断奶日龄对五指山仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究断奶日龄对五指山仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取日龄相近(±1 d)、体重[(0.56±0.07)kg]相近的五指山仔猪96头,随机分成4组,每组设4个重复,每个重复6头猪。4组仔猪分别在21、28、35和42日龄断奶。试验从8日龄开始,至56日龄结束,试验期间定期测定体重、采食量和血清生化指标。结果表明:各组仔猪断奶后平均日增重(ADG)出现不同程度的下降,且断奶日龄越早,ADG下降幅度越大;35日龄断奶组和42日龄断奶组21~28日龄、28~35日龄、35~42日龄、49~56日龄阶段的ADG显著高于21日龄断奶组(P0.05)。各组仔猪断奶后平均日采食量(ADFI)显著增加(P0.05),42日龄以后,各组ADFI无显著差异(P0.05)。21日龄断奶组、28日龄断奶组、35日龄断奶组血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量以及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性在断奶后7 d均发生显著变化(P0.05),并以21日龄断奶组波动最大;与35日龄断奶组和42日龄断奶组相比,21日龄断奶组28、35日龄时血清TP、ALB、IgG、IgM含量显著降低(P0.05),ALT、AST、LDH活性显著提高(P0.05),到56日龄时,血清TP、IgG、IgM含量仍显著低于35日龄断奶组和42日龄断奶组(P0.05)。21日龄断奶组血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHOL)含量在28~56日龄间存在显著变化(P0.05),35日龄断奶组和42日龄断奶组血清TG、CHOL含量在整个试验期内均无显著变化(P0.05)。35日龄断奶组血清TP、ALB、IgG、IgM含量以及ALT、AST、LDH活性除在42日龄时与42日龄断奶组存在显著差异(P0.05)外,其余时间点与42日龄断奶组均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此得出,35或42日龄断奶的五指山仔猪在生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫机能方面优于21日龄断奶的五指山仔猪。     

酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响

本试验旨在研究酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响。选取25周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡672只，随机分为4个组，每组7个重复，每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%酸化剂的试验饲粮，试验期60 d。结果表明：1)与对照组相比，饲粮添加0.05%酸化剂显著提高了蛋鸡的平均日采食量( P<0.05)；添加0.20%酸化剂显著降低了料蛋比( P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比，饲粮添加酸化剂显著增强了试验第30和60天的蛋壳强度( P<0.05)；添加0.20%酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天的蛋白高度( P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比，酸化剂的添加对试验第30和60天消化道pH没有显著影响( P>0.05)，但显著提高了十二指肠食糜中淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性( P<0.05)，并显著降低了消化道大肠杆菌的数量( P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比，饲粮添加酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天钙与磷的表观代谢率( P<0.05)。饲粮添加酸化剂可改善产蛋鸡饲料转化效率、鸡蛋品质；提高蛋鸡肠道消化酶活性及钙、磷表观代谢率；改善肠道微生态环境。     

中浙优8号在沙县作烟后稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

中浙优8号是中国水稻研究所和浙江勿忘农种业股份有限公司采用优质不育系中浙A与恢复系T-8配组而成的优质高产迟熟三系杂交稻新品种,经过3 a在沙县作烟后稻示范种植,表现群体整齐、分蘖力强、结实率高、米质较优、丰产稳产性好等特点。介绍其在沙县示范表现及高产栽培技术。     

Effect of Alfalfa Flavonoids on Growth Performance and Serum Indexes of Sheep

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of alfalfa flavonoids (Medicago sativa) on growth performance and serum indexes of sheep.This experiment was performed with hybrid F1 sheep of Suffolk sheep×Small-tailed Han sheep.Twenty-eight sheep with the body weight of (27.02±3.03) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 7 replicates in each group and 1 sheep per replicate.Sheep in different groups were fed diets with 0 (group Ⅰ), 0.1% (group Ⅱ), 0.2%(group Ⅲ) and 0.4% (group Ⅳ) alfalfa flavonoids, respectively.The experiment was cosisted of 7-day-preliminary trial and 41-day-formal trial.The results showed as follows:① Dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids had no significant effects on growth performance of sheep(P>0.05).② Dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids had significant effects on the contents of GLB, ASP, BUN, HDL and P in serum (P<0.05).Serum GLB content at the 1st day in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in groupsⅠand Ⅱ(P<0.05), serum ASP contents at the 1st and 21th days in group Ⅳ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), serum BUN content at the 1st day in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), serum HDL content at the 21th day in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05), serum P content in group Ⅳ at the 21th day was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids might modulate lipid metabolism, improve nitrogen utilization, maintain energy metabolic and balance Ca and P contents, and have the potential function for promoting growth and no adverse effect on liver.The results suggested that the appropriate supplemental level of alfalfa flavonoids for sheep was 0.2%.     

