甘肃黄鸡早期生长发育规律的分析

为探讨甘肃黄鸡的育效果及其利用价值，对甘肃黄鸡早期生长发育规律进行了系统测定。结果表明，甘肃黄鸡体重达２．０kg的日龄平均为８７．５d（公鸡７７d，母鸡９８d)，全期饲料转化比为２．９３，成活率较高达９４．０％，甘肃黄鸡９周龄时体重接近１．５kg,有一定的市场意义，可以考虑及早上市；对甘肃黄鸡体重进行选择时，应同时注意对胫长的适当控制。     

九种根际促生菌最适培养条件初探

测定了分离自燕麦和小麦根际九株促生菌对温度、pH值、光照及培养方式的需求,结果表明:虽然九株促生菌适应范围较广,即在5~45℃、pH4~9、3种光照条件(12h黑暗12h光照、24h光照和24h黑暗)和3种培养方式(全天振荡、间歇振荡和静止培养)下均能较好生长,但不同菌株的最适培养条件不尽相同。通过对各菌株的最适培养条件进行了测定和分析,为后续确定促生菌的最佳发酵条件和生态适应性评价提供了依据。     

Correlation between corneal sensitivity and quantity of reflex tearing in cows,horses, goats,sheep, dogs,cats, rabbits,and guinea pigs

Objective Guinea pigs have a very low threshold of corneal sensitivity and at the same time nearly no reflex tearing compared to dogs, cats, and horses. The question arose whether there is a general correlation between corneal sensitivity and the quantity of reflex tearing. Animals studied Totally 160 animals of 8 different species (20 animals per species) were investigated. Procedures The corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured with a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer. The palpebral fissure length (PFL) was measured with a calliper ruler. The Schirmer tear test (STT) was modified by adapting the width of the STT strip to the PFL of every species. For the STT II, 0.4% oxybuprocaine was applied. Results Corneal touch threshold: Cows (1.67 g/mm²), horses (1.23 g/mm²), sheep (1.13 g/mm²), goats (1.44 g/mm²), dogs (2.16 g/mm²), and cats (1.33 g/mm²) show similar CTT values. In contrast, rabbits (6.21 g/mm²) and guinea pigs (7.75 g/mm²) show a significantly lower CTT. Tear Production Difference STT I ? STT II: Rabbits have the greatest decline in tear production with 38.4%, followed by sheep (33.3%), dogs (31.1%), cats (24.7%), cows (23.7%), horses (18.0%), and goats (14.0%). Guinea pigs have no decline, but a slight increase of ?16.0%. Correlation CTT and STT II ? STT I Difference: Pearson’s correlation coefficient shows a small, but significant correlation. The coefficient of determination can only forecast a value with 7.1% certainty. Conclusions The high variance and low reproducibility of results suggest that the measuring devices are inappropriate to assess the evaluated parameters. Therefore, no assured correlation between the corneal sensitivity and the quantity of reflex tearing could be found.     

母貂体重体长与产仔数的多元回归分析

对94只母貂的体重(x1),体长(x2),管围(x3)与其产仔数(y)采用相关分析及多元回归分析,建立了产仔数的估测模型^y=1.666-0.005x1+0.332x2,经检验此模型的适合度,回归系数和复相关系数均差异显著(P<0.05)。模型预测效果良好,为准备配种期母貂的体况调整提供了科学的参考依据。     

Thermal features,ambient temperature and hair coat lengths: Limitations of infrared imaging in pregnant primitive breed mares within a year

Infrared thermography is a non-invasive technique which allows to distinguish between pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Detecting accurate body surface temperatures can be challenging due to external factors altering thermograph measurements. This study aimed to determine the associations between the ambient temperature, the hair coat features and the temperatures of mares' abdomens. It compared pregnant and non-pregnant mares throughout 11 months. The research was carried out on 40 Konik Polski mares, which were divided into pregnant and non-pregnant groups. The temperature (Tmax, maximal; Taver, average; Tmin, minimal) of the mares' abdomen was evaluated in two regions of interest: the whole area of the lateral surface of the mares' abdomen (Px1) and the flank area of the lateral surface of mares' abdomen (Px2). During the increasing period, the slopes in the linear regression equation did not differ significantly for ambient (Tamb) and surface temperatures in both groups. In the decreasing period, the slopes did not differ significantly for Tamb and Tmax in the non-pregnant group. They also did not differ for Tamb and Taver in Px1 and Tamb and Tmin in Px1 in both pregnant and non-pregnant groups respectively. Other slopes varied significantly (p < .001). There was no evidence of parallel changes in hair coat features and measured temperatures. The flank area appears more suitable for thermal imaging in pregnant mares due to the seasonal fluctuations in hair coat lengths.     

