基于色调分形维数的柑橘糖度和有效酸度检

研究了宫川温州蜜柑糖度及有效酸度的机器视觉检测技术及影响检测精度的因素.对机器视觉系统采集的柑橘图像进行图像裁切、亮度法去图像背景和RGB空间至HSI空间的转换,将柑橘色调范围分割为0°～20°、20°～40°、40°～60°、60°～80°、80°～100°和100°～120°共6个区域,提取各区域色调分形维数,以此作为BP神经网络输入,无损检测宫川温州蜜柑糖度及有效酸度.167个测试样本的检测结果表明:在±1.5°Brix精度范围内糖度正确识别率为66.6175%,在±0.5精度范围内有效酸度正确识别率为73.9275%.宫川温州蜜柑糖度及有效酸度与果皮色调分形维数之间具有相关性,可用机器视觉检测其糖度及有效酸度.     

重庆市城乡统筹试验区土地利用平衡度测算

测算了2012年重庆市城乡统筹试验区各区县土地利用平衡度,分析了各区县土地利用平衡发展的驱动机制,并定量测算了各区县相对应的土地利用潜力度。结果表明:(1)高度平衡发展类和比较平衡发展类的区县主要位于大约1 h经济圈内(其距离粗略以汽车车程计)。发展失衡的5个区县中,秀山县和酉阳县位于渝东南地区,城口、巫山以及巫溪县位于渝东北地区。(2)高度平衡类的12区县呈现出3大系统相对协调平衡发展的趋势;比较平衡类的17个区县中,3种效益驱动都有;基本平衡类4个区县全部属于生态效益驱动型;失调发展类的5个区县均属于生态效益驱动型。(3)巫山等3个区县土地利用潜力度很大;秀山等2个区县土地利用潜力度较大;石柱等4个区县土地利用潜力度较小,表明这些区县尚有潜力可以挖掘;沙坪坝等17个区县土地利用潜力度很小,其可挖掘潜力在现有技术水平很难实现或者需要花费很大的经济成本;江北等12个区县的土地利用潜力度极小,几乎没有可挖掘的空间。     

基于“三生空间”协调的农村居民点布局优化研究

开展农村居民点布局优化研究,对集约利用土地资源、重塑村落景观格局具有重要的现实意义。选取典型丘陵区重庆市荣昌区河包镇为研究区,以农村居民点“共生斑块”为研究单元,基于“三生空间”协调理念,研究了农村居民点布局优化的策略和方向。结果表明:（1）基于共生关系建立农村居民点“共生斑块”更加符合丘陵区的实际情况。将研究区相距50 m以内的农村居民点斑块进行合并处理后,其数量由2 584个减少到1 047个,实现了具有共生关系的农村居民点斑块一体化。（2）依据“三生空间”协调理念,对农村居民点“共生斑块”等级进行评价,其在空间上呈现出由内向外的差序格局,根据斑块等级、斑块规模、三生空间协调度、城镇规划,采取“城镇化、重点建设、规模管控、迁移合并”的差异化布局优化策略。（3）将重点建设型居民点中的优势斑块作为发生元,生成加权Voronoi图,可指导全镇农村居民点空间格局趋于合理化。研究认为,“三生空间”协调理念与空间分析工具的有机结合,既完成了农村居民点布局优化,又维持了其空间结构的稳定,有助于实现乡村转型与乡土文化传承。     

Fractionation of soil humic acids by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of concentrated urea

To separate soil humic acids (HAs) into their constituents and characterize them, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was carried out in the presence of 7 M urea using a preparative electrophoresis system. Two types of soil HAs were fractionated into nine fractions by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents were recovered from the electrophoretic fractions by precipitation on acidification, and the brown-colored constituents dissolved in the acidic solution of fast-moving fractions were recovered by adsorption onto DAX-8 resin. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) confirmed that the constituents of the HAs were separated based on their molecular size by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents exhibited higher degrees of humification than did the corresponding unfractionated HAs, except for the constituents remaining in the electrophoretic gels at the end of electrophoresis. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy revealed that the chemical properties of the dark-colored constituents changed regularly: the content of carboxyl groups decreased and the proportions of proteinous, aliphatic and polysaccharide moieties increased with increasing molecular size. The humification degrees of the constituents adsorbed onto DAX-8 resin were considerably lower than those of the corresponding unfractionated HAs. The chemical properties of the DAX-8-adsorbed constituents were different from those of the dark-colored constituents. Observation of electrophoretic fractions under blue light (470 nm) and HPSEC with fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 460 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm showed that green fluorescent substances were largely concentrated in the smallest molecular size fractions and were partitioned into both the dark-colored precipitates and DAX-8-adsorbed fractions. The proportion of organic carbon recovered by precipitation and adsorption onto DAX-8 resin was 45–63%, indicating that substantial parts of the HA constituents were missing. The unrecovered constituents were considered to be acid-soluble, nearly colorless substances. The dissociation of the acid-soluble constituents from the acid-insoluble dark-colored constituents during the preparative PAGE of soil HAs was ascribed to disruption of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions caused by concentrated urea.     

