Characterization of the sorption of an anthranilate fungicide in soil using thermal analytical and mineralogical techniques

The sorption of pesticides to soil particles has implications for their distribution and fate in the soil environment. A batch equilibrium technique was used to investigate sorption of the fungicide AEC623892 to intact and hydrogen-peroxide-treated whole soils and several particle-size fractions isolated from them. Sorption of AEC623892 to the soil as a whole was low. K(f oc) values measured in the whole soils were 169.2 and 41.9 ml g(-1) for Soil A and Soil B respectively. The highest values of K(f oc) were measured in soil particle-size fractions <53 microm (266.5 ml g(-1) in the 2-20 microm fraction of Soil A; 471.9 ml g(-1) in the 20-53 microm fraction of Soil B). Sorption was most irreversible in the 2-20 microm fractions. Overall, treatment of soil particle-size fractions with hydrogen peroxide resulted in lower values of K(f oc) (112.3 ml g(-1) in Soil A whole soil and 30.9 ml g(-1) in Soil B whole soil). In both soils, the maximum sorption among hydrogen-peroxide-treated samples was observed in the <2 microm fraction (166.6 and 311.0 ml g(-1) for Soil A and Soil B, respectively). Investigation of the mineralogical composition of the soils suggested that the clay mineralogy (dominated by kaolinite and illite) is less likely to account for the differences in sorption observed than differences in the characteristics of the soil organic matter. Thermal analysis of the different soil fractions indicated that hydrogen peroxide treatment preferentially removed aliphatic fractions of organic matter, but had less effect on lignin-like, aromatic fractions.     

Degradation Impact Factors of Phenol Simulated Wastewater with Ultrasonic-hydrogen Peroxide

The use of ultrasonic,H2O2and the combination of two kinds of technology approach to ultrasound H2O2 phenol wastewater, treatment effect of three methods were compared the differences, and discussed the ultrasonic power, the solution pH value, ultrasonic time and ferrous ions (Fe2 + ) the amount of the treatment effect. The results show that hydrogen peroxide and ultrasonic treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment is superior to ultrasonic treatment group and H2O2 treatment. Through orthogonal experiments of phenol degradation rate of the size of the order has to pH>ultrasonic power>ultrasonic time>adding 0.1mmol·L-1FeSO4 amount of the basis of the experimental parameters, in order to obtain high degradation rate and cost, various factors. Optimization of process parameters for the ultrasonic time of 60 min, power is 200 W, pH is 3, adding FeSO4 amount of 1.0 mL. Under optimum conditions in this experiment, the degradation of phenol was 81.50%. Ultrasonic is relatively separate and separate hydrogen peroxide, the use of ultrasonic hydrogen peroxide degradation rate of phenol, save time, the advantages of speed degradation.     

Cytotoxic, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of isolated phenolic compounds from fresh ginger

Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the root bark of fresh (Yunnan) ginger and their structures fully characterized. Selected compounds were divided into structural categories and twelve compounds subjected to in-vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine-oxidase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, rat-brain homogenate lipid peroxidation, and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and primary liver cell viability to determine their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Isolated compounds were also tested against nine human tumor cell lines to characterize anticancer potency. Several diarylheptanoids and epoxidic diarylheptanoids were effective DPPH radical scavengers and moderately effective at inhibiting xanthine oxidase. An enone–dione analog of 6-shogaol (compound 2) was isolated and identified to be most effective at protecting PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. Almost all tested compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation. Three compounds, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol and an enone-diarylheptanoid analog of curcumin (compound 6) were identified to be cytotoxic in cell lines tested, with KB and HL60 cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol and the curcumin analog with IC₅₀ < 10 μM. QSAR analysis revealed cytotoxicity was related to compound lipophilicity and chemical reactivity. In conclusion, we observed distinct compounds in fresh ginger to have biological activities relevant in diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.     

青藏高原东缘某隧道建设区典型植物水分利用策略

[目的] 揭示青藏高原东缘隧道建设区植物的水分利用特征及其对环境变化的响应,为自然和人为影响下的生态脆弱区水土保持工作提供科学参考。[方法] 通过测定海拔3 230 m的某隧道建设区2020—2021年不同月份典型植物木质部水和各潜在水源的δ²H和δ¹⁸O值,利用MixSIAR模型计算植物吸收各潜在水源的比例,并计算每两种植物间的相似性比例指数(PS指数)以比较不同物种的水分竞争关系。[结果] 紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)、川西云杉(Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana)和刺叶高山栎(Quercus spinosa)以浅层土壤水(0—40 cm)作为主要水源;川杨(Populus szechuanica)主要吸收中深层(40—200 cm)土壤水;2021年8月和10月植物对浅层土壤水的利用比例较2020年同时期明显降低;川西云杉对0—40 cm和40—80 cm层土壤水的利用比例与相应层土壤含水量分别存在显著正相关和显著负相关关系(p＜0.05);在时间尺度上,川杨在2020年10月与其他3种植物的水分竞争关系较弱,PS指数范围为0.19～0.54。[结论] 土壤含水量及外界温度的改变是青藏高原东缘植被水分利用策略变化的主要因素,且这两个因子的重要性因物种而异;隧道建设会引起土壤和土壤水的流失,从而导致隧道建设后土壤含水量的降低;隧道建设后植物对浅层土壤水的依赖比隧道建设前低,因此需关注生态脆弱区隧道建设对土壤水分及植被适应机制的影响。     