军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα基因全长cDNA的克隆及其组织表达分析

本研究根据其他鱼类MHC-Ⅱα基因的保守序列设计兼并引物,运用同源克隆和末端快速扩增方法扩增了军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα基因的全长cDNA序列,并对cDNA及其氨基酸序列进行了分析,比较了军曹鱼和其他物种的MHC-Ⅱα氨基酸序列的差异,分析了军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα基因的组织分布及经LPS刺激后头肾组织中MHC-Ⅱα基因的表达变化。结果表明,军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα cDNA全长998 bp,包括53 bp的5′末端非编码区（5′UTR）、234 bp的3′末端非编码区（3′UTR）及711 bp的开放阅读框（ORF）,编码236个氮基酸,其蛋白质分子质量约为25.94 ku,等电点为4.39;军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα蛋白质序列具有一些重要的特征,包括前导肽、α1、α2、CP/TM/CYT区和保守的半胱氨酸等;军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα与鼠、人及其它鱼类的氨基酸同源性在25.0%～69.5%之间。Real-time PCR检测结果显示,MHC-Ⅱα基因在正常军曹鱼组织中均有表达,但其表达量在各种组织中存在差异,其中较强表达于头肾、鳃,中等程度表达于脾脏、肠,在心脏、脑、肌肉中表达较弱;经LPS刺激后,头肾中MHC-Ⅱα基因表达下调。     

植物生长促生菌对盐胁迫下水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

JT-5是从水稻根际土壤中分离得到的1株植物生长促生菌。在不同浓度盐(氯化钠)溶液的胁迫下,JT-5对水稻种子的萌发、幼苗的生长发育有显著的促进作用。水稻种子经菌株JT-5处理后,在第三天的发芽势显著地提高。在盐浓度为50、75、100、125 mmol/L时,JT-5处理组水稻种子的发芽势分别为84.44%、92.22%、80.00%和84.44%,而相应的对照组仅为68.89%、54.44%、35.56%和17.78%;同样浓度的盐胁迫下,JT-5能够有效地促进水稻幼苗根长和苗高的生长,分别比对照处理组的根长长10～90 mm和苗高高10～40 mm;JT-5处理组水稻的不定根数多于对照组1.0～2.6条;经JT-5处理后的优势均随盐溶液浓度的增加呈扩大趋势;苗干重和根的含水量(占鲜重)均高于对照组。     

长沙地区春夏之交塑料大棚内温度和光照动态变化

为了更有效地利用塑料大棚，对长沙春夏之交塑料大棚内温度、光照等小气候因子的动态变化进行了观测、分析。结果表明，棚内旬平均温度高于棚外，棚内锂温度在17.0-28℃，最高气温的最大增幅为12.0℃，棚内外平均气温差值以晴天最大，阴天次之，雨天再次之，阴转晴天气最小，地温变化幅度小于气温，棚内外光照均以12：30最强。     

沟壑密度调查应采取水文网络法

沟壑密度是评价小流域沟蚀程度的指标,具体地反映了小流域沟蚀轮廓。目前,对于沟壑密度调查,尚无统一规定,有方格网法,小斑号法等。这些方法虽能描述小流域沟蚀现状但不能为沟壑治理的工程设计提供前期资料。水文网络法,从沟道发育入手,将大流域依沟道分布划分为若干小流域,结合工程布局进行调查,计算结果与其它方法相同,结论相同,而基础资料均为以后的工程设计提供了必要的准备,可随时调用。     

水稻粒形相关性状的QTL分析

利用Nipponbare(粳)/Kasalath(籼)//Nipponbare(粳)的98个BC1F5回交重组自交系群体及其对应的包含245个分子标记的连锁图谱,于2009年和2010年分别在日本筑波和中国沈阳对水稻粒形相关性状(粒长、粒宽和粒厚)进行数量性状基因位点(Quantitative trait loci,QTL)分析。共检测到16个控制粒形相关性状的QTL,包括在日本筑波检测到的13个QTL和在中国沈阳检测到的9个QTL。它们分布在第1,2,3,5,6,9,10和12号染色体上,其中有6个QTL在2个环境下被同时检测到,分别是控制粒长的qSL3-1和qSL12;控制粒宽的qSW5;控制粒厚的qST3、qST5和qST6-1。这些QTL为粒形相关性状在不同环境条件下的相对稳定遗传提供了理论支持,而其余的在特定环境下表达的QTL也反映了粒形相关性状遗传的复杂性。