退化人工草地更新效果观测

利用草地建植方法,对１７５．７ｈｍ＾２退化人工草地进行了更新改良,结果,当年平均干草产量达３５７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２比未更新地带提高２０５８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２;播种牧草相对重量６５．９％,未更新地带１５．１％,优势度由重建前的２７．０％上升至６１．８％,恶性杂草竞争力下降,基本形成白叶＋黑麦草＋鸭茅＋画眉草＋红三叶＋狗尾草＋白茅＋蒿类的格局。     

Influences of the Paddy Rices with Different Moistures on the Head Rice Recovery

A major component rice varietv of Xiangwanxian 9 (a late Indica variety) with 13.1%, 15.6% and 18.3% of the moisture was respectively mixed with three ad-ditive varieties in 13% of moisture at ration of 7:3 for processing assorted rices. Head rice recovery of the treatments was determined 24 hours later. Analysis indicated sig-nificant differences exist in the effects produced by the component varieties, their moistures and the component variety moisture.     

西藏“一江两河”中部流域河谷沙化草地及其恢复途径探讨

“一江两河”中部流域是西藏沙漠化最为严重的地区之一，草地的沙化对于生态环境的恶化和畜牧业生产造成很大的不利影响。通过对这一地区草地的现状分析，划分了沙化草地类型，并通过示范试验结果分析，探讨了沙化草地恢复的主要措施。     

梅花品种抗寒性的比较分析

用电导法和生长法测定了梅花38个主要代表品种的抗寒性,并对梅花的系统、类、型的抗寒性进行了比较。结果表明,杏梅系统比真梅系统抗寒,真梅系统的直脚梅类和垂枝梅类比龙游梅类抗寒。在直脚梅类的六个型中,玉蝶型和绿萼型抗寒性较强,朱砂型抗寒弱。垂枝梅类的‘骨红垂枝’同直脚梅类的朱砂型抗寒性相似。对梅花品种抗寒性的季节性变化、同型及同品种在不同栽培地区的差异及其枝条脱水等也进行了一些讨论。提出了在北京地区引种栽培梅花的几点意见。     

DNA recovery from agarose gels with a simple centrifuge-driven sephadex filtration

Conventional methods of DNA recovery from agarose gel generally require expensive equipment, extended elution times, or considerable handling of the sample after elution. We developed a simple protocol for a quick and effective recovery of DNA from agarose gels with good yield and quality. Using a Sephadex resin filled spin column, DNA fragments of 500 bp to 6 kb in an agarose gel slice were easily recovered by a 2 min centrifugation. The recovery efficiencies were over 40%-50% and the eluted DNA can be used directly for downstream application, such as polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and restriction enzyme digestion. This method could also be used to recover large DNA fragment (48 kb) without degradation. The use of Sephadex helps to remove small molecular impurities from agarose and it also reduces the chance of clogging the column filter caused by direct contact with agarose.     

Effects of detomidine or romifidine during maintenance and recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia in horses

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of detomidine or romifidine on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses undergoing isoflurane anaesthesia.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, clinical study.AnimalsA total of 63 healthy horses undergoing elective surgery during general anaesthesia.MethodsHorses were randomly allocated to three groups of 21 animals each. In group R, horses were given romifidine intravenously (IV) for premedication (80 μg kg^–1), maintenance (40 μg kg^–1 hour^–1) and before recovery (20 μg kg^–1). In group D2.5, horses were given detomidine IV for premedication (15 μg kg^–1), maintenance (5 μg kg^–1 hour^–1) and before recovery (2.5 μg kg^–1). In group D5, horses were given the same doses of detomidine IV for premedication and maintenance but 5 μg kg^–1 prior to recovery. Premedication was combined with morphine IV (0.1 mg kg^–1) in all groups. Cardiovascular and blood gas variables, expired fraction of isoflurane (Fe′Iso), dobutamine or ketamine requirements, recovery times, recovery events scores (from sternal to standing position) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared between groups using either anova followed by Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis followed by Bonferroni or chi-square tests, as appropriate (p < 0.05).ResultsNo significant differences were observed between groups for Fe′Iso, dobutamine or ketamine requirements and recovery times. Cardiovascular and blood gas measurements remained within physiological ranges for all groups. Group D5 horses had significantly worse scores for balance and coordination (p = 0.002), overall impression (p = 0.021) and final score (p = 0.008) than group R horses and significantly worse mean scores for VAS than the other groups (p = 0.002).Conclusions and clinical relevanceDetomidine or romifidine constant rate infusion provided similar conditions for maintenance of anaesthesia. Higher doses of detomidine at the end of anaesthesia might decrease the recovery quality.     