基于空间分布的草原化荒漠地区红砂种群水分利用策略研究

[目的]研究区域尺度上荒漠灌木水分适应与分布格局相呼应关系,揭示干旱半干旱地区植物种群对环境响应的过程与机理,为深入理解植物与环境协同进化规律提供依据。[方法]采用点格局分析方法和氢氧稳定同位素示踪技术,分析了红砂(Reaumuria songarica)种群的空间分布格局、水分利用策略。[结果](1)在完全空间随机零模型下,红砂种群在<3 m尺度内均匀分布,在>32 m尺度内聚集分布,种群内部生态关系由竞争向促进转变;消除生境异质性后,种群在>30 m尺度下呈现随机分布,种内生态关系呈现减弱的趋势。红砂种群空间分布格局的形成过程中生境异质性在大尺度上起到了重要作用。(2)随着多年平均降水量的减少,红砂种群的水分利用深度由0—20 cm加深到60—100 cm;红砂种群的密度与多年降水呈现极显著负相关(p<0.01),样地的植被盖度变化主要受草本盖度影响,红砂植被盖度变化不显著。[结论]随着多年平均降水量的减少,红砂种群的分布格局受环境异质性影响。通过增加植株密度,红砂可以利用更深层的土壤水分适应环境胁迫。     

Effect of Pichia membranaefaciens on ROS metabolism and postharvest disease control in citrus fruit

The yeast Pichia membranaefaciens has antagonistic effects against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest fruit decay. This work evaluated the effects of P. membranaefaciens on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and disease control in harvested citrus fruit (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). The lesion diameter caused by Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum on citrus fruit was remarkably reduced when the fruit was point-inoculated or dipped in a suspension of P. membranaefaciens at 1 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹. The application of P. membranaefaciens on citrus fruit enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, as well as the levels of hydrogen peroxide, the superoxide anion and glutathione, but inhibited the decreasing ascorbic acid content. Furthermore, catalase activity was decreased by the same treatment. These results indicated that yeast treatment induced the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes which might have antagonistic effects against postharvest green and blue mold infection in citrus fruit.     

排硫硫杆菌净化处理沼气中H_2S实验研究

文章以排硫硫杆菌(Tiobacillus thioparus)作为接种菌株,实验了活性炭填料生物滴滤塔对沼气中H_2S的去除性能,研究了进气H_2S浓度、气体停留时间等参数对生物滴滤塔去除沼气中H_2S性能的影响。结果表明,以球状活性炭为填料,采用排硫硫杆菌接种生物滴滤塔处理含H_2S沼气,挂膜速度快,系统运行稳定且脱硫效率高。固定进气H_2S浓度1000 ppm,停留时间大于29 s时,H_2S去除率可以达到95%以上。动力学分析表明,生物降解一级反应动力学方程能够较好地与实验数据吻合,最大H_2S去除负荷为588.02 g·m^-3h^-1。随着实验的进行,填料塔的压力降会因为生物膜的生长和单质硫的积累逐渐增加,严重时导致气体完全堵塞,需要进行鼓泡反冲以除去积累的单质硫。     

玉米秸秆纤维素的磷酸结合碱性过氧化氢分离

传统玉米秸秆纤维素分离工艺中,一般采用硫酸等强酸进行处理,存在酸腐蚀性强及碱消耗量大等问题。基于此,研究以磷酸预处理结合碱性过氧化氢的处理工艺,探究处理过程中玉米秸秆纤维素、半纤维素及木质素质量分数的变化。通过单因素试验优化得到适宜工艺为:磷酸处理温度150℃,处理时间1. 5 h,磷酸质量分数1. 67%,氢氧化钠质量分数1. 0%,过氧化氢质量分数2. 0%,处理温度50℃,处理时间3 h,在此条件下制备的玉米秸秆纤维素得率达89. 02%,半纤维素去除率达93. 25%,木质素去除率达95. 18%,纤维素质量分数达90. 19%,同时在稀磷酸处理过程获得的滤液中能得到高副加值产物木糖、阿拉伯糖以及糠醛,半纤维素的回收率高达93. 81%。通过FTIR、SEM、AFM和XRD等测试分析发现,玉米秸秆经过磷酸处理后能有效去除半纤维素,碱性过氧化氢处理能脱除木质素组分,两步处理过程中秸秆纤维素晶型无变化,但是结晶度显著提高,热稳定性增强。     

基于氢氧稳定同位素的矮砧苹果树根系吸水深度研究

为了研究矮砧苹果树根系吸水深度,利用氢氧稳定同位素技术,测定了7年生矮砧苹果树在萌芽花期、新梢旺长期和果实膨大期不同深度土壤水的稳定同位素值,并应用IsoSource多元线性模型分析水源的水分贡献率。结果表明:矮砧苹果树在萌芽花期主要利用0~20 cm(59.5%)处的土壤水;在新梢旺长期6月主要吸水深度为0~20 cm(42.9%)和20~40 cm(11.1%);新梢旺长期7月根系的主要吸水深度为0~20 cm(24.3%)和20~40 cm(29.1%);果实膨大期8月为0~20 cm(23.6%)、20~40 cm(37.1%)和40~60 cm(11.6%);果实膨大期9月为0~20 cm(26.3%)、20~40 cm(27.3%)和40~60 cm(13.8%)。