Evaluation of prevalence and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in veterinary personnel attending an international equine veterinary conference

Infection and colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are now increasingly being reported in animals and people who work with animals, including horses and horse personnel. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA colonization in veterinary personnel attending an international equine veterinary conference, and to identify risk factors for MRSA colonization in this group. Volunteers were recruited at the conference to provide a single nasal swab and complete a questionnaire regarding contact with the human health care system, contact with horses, and personal hand hygiene. Colonization with MRSA was found in 26/257 (10.1%) of study participants. Multivariable analysis showed an increased risk of MRSA colonization associated with having been diagnosed with or having treated a patient diagnosed with MRSA colonization or infection in the last year (odds ratio [OR] 8.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–49.92, P = 0.015; OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.05–10.11, P = 0.039, respectively), whereas hand washing between infectious cases (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11–0.72, P = 0.009) and hand washing between farms (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14–0.98, P = 0.047) were protective. The prevalence of MRSA colonization among equine veterinary personnel found in this study was high compared to that of other studies of the general population. These data support previous suggestions that equine veterinary personnel are at increased risk of colonization with MRSA. This is the first study to demonstrate a statistically significant association between hand hygiene practices and a measurable clinical outcome in veterinary medicine.     

食品安全与卫生原理研究性教学模式的探索与实践

研究性教学是培养大学生创新意识和提高创新能力的有效途径。从课程内容体系的构建和完善、教学方法的研究和改革、考核和成绩评价方式改革等方面,研究和探索了食品类专业课程食品安全与卫生原理的研究型教学模式。在食品类课程教学中,研究如何进行研究性教学具有重要的意义。     

What Do We Know About Risk Factors for Infection in Humans with Toxoplasma gondii and How Can We Prevent Infections?

Fourteen case–control studies evaluating the importance of different risk factors for infection of humans with Toxoplasma gondii were identified. Surprisingly, up to two‐thirds of infections could not be explained by risk factors such as consuming raw or undercooked meat or poor kitchen hygiene. Few studies reported population attributable risk, and when reported, it was low. Protocols including questionnaires used for collecting data, age and socio‐economic groups studied, and sample sizes varied among studies. There is a need for carefully planned, case–control studies to identify sources of infection with T. gondii in humans. New risk factors, such as the manufacture of organic meat, and possible ways to sterilize meat to inactivate T. gondii tissue cysts are discussed.     

浅谈《家畜环境卫生学》实验教学改革中的几点建议

通过对《家畜环境卫生学》试验课程的组织形式、综合性试验设置、新增部分试验内容和试验考核四个方面的改革谈谈自己的切身体会和建议,望能与大家交流,提高该课程的实验教学质量。     

高校动物性食品卫生学课程体系改革探讨

在动物性食品卫生学课程建设中,经过探索发现必须通过教师教学观念的转变、创新型课程体系的建立、高水平教材的建设、重组教学内容、加强生产第一线教学等改革,提高教学水平,才能更好地培养适应社会主义市场需要的动物性食品卫生创新型人才。     

饲料安全与食品卫生

本文从国内外饲料安全与食品卫生的现状、兽药和饲料添加剂在动物源性食品中的残留及其危害、饲料安全的对策研究三个方面综述了饲料安全与食品卫生问题,以期对现实起到警示作用。     

不同分离方式对嚼克品质及卫生质量影响的研究

研究了传统工艺和现代工艺嚼克产品的加工工艺,从原奶到产品整个过程进行质量控制分析,对产品进行感官评价,对理化和微生物指标进行检测。结果表明,从感官评定看,传统工艺嚼克产品较现代工艺较黏稠;通过理化指标分析,传统工艺嚼克产品脂肪含量较高;通过微生物指标分析,传统工艺嚼克产品乳酸菌数高于现代工艺;需进一步对现代工艺嚼克产品进行工艺改进,使其酸度升高达标。为今后大规模现代化生产加工嚼克产品奠定了理论与实践基础。     

禽舍微生物气溶胶含量及其空气动力学研究

采用Andersen-微生物空气样品收集器，选用普通营养琼脂和金黄色葡萄球菌选择培养基对一个种鸡场舍环境空气进行监测。其需氧菌含量从3.12×104到9.01×105，金黄色葡萄球菌含量波动于2.0×103～3.3×104CFU/m3之间。根据微生物气溶胶颗粒在Andersen-收集器不同层级上的分离情况得知，22.5%的需氧菌、1.8%的金黄色葡萄球菌气溶胶颗粒的空气动力学直径(d50)为Φ0.65～2.1μm，它们能进入人、畜的肺泡，对人畜呼吸道构成感染威胁。     

论生态环境与畜禽健康——饲料卫生与畜禽健康

介绍了饲料中主要有毒物质对畜禽健康的影响，讨论了饲料质量鉴定的概念和方法，指出降低饲料中有害物质是提高畜产品质量和增强我国畜产品市场竞争力的重要措施。