–30 cm) were stocked into two Danish rivers with different fish populations. Otter diet before and after trout stocking was determined by analysing 685 spraints, collected regularly during the 35-day study period. Fish composition in the rivers before stocking was assessed by electrofishing. In River Trend, a typical trout river, the proportion of trout in the otter diet increased from 8% before stocking to 33% a few days after stocking. Moreover, trout lengths in the diet changed significantly towards the lengths of stocked trout, indicating that newly stocked trout were preferred to wild trout. In River Skals, dominated by cyprinids, there was no change in otter diet after stocking of hatchery trout, i.e., these were ignored by otter. Otter predation should be taken into account together with fish and bird predation, when stocking is used as a measure for conserving endangered salmonid populations.     

长江下游地区下蜀黄土成土发生学研究

通过对长江下游地区一个典型剖面的系统研究,探讨了长江中下游地区下蜀黄土成土特点。研究结果表明,长江下游地区全新世最适宜期形成的古土壤层(黄棕壤)是在末次冰期下蜀黄土堆积成壤基础上的再发育,与下伏下蜀黄土之间基本具备发生学联系。     

防蚀植被的涵义商榷

论述了现有防蚀植被定义的缺陷,在阐明防蚀植被本质特征的基础上,认为防蚀植被应当是在侵蚀地区,以防止土壤侵蚀或以固沙为目的,植物充分占据地面空间,一般具紧密结构,或者显著具有有机体(枯落物以及生物量)贴地面覆盖特征的植被。进一步分析表明,防蚀植被就是发育良好的自然植被或者接近自然的人工植被,与纯粹追求经济目标的人工植被,不仅在结构上,而且在演替、经营等方面是不同的。还就荒坡问题进行了讨论,认为应当将灌草坡,尤其草坡与真正的荒坡区别开来对待。     

英、汉习语的文化内涵及其翻译

语言是文化的载体，英汉民族不同的文化背景反映在各自的习语上。本文首先从英汉语言比较的角度，分析了文化差异对习语的影响，并举例说明如何用异化译法和归化译法消 除文化障碍，传达习语的文化信息。     

创新型城市国内外研究以及对合肥市发展的启示

结合当前创新型城市建设的热点,对国内外创新型城市建设的相关研究进行了梳理;列举了国外创新型城市的典范及其在建设过程中实施的合理举措;对合肥市开展创新型城市建设提出了几点启示,并总结了合肥市近些年的创新发展成果。     

澳大利亚畜牧业发展及其对我国的启示

澳大利亚畜牧业发达,是世界上畜牧业强国之一。本研究介绍了澳大利亚畜牧业兴起的背景、发展特点、现状以及政策支持,并着重阐述了澳大利亚畜牧业在可持续发展过程中采取的方法和措施。以此为借鉴,分析目前我国畜牧业发展中存在的问题。