苯基含氢硅树脂的制备及固化性能研究

以苯基三甲氧基硅烷(Phenyltrimethoxysilane,PTMS)、1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane,HTMS)和六甲基二硅氧烷(Hexamethyldisiloxane,HMDSO)为主要原料,酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,采用水解缩聚的方法制备了苯基含氢硅树脂(Hydrogen containing phenyl silicone resin,PHMT树脂),采用傅里叶转换红外线光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FTIS)和核磁共振氢谱(1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,1HNMR)对其结构进行了表征,并对其制备工艺、固化性能进行了研究.结果表明,甲氧基的水解程度达99.9%,但羟基缩聚不完全,其残留量约为质量分数0.57%.采用含氢量为体积分数0.37%,黏度为722 mPa·s的苯基含氢硅树脂为交联剂,其固化物机械性能较好.     

脱氢松香基有机小分子凝胶因子的合成及其性能

用12-溴-13,14-双硝基脱氢松香酸甲酯合成了一种新型的有机小分子凝胶因子1,4a-二甲基-6-溴-1,2,3,4,4a,17,18,18a-八氢萘基[2,1-h]二吡啶并[3,2-a:2,3-c]吩嗪甲酸甲酯(DBNPM),通过1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和IR等表征手段对产物结构进行了表征。为了考察此小分子凝胶因子的自组装行为,研究了该分子在不同有机溶剂中的成胶性能和形貌。研究发现,在甲醇中临界成胶浓度(CGC)最低,为0.5 g/L;但是在二氧六环中凝胶性质最为稳定。扫描电镜(SEM)照片显示,从甲醇溶剂中得到的干胶呈片状结构,从二氧六环溶剂中得到的干胶呈网状结构;通过红外光谱和XRD测试研究证实,该化合物分子间的氢键是凝胶化的重要驱动力之一。     

葡萄糖基质对光合细菌光合产氢过程中菌体活性的影响

研究光合细菌产氢过程中菌体活性的变化及产氢基质对菌体活性的影响对于揭示光合细菌光合产氢本质,提高光合细菌产氢效率具有重要意义。该文以光合细菌为研究对象,以葡萄糖为产氢基质,研究了产氢基质对光合细菌的生长及产氢活性的影响,分析了产氢过程中菌体生长活性下降的原因,并探讨了产氢基质添加浓度对光合细菌吸收光谱的影响。结果发现,光合细菌利用葡萄糖产氢过程中存在着代谢产酸过程,产生的代谢酸引起菌液的酸化,细胞生长受到酸性条件抑制,菌体活性下降。当底物葡萄糖浓度低于3 mmol/L时,光合细菌不产氢,但菌体吸收光谱特征     

Thermal deactivation of high-affinity H2 uptake activity in soils

Soils are the most important sink for atmospheric hydrogen, which is assumed to be oxidized by abiontic soil hydrogenases or by putative high-affinity hydrogenases of microbial origin. The activity of soil hydrogenases has been found to change with soil temperature as it changes during the day and the season. However, it is unclear whether and to which extent the soil hydrogenases are deactivated by increased temperature. Therefore, we incubated soils from different climates and different ecosystems (forest, agricultural, arid, hyper-arid, paddy, peat) at elevated temperature and measured the residual activity at 25 °C after different incubation times. We found that at least part of the soil hydrogenase is deactivated irreversibly already at relatively low temperatures (>30 °C) and short exposure times (>10 min) and that the deactivation was more pronounced in soil from cold versus hot climate. The deactivation kinetics could be fitted to a biexponential model, but were complex with respect to soil type and deactivation temperature. The results show that new hydrogenase activity has to be generated in the soil to compensate for activity loss by diurnal and seasonally increased temperature.     

H_2O_2位于ABA的上游参与葡萄对低温的应答

以抗寒性较强的葡萄品种(砧木)贝达1 a生枝条叶片为材料,研究低温胁迫下贝达叶片中H2O2与ABA含量的变化及外源H2O2和抗坏血酸(AsA)对贝达叶片中ABA含量的影响。结果表明:低温胁迫下贝达叶片中H2O2与ABA含量先增加后降低,具有猝发现象,H2O2猝发时间早于ABA;外施一定浓度的H2O2可以促进贝达内源ABA的积累,缓解5℃低温对膜的伤害;而外施H2O2的清除剂AsA显著降低内源ABA的含量。表明H2O2与ABA参与了贝达对低温胁迫的应答,H2O2可能位于ABA的上游。     

