Environmental impact mitigation and bi-culture: a comparative legal analysis of flexibility within European legal regimes – biofilter deployment

This paper investigates the potential flexibility within the current legal frameworks governing marine aquaculture across Europe to cater for the installation and management of marine biofilters alongside fish farms. The basis for debate is that deployment of these biofilters could be used to facilitate environmental impact mitigation. Furthermore, they have the potential to facilitate the development of bi-culture or polyculture through the harvesting of species from the biofilters themselves, for example, mussels (Mytilus edulis). This study explores the flexibility within and suitability of the current legal systems within Europe to cater for the specific technology’s adoption and management. The challenges identified from the legislative and policy frameworks are discussed along with the applicability of these to the use of biofilters for the development of bi-culture. Penultimately, recommendations are made as to where additional measures are needed and the challenges and difficulties that such measures will need to overcome before biofilters can be applied for environmental impact mitigation. Finally, the paper illustrates an application of ‘Comparative Legal Analysis’, demonstrating links to the question in hand and through so doing to wider coastal issues.     

Human-driven impacts on marine habitats: A regional meta-analysis in the Mediterranean Sea

Habitat destruction is one of the main threats to environmental integrity. Assessing the consequences of human impacts is crucial both to predict and prevent structural and functional changes of habitats. However, to date almost all studies on marine threats, from regional to global scales, have been entirely qualitative and generally based on little more than expert opinion. We have developed a meta-analytical approach to quantify overall effects of various stressors on different Mediterranean habitat types and to compare the relative importance of different impacts across a range of habitats. We first qualitatively reviewed and synthesized 366 experiments (either manipulative or correlative) collected in the literature. After a selection procedure, we finally quantitatively meta-analyzed 158 experiments. We showed that fisheries (destructive or not), species invasion, aquaculture, sedimentation increase, water degradation and urbanization have negative effects on Mediterranean habitats and associated species assemblages. We also explored the overlap between the impacts identified as important in the Mediterranean and those identified by experts as being important globally, highlighting the inadequacies of relying on expert opinion alone. Finally, we drew attention to the critical lack of empirical knowledge about marine systems in many areas of the Mediterranean, which impedes the implementation of effective conservation measures. Our study is the first to synthesize experimental analyses on human-driven impacts on marine habitats across such a broad geographic scale.     

食用菌出口中的物流因素影响分析

为了研究食用菌出口中的物流因素影响,分析了食用菌出口现状。发现食用菌出口总量波动大,出口总值增速快,食用菌出口市场集中度较高。对食用菌出口中的物流因素影响进行分析,包括食用菌出口中物流运输方式影响分析、物流损耗因素分析、物流成本因素影响分析以及物流质量因素分析。其中有关物流运输方式影响分析,通过灰色关联法实现,发现航空运输对食用菌出口的影响最大,其次是公路。除此之外,考虑食用菌在运输与保存时所消耗的物流成本、质量损耗以及物流时间,在此基础上制定物流运输对策:加强公路基础设施建设;降低损耗,提高食用菌质量;在保证食用菌产品质量损失最小的情况下,最大程度地降低成本。     

Nearshore fish assemblages associated with introduced predatory fishes in lakes

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Industry Perceptions of HERDA in Performance Horses

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A case study of forest change in the Swiss lowlands

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