云南岩溶地区石漠化生态恢复的思路

云南岩溶面积达11.09万km2,占全省国土面积的28.14%,是西南地区岩溶集中分布区,岩溶石漠化面积已达2.15万km2.分析云南岩溶的分布,以及岩溶地区生态脆弱给当地人民带来生产、生活的生态危机,并结合云南石漠化治理的成功经验,提出岩溶地区生态恢复的思路.     

次生阔叶林改建为食用菌原料林后的群落恢复和林分生长

选择12年生林相较好的天然次生阔叶林,通过择伐更新和皆伐人促更新2种经营方式定向培育食用菌原料林。研究发现,择伐经营的经济效益较高,且有利于群落的快速恢复,经过7a的封育,林分蓄积量已达到择伐前的水平。皆伐人促更新获得的食用菌材虽较择伐利用高出40%左右,但因经营强度过大,保留的幼树受损严重而不利于伐后林木的生长与恢复,封育期内蓄积增长量分别为择伐更新和对照未经营区的64 7%和73 41%。动态监测结果显示,采用择伐和皆伐人促更新措施后群落恢复较快。疏伐后因透光度的急剧增加,阳性和中性树种大量侵入,地面芽植物和1年生植物的比例增高。到第7a时,高位芽植物的比例已接近未经营区的状态,乔、灌、草各层的物种多样性指数高于未经营的天然阔叶林,物种均匀度则与其相近。研究还发现,2种更新经营方式对土壤养分的损失较小,经过7a的恢复,林地土壤肥力已基本达到原有天然林水平。     

植被恢复与重建过程中小流域降雨及水沙变化特征研究

以女儿寨小流域为研究对象，着重研究了植被恢复与重建过程中小流域系统的降雨和水沙变化特征，并对植被恢复过程中的总体减沙水平做了分析。结果表明：①受大气环流的影响，小流域年际降雨量差异较大；小流域降雨年内时间分布极为不均，集中性很大，主要集中在汛期（4-8月），但年内降雨量的月间分布趋势基本一致。②小流域迳流年际变化很大，迳流年内分配不均。迳流集中是该小流域迳流变化的一个显著特征：小流域的植被恢复与重建对洪峰的出现和洪峰流量具有明显的延缓和削减作用。③径流（Qi）主要来源于降水（Pi），二者呈明显的一元线型关系：Pi=115．7678＋2．7386Qi。④小流域的年输沙模数与年迳流量的变化规律基本一致，小流域年内产沙也高度集中，且与降水、迳流关系密切，小流域的土壤侵蚀主要由汛期的强降水引起。⑤随着小流域大面积、高标准的生态环境建设，1990年至2004年间小流域的输沙模数呈锐减之势，植被恢复与重建起到了显著的减沙效应。     

Root distribution pattern of the wild jack tree (Artocarpus hirsutus Lamk.) as studied by 32P soil injection method

Root distribution of the wild jack tree (Artocarpus hirsutus) was determined by selective placement of ³²P at various depths and lateral distances from the tree, in Kerala, India. In eight-and-a-half-year-old trees growing on a lateritic site, absorption of ³²P from a lateral distance of 75 cm and 30 cm depth was much greater than from 150 and 225 cm lateral distance and 60 and 90 cm depth. Root activity declined with increasing depth and lateral distance. Most of the physiologically active roots were concentrated within a radius of 75 cm and 30 cm depth, although the tap root might reach even deeper. Possibly, surface accumulation of feeder roots may cause considerable overlap of the tree and crop root zones in intercropping situations. However, as the tree roots seldom extend beyond 2.25 m laterally from the trunk, the effect of overlapping root zones and the associated competitive effects may not be a serious problem for intercropping during the first few years (<10 years after planting) of tree growth.