新疆天山西部云杉生长量变化及其影响因子分析

【目的】计算新疆天山西部云杉生长量,对云杉生长量影响因子进行相关性分析,为监测云杉生长和研究天山森林生态系统提供参考。【方法】根据1996年天山西部8个林场218个样地5682株云杉的实地测量值推算出天山西部云杉的材积经验式和一元材积表;利用GIS和SPSS软件对利用遥感手段提取的生长量影响因子进行相关性分析。【结果】1996~2006年,天山云杉定期生长量为20.487482m3,1996~2006年定期平均生长量为2.048748m3。生长量影响因子相关性分析表明灰度值中的红光波段、近红外波段、绿光波段与云杉生长量显著相关,其次是海拔、NDVI和坡向,相关性最弱的为蓝光波段、短波红外波段和坡度。【结论】在今后的工作中,可根据影响天山云杉生长量的主导因子,并结合GIS手段动态监测云杉生长状况,从而更好地进行天山云杉的研究保护工作。     

低影响开发模式在北京地区景观设计中的应用探析

本文通过北京的四个低影响开发实践案例,分析了低影响开发模式在景观设计中的具体应用方式,提出了不足之处和相应的对策。文末总结低影响开发模式在北京地区景观设计中还存在的问题,并提出相应的建议。     

沼液施用对潮土氧化亚氮排放通量的影响

通过对潮土养猪沼液施加试验,采用静态箱．气相色谱法于2010年7月（夏季）、2011年3月（冬末春初）观测了不施沼液、正常施沼液及大量施沼液等3种处理的土壤氧化亚氮（N20）排放通量,研究其排放特征与影响因素。研究结果表明：①沼液施用显著提高了氧化亚氮平均排放通量（P〈0．001）,不同沼液处理（不施沼液、正常施沼液、大量施沼液）排放通量范围分别为11-25～68147μg·m-2·h-1,20．13～244．35μg·m-2·h-1,40．09～618．43μg·m-2·h-1;②土壤氧化亚氮排放通量除受沼液施加水平影响外,还随着土壤温度的提高而增加：③土壤氧化亚氮排放通量与土壤水分呈极显著相关（P〈0．001）．与土壤硝态氮质量分数显著相关（P〈0．05）;④以相同施氮量计,沼液施加引起的氧化亚氮排放速率远高于尿素或者硫胺等氮肥。图3表1参22     

在言语交际中语境对语义产生的影响

语境即言语环境,它包括语言因素,也包括非语言因素,上下文、时间、空间、情景、对象、话语前提等与话词使用有关的都是语境因素。关于语境,国内外很多学者都做过大量系统的研究。本文通过对语境在言语交际中的应用,分析了语境对语义所产生的影响,以期对语言的教学有所借鉴与帮助。     

百里杜鹃风景名胜区季节性旅游影响分析

就百里杜鹃季节性旅游带来的各种影响进行分析,认为景区季节性旅游对景区生态环境、当地经济和社会文化都会产生影响,在此基础上,提出季节性旅游地的保护性开发建议。     

食用菌出口中的物流因素影响分析

为了研究食用菌出口中的物流因素影响,分析了食用菌出口现状。发现食用菌出口总量波动大,出口总值增速快,食用菌出口市场集中度较高。对食用菌出口中的物流因素影响进行分析,包括食用菌出口中物流运输方式影响分析、物流损耗因素分析、物流成本因素影响分析以及物流质量因素分析。其中有关物流运输方式影响分析,通过灰色关联法实现,发现航空运输对食用菌出口的影响最大,其次是公路。除此之外,考虑食用菌在运输与保存时所消耗的物流成本、质量损耗以及物流时间,在此基础上制定物流运输对策:加强公路基础设施建设;降低损耗,提高食用菌质量;在保证食用菌产品质量损失最小的情况下,最大程度地降低成本。     

西北干旱半干旱区小麦对气候变化响应的评价指标体系*

近年来,在全球变暖的大背景下,西北也经历着同样的变暖趋势,尤其是在西北干旱区新疆、甘肃河西走廊等地的棉花种植区,气候变暖对小麦生长发育的影响研究日益增多,但如何正确、合理的评价小麦对气候变暖的响应,已成为目前十分突出的科学和实际问题。在评价的过程中,评价指标的选择和确定是重中之重。鉴于此,本文筛选了几类重要的评价指标,主要有小麦生长发育、种植结构、 地理分布、农业气象灾害、农业病虫害气象指标等,这些指标的选择为科学评价小麦对气候变化的响应奠定了一定的基础。     

