职业院校《食品营养与卫生》课程改革实践与探索

从教学内容和教学方法等方面对《食品营养与卫生》的创新展开探讨,进一步探索"工学结合"背景下的课程改革,以培养应用型综合人才。     

几种方法评价养殖污水灌溉辣椒的品质

利用辣椒的Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和硝酸盐含量测定数据,分别通过平均营养值估算法、营养评分分类估算法、营养综合评价指数法、隶属函数法、品质综合评价指数法进行营养卫生品质评价结果求算,并进行比较。平均隶属函数法和品质综合评价指数法具有开放性,结果一致性较好,数值差异明显,可比性较好。平均营养值估算法和营养评分分类估算法具有封闭性,可进行营养品质直接估算和控制。营养综合评价法具有开放性,可比性良好。评价结果显示辣椒营养卫生品质在不同时期随不同处理的变化趋势基本一致。     

项目教学法在动物性食品卫生检验技术课程中的实施

探索了项目教学法在动物性食品卫生检验技术课程中的实施方法,学生通过在食品加工厂参加项目训练,进一步锻炼了实际操作能力,真正掌握了本课程的基本技能,提高了教学效果。     

家畜环境卫生学课程线上教学模式的研究

随着互联网信息技术发展和智能手机的普及,顺应时代发展的需要,线上教学成为未来高校教学活动开展一种必然途径。本文基于学习通和QQ群课堂平台构建了家畜环境卫生学课程的教学设计方案,并详细介绍了教学活动的实施办法,分析了线上教学面临的困难,并提出了相应对策,以期为高等学校线上教学改革提供参考。     

Quantitation of serum phospholipase A2 by enzyme-diffusion in lecithin agar gels. A comparative study in man and animals

A sensitive gel-diffusion assay for determination of phospholipase A₂ was developed. PLA₂ standards, serum, faecal and pancreas homogenate samples with PLA₂-activity were allowed to diffuse from wells into agar-gels containing lecithin-membranes. The turbidity cleared radially upon PLA₂-activity. The diameters of the cleared zones showed a linear relationship with the log of the enzyme concentration. Serum samples resulted in some turbidity within the cleared zones. This interference originating from serum lipoproteins could be abolished by hydrophobic absorption. The gel-diffusion method was compared with two other methods for PLA₂, titrimetric and radiometric techniques. Analysis on 37 human patients with acute pancreatitis showed close interrelationship between these methods. The phospholipase A₂ activity in sera from man, the dog, the horse, the cow, the pig and the cat were almost equal, but much less than in the albino rat. No significant differences between PLA₂ activities in pancreatic samples were obtained in different animal species. Of the faecal samples, the cow had the lowest PLA₂ activity. Dogs suffering from pancreatic degenerative atrophy (PDA), had significantly reduced PLA₂ activity both in their pancreas and faeces but not in serum.     

The World Health Organization's Clean Hands Save Lives: A concept applicable to equine medicine as Clean Hands Save Horses

Even before the discovery of germs, the practice of hand hygiene had revealed itself as a crucial element in the fight against infectious diseases. In fact, supported by the historical discoveries and more recent evidence based data, the World Health Organization considers hand hygiene as the pillar of infection control, particularly when related to nosocomial infections. Therefore, the World Health Organization has a strong focus on “Clean Hands Save Lives” campaigns, a principle that is easily translatable into “Clean Hands Save Horses”. Considering the recognised importance given to skin health and integrity as the first principle of good hand hygiene, using decontamination methods and products that are the least harmful to the skin is mandatory. This is why the currently accepted presurgical hand preparation methods do not involve aggressive brushing and disinfecting soaps anymore. Rather, hands should be washed with a neutral pH friendly soap first before a hydroalcoholic solution is applied. Although the principles and benefits of proper hand hygiene have been recognised in the healthcare world, one of the major drawbacks remains the lack of compliance with established protocols. To increase compliance, equine clinics should work on improving product accessibility, enhancing staff and client education as well as helping each other to remember to actually do it. This article reviews historical and current facts on hand hygiene and relates it to equine practice. Clean equine care is safer equine care: it's all in your hands!     

奶牛股部和乳房后部清洁度对日产奶量及体细胞数的影响

为探究奶牛体表清洁度在实际生产中的应用意义,本研究通过评价河南省3个奶牛场472头泌乳天数在0~330 d的中国荷斯坦奶牛股部清洁度和乳房后部清洁度,并结合2014年7月河南省牛奶记录系统(dairyherd improvement,DHI)中心提供的数据,对清洁度与平均日产奶量、体细胞数评分(somatic cell score,SCS)的关系进行分析,并探究两个清洁度评分之间的相关关系。采用广义线性模型(GLM)对数据进行统计分析,固定效应模型除清洁度评分外,还包括泌乳阶段效应和场-胎次效应等。结果表明,清洁度评分对SCS和平均日产奶量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。股部清洁度评分对平均日产奶量回归系数为-0.14,即每增加1分,奶牛平均日产奶量降低0.14 kg/头;乳房后部清洁度评分对平均日奶量回归系数为-0.02,每增加1分,奶牛平均日产奶量降低0.02 kg/头。对于SCS,股部清洁度评分≥ 4分时,SCS ≥ 5的比例极显著增加(P<0.01);乳房后部清洁度评分≥ 3分时,SCS ≥ 5的比例有增加趋势(P=0.0546)。相关性检验和相关系数估计结果显示,股部和乳房后部清洁度评分间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此,奶牛体表清洁度不仅是牛群的管理指标,而且可通过清洁度评分有效了解牛群乳房的健康状况,对日常生产过程具有很大帮助。     

动物源性饲料产品的安全卫生及其监督管理的有关问题

论述了动物源性饲料产品的种类、特点以及常用的动物源性饲料产品所存在的安全卫生问题,对动物源性饲料产品安全卫生监督管理的有关问题进行了讨论,对严格控制和审批动物源性饲料产品生产企业的设立、生产管理及对制定动物源性饲料产品标准的安全卫生指标应注意的问题提出了建议。