猪β防御素研究进展

β防御素是猪体内分泌的一类抗菌肽，广泛分布于各个组织中，在抵抗病原入侵和免疫调节中发挥着重要作用。猪β防御素对细菌、真菌和病毒都有很强的杀灭作用，并且具有分子量小、热稳定性好、无残留等优点，是理想的抗生素替代品。研究表明，猪β防御素的表达与个体抗病力正相关，增加内源性防御素表达或直接摄入外源性防御素均能增强机体免疫力并促进生长。脂肪酸、氨基酸、维生素、益生菌、病原微生物等外源刺激皆可影响β防御素的表达。随着防御素相关研究的深入，将有望解决养猪生产中长期使用抗生素而导致的耐药性、药物残留及环境污染等问题。文章介绍了猪β防御素的结构特征、表达特异性及生物学功能，主要综述了外源刺激对β防御素表达的影响及其作用机制，初步说明外源β防御素作为饲料添加剂在仔猪生产中的效果，旨在为猪β防御素的深入研究及其在生猪健康养殖中的应用提供参考。     

植物免疫诱抗剂的作用机理和应用研究进展

植物免疫诱抗剂除了能诱导植物免疫反应以使植物获得或提高对病菌的抗性外,也可以激发植物体内代谢调控过程,促进植物生长,增加作物产量。植物免疫诱抗剂可以诱导植物产生系统获得抗性以使植物对病原菌产生广泛、长期的抗性。本综述全面、系统地介绍了植物免疫诱抗剂的种类及其目前在生产、病害防治上的应用状况,阐述了其作用机理,并展望了植物免疫诱抗剂的应用前景。通过对植物免疫诱抗剂发展历史和应用现状的分析,旨在为植物免疫诱抗剂未来的开发和应用提供一定的理论和实践依据。     

银杏-杜仲叶发酵物对脂多糖应激肉仔鸡的肠道功能和免疫反应的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加银杏-杜仲叶发酵物（FGEL）对脂多糖（LPS）应激肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道结构、消化吸收功能和免疫反应的影响，并与未发酵银杏-杜仲叶（GEL）进行比较。采用2×3双因子试验设计，即2种免疫应激处理（腹腔注射LPS或注射等量生理盐水）和3种饲粮处理（基础饲粮及在基础饲粮中添加0.40%GEL或0.40%FGEL的试验饲粮）。选取1日龄健康爱拔益加（AA）肉仔鸡360只，随机分为6个处理，每个处理均设6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。试验期为21 d。在试验第13、15、17、19和21天，3个应激处理的试鸡腹腔注射500μg/kg BW的LPS，其他3个处理注射等量的生理盐水。在试验第21天最后1次注射后2～4 h进行屠宰取样。结果表明：1）与对照饲粮相比，饲粮添加FGEL的肉仔鸡料重比（F/G）有显著改善（P=0.024），饲粮添加FGEL显著缓解了LPS应激肉仔鸡平均日增重（ADG）(P=0.023)和血清D-木糖的含量（P=0.011）的降低。2）与对照饲粮相比，饲粮添加FGEL显著缓解了LPS应激肉仔鸡十二指肠（P=0.011）和空肠（P=0.030）的相对重量...     

基于层次分析法的食用菌产业扶贫绩效评价

特色产业扶贫是一种创新式的扶贫模式,通过扶持贫困地区发展地方特色产业脱贫致富。食用菌营养丰富,销售市场前景乐观,也响应了我国绿色环保节能的理念,成为最具优势的产业发展趋势。辽宁省某地区作为我国脱贫攻坚战的重点地区,利用食用菌产业不断优化自身的农业结构,助力当地脱贫致富。对该地区的食用菌产业扶贫绩效进行了具体分析和评价。     

不同剂量25羟基维生素D3对断奶前犊牛血液生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

为研究不同剂量25羟基维生素D₃[25(OH)VD₃]对断奶前犊牛血液水平、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,选取18 头健康状况良好的新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分成3 组,每组6 头进行为期56 天的饲养试验。分为对照组[不添加25(OH)VD₃]、低剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量6 000 IU/头·天]和高剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量12 000 IU/头·天]。结果表明,与对照组相比,随着25(OH)VD₃添加剂量增加,血浆生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力以及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著增加(P<0.05),而丙二醛含量随剂量增加而存在降低趋势(P=0.079)。与对照组和低剂量组相比,高剂量组血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量有增加趋势(P=0.059)。综上所述,断奶前犊牛饲喂高剂量25(OH)VD₃有利于促进体内生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-1分泌,可提高犊牛抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能。     

Use of Porcine Meal in Plant‐based Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate and confirm the efficacy of a porcine meal (PM) with high protein content (>90%) as an alternative feed ingredient in commercial‐type feed formulation for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six experimental diets were formulated for the two growth trials. The first five diets contained increasing levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6%) of PM as a replacement for soybean meal in a plant‐based diet with low inclusion level (6%) of fish meal (FM). The last experimental diet was produced utilizing 4.2% PM to completely replace FM. In Trial 1, shrimp (1.5 g initial mean weight, 20 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered test diets for 6 wk in a semirecirculation system. At the end of Trial 1, shrimp fed with the diet containing 6% PM exhibited significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival compared to those fed with the diet devoid of FM. As survival was poor across all treatments and different densities could mask growth results the trial was repeated. In Trial 2, shrimp (0.85 g, 15 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered diets for 6 wk. Dietary supplementation of PM at 6% significantly improved WG, FCR, and apparent net protein retention in contrast with the treatment devoid of FM, confirming the same trends in Trial 1. No significant difference was detected in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral profiles of whole‐body shrimp as well as survival across all the treatments. Results of this study indicate that PM is a good high protein source in shrimp feeds, which can be included up to 6% in the low FM‐based diet without compromising the growth of shrimp.