氢环境中含轴向裂纹管道扩展孕育期的计算

在天然气输送工程中，广泛存在着管道的氢损伤问题，根据内聚力损伤模型，运用权函数方法，通过计算数学裂纹长度，提出了含油向裂纹管道在氢环境承载能力的评估方法和裂纹扩展孕育期的计算方法，分析表明，随着裂纹尖端氢浓度的增大，裂纹尖端的内聚力随之减小，数学裂工度随之增大，管道的承载能力大大降低，另外从理论和数值计算两方面分析了操作压力，氢 环境，氢扩散系数以及环境温度对孕育的影响。     

Convenient Agarose Preparation with Hydrogen Peroxide and Desulfation Process Analysis

Agarose is a natural seaweed polysaccharide and widely used in the medicine, food, and biological fields because of its high gel strength, non-toxicity, and electrical neutrality. The sulfate group is one of the main charged groups that affect the performance of agarose. In the present study, a simple, eco-friendly, and efficient method was explored for agarose preparation. After desulfation with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), the sulfate content of agar reached 0.21%. Together with gel strength, electroendosmosis, gelling and melting temperature, the indicators of desulfated agar met the standards of commercially available agarose. Notably, the desulfated agar can be used as an agarose gel electrophoresis medium to separate DNA molecules, and the separation effect is as good as that of commercially available agarose. Further, the H₂O₂ desulfation process was analyzed. The addition of a hydroxyl radical (HO•) scavenger remarkably decreased the H₂O₂ desulfation rate, indicating that HO• has a certain role in agar desulfation. Sulfate content detection indicated that sulfur was removed from agar molecules in the form of sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻) and metal sulfate. The band absence at 850 cm⁻¹ indicated that the sulfate groups at C-4 of D-galactose in sulfated galactan were eliminated.     

厌氧污泥发酵制氢工艺试验研究

试验研究了酸处理、碱处理、热处理、超声波预处理厌氧污泥发酵产氢的产氢量，选择产氢量最高的热预处理后的污泥作为混合微生物系，以葡萄糖为基质，研究了温度、pH值、底物浓度对厌氧污泥发酵产氢量的影响。结果表明，发酵的温度、pH值、底物浓度是影响热处理污泥发酵产氢的3个重要因素。厌氧污泥发酵产氢的最适pH值为6.0，最适葡萄糖浓度为5 g/L，最适温度为45℃。     

木屑高温水蒸气气化制备富氢燃气的特性研究

在高温固定床反应器内,无催化剂作用下,进行了木屑高温水蒸气气化制取富氢燃气的特性研究。实验主要研究3 g原料,反应温度(750～1 050℃)及水蒸气流量(0～1.5 g/min)对燃气组分、产氢率、燃气热值(QLHV)等气化过程评价指标的影响。实验结果表明:反应温度和水蒸气流量对燃气组分影响很大,较高的反应温度和加入适量的水蒸气有利于氢气的产生,但随着反应温度的升高和水蒸气流量的增加会使燃气热值降低。在1 000℃时,水蒸气流量为1.02 g/min时,燃气中氢气体积分数可达51.03%,产氢率为71.08 g/kg(以干燥基计,下同),为理论最大产氢率(172.02 g/kg)的41.32%。考虑到实际操作过程,在反应温度为850℃时,水蒸气流量的最佳值为1.02 g/min。木屑高温水蒸气气化所得燃气热值在11～13 MJ/m3范围内变化。研究结果证明,高温水蒸气气化是生物质制取富氢燃气的一种有效方法。     

Changes in photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants in response to manganese stress

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess the physiological and biochemical responses of cotton plants to manganese (Mn²⁺) nutrition. Four cotton genotypes (G1 – TMG 47; G2 – FM 975 WS; G3 – TMG 11 WS and G4 – IMA 8405 GLT) were grown in nutrient solution under two Mn²⁺ concentrations (2 and 200 µmol L^?1) for 10 days. No visible symptoms of Mn²⁺ toxicity were observed in the genotypes tested. All genotypes showed a marked increase in leaf chlorophylls, pheophytins, carotenoids, sucrose and total sugars concentration in response to high Mn²⁺ in a nutrient solution. However, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration decreased in genotypes G1 and G2 growing under 200 µmol L^?1. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities increased in genotypes G1, G3 and G4. Cotton genotypes showed an increased leaf antioxidant and sugar metabolism as a possible strategy to mitigate oxidative stress. The decrease in the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance; the increased antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, APX and GR); and the increase in leaf sucrose and total sugar concentration were the main physiological and biochemical responses in cotton plants to Mn²⁺ stress.