Reflections on the influence of a synthesis of circle‐hook evidence on the angling community and conservation policy and practice

1. Understanding how different forms of environmental evidence inform the actions of different stakeholders is useful to improve how we share knowledge with knowledge users. Reflections on a literature review that we published in 2004 on circle hooks as a tool for fish conservation in the recreational fishing sector identified a number of ways in which that synthesis was influential.
2. The article has had direct influence on policy and regulations in a number of countries, but there were even more examples of where the article has been used to influence voluntary guidelines. The article also contributed to formally defining circle hooks, which was necessary from a regulatory and enforcement perspective.
3. The recreational fishing community has also embraced the work, with numerous angling articles based on the literature review appearing in the media and with some angler organizations pushing for the adoption of circle hooks. The fishing tackle industry has also responded with evidence that circle hooks are now more widely available in stores with more hook design options to suit diverse recreational fisheries. In addition, the influence of the article has extended beyond the recreational sector to commercial fishery issues that span several taxa. The research agenda from the article helped to direct research for more than a decade and has since been updated.
4. Overall, this review was timely in that it provided various knowledge users with credible information synthesized in a thoughtful manner at a time when there was interest and need in exploring circle hooks as a tool to enhance the conservation of angled fish. Although this was not a systematic review, it still served as a form of evidence synthesis that gave diverse knowledge users information to guide them in their decisions.

     

Feeding habits of albacore Thunnus alalunga in the transition region of the central North Pacific

ABSTRACT:   The feeding habits of albacore Thunnus alalunga (fork length: 48.9–76.2 cm, n  = 132) were examined from late spring to early autumn in relation to its northward migration in the transition region between the subtropical and subarctic fronts in the central North Pacific. Samples were collected at night using surface gill nets or during daytime pole-and-line surveys in 2001 and 2002. During May and June, albacore fed mainly on Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus , which accounted for 27.2%, 67.0%, and 45.5% of the total stomach contents by number ( Cn ), wet weight ( WW ), and frequency of occurrence ( F ), respectively, and secondarily on the subarctic gonatid squid Gonatopsis borealis ( Cn , 15.8%; WW , 10.8%; F , 28.8%). From July to September, albacore continued to depend on Japanese anchovy ( Cn , 48.2–52.8%; WW , 79.9–95.2%; F , 27.8–85.4%). These results corresponded well with the remarkable rebound of the Japanese anchovy stock since the 1990s. Gonatopsis borealis , the main squid prey from May to June, almost disappeared from the stomachs of albacore from July to September, probably due to the northward migration of this squid to subarctic waters in summer. The feeding impact of albacore on the Japanese anchovy stock in the transition region was conservatively estimated to be from 1400 to 2100 tons per day from late spring to early autumn.     

Recent human‐induced salinity changes in Ramsar‐listed Orielton Lagoon,south‐east Tasmania,Australia: a new approach for coastal lagoon conservation and management

• 1. Many coastal lagoons in eastern Australia have changed as a result of recent human activities. However, it is often difficult to determine the extent of change and the ecological implications. A palaeoecological approach allows a quantitative assessment of how an aquatic ecosystem changes and responds to human impacts beyond what is possible with historical data or monitoring programmes.
• 2. Orielton Lagoon (south‐east Tasmania, Australia) is a Ramsar‐listed coastal wetland of international importance for conservation. This study was undertaken at the site to determine whether recent anthropogenic hydrological modifications to the lagoon had influenced its ecology, particularly salinity, and compromised its Ramsar status.
• 3. A diatom–salinity transfer function was constructed from a training data set of 96 diatom taxa from 34 sampling sites in 19 lagoons along the east coast of Tasmania.
• 4. The salinity of Orielton Lagoon has changed in response to a causeway constructed across its mouth, which has transformed the lagoon from an open marine environment to an enclosed, virtually stagnant, brackish water body.
• 5. These changes have compromised the protected coastal wetland status of Orielton Lagoon. Environmental remediation attempts have since partially restored the natural hydrology of the lagoon and it is now returning towards the state it was in prior to causeway construction.
• 6. A palaeoecological approach using diatoms was found to be successful in reconstructing recent salinity changes and investigating human impacts on Orielton Lagoon over the last 50–55 years.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.