基于蚁群算法的六自由度采摘机器人轨迹规划研究

在现代农业生产中,果蔬采摘作业复杂而繁重,采摘机器人在作业过程中常常需要经历成千上万个果蔬采摘点,面对这样巨大的工作量,采摘机器人移动路径规划显得非常重要。为此,以采摘机器人运动轨迹为研究对象,以其运动轨迹总长最短为研究目标,针对机器人各关节机构运动速度变化情况及机器人运动特性,利用基本蚁群原理对六自由度采摘机器人的路径进行规划。实验结果表明:所设计的采摘机器人轨迹优化技术不但路径优化能力强、运动轨迹平滑,还具有可靠性强及稳定性好的优点。     

基于灰色关联度变权法的浅层地下水环境质量综合评价

引入指数型白化权函数对灰色关联度变权法中的白化权函数进行修正,使得能够对地下水更合理、客观、准确地评价。将晋江市浅层地下水看作一个灰色系统,在灰色关联度变权法模型基础上,对各水质监测点不同类别的隶属度和灰色关联度作对比分析判断其评价等级以及质量优劣次序,说明灰色关联度变权法对地下水环境质量综合评价方法适当。研究区内绝大多数地区水质状况良好,影响区域地下水质量的指标主要为TDS、锰、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、氯化物,水质较差区主要分布于沿海工业分布较密集区及引污水灌溉农田地区,说明工农业发展、人类活动加剧及海水入侵是造成本区水质变化的主要原因之一。     

基于高光谱图像的香醋醋醅均匀性快速判别

以镇江香醋固态发酵过程中总酸质量分数和p H值为表征指标,利用高光谱图像技术和化学计量学实现翻醅均匀性快速判别。以翻醅前后醋醅为研究对象,首先采集其高光谱信息,同时检测对应的总酸质量分数和p H值;然后以联合区间偏最小二乘(si PLS)和遗传算法(GA)优选特征变量;采用偏最小二乘(PLS)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)方法建立表征醋醅均匀性指标的快速预测模型;最后使用最优模型计算高光谱图像每个像素点的总酸质量分数和p H值,伪彩色处理,获得醋醅总酸质量分数和p H值分布图。结果表明,总酸质量分数和p H值最佳模型的相关系数(R)分别为0.775 1和0.797 4、预测均方根误差(RMSECP)为0.389%和0.041 7;分布图中翻醅前总酸质量分数和p H值范围为3.0%~7.8%和3.5~4.2,醋醅局部有明显结块,分布不均匀,翻醅后总酸质量分数和p H值范围较集中,为4.8%~7.0%和3.6~3.9,醋醅分布较均匀。结果表明利用高光谱技术快速预测醋醅均匀性是可行的。     

淀粉共生蛋白对淀粉水解的影响

以小麦面粉为原料,研究了淀粉共生蛋白对淀粉酶解性质的影响。对洗淀粉过程中影响蛋白含量的条件进行了单因素试验,用SDS溶液和蛋白酶进一步除去淀粉中的蛋白质成分,然后对制得的含氮量不同的淀粉样品进行酶解。试验结果表明,蛋白酶能有效地去除淀粉共生蛋白,而淀粉共生蛋白有助于淀粉的水解。     

鹰嘴豆浆液蛋白发酵与酶解效果的对比分析

为对比观察国产蛋白酶酶解和益生菌发酵降解鹰嘴豆浆液蛋白的效果,比较酶解法、发酵法降解鹰嘴豆浆液蛋白为小分子蛋白肽的能力,采用碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶分别酶解,纳豆芽孢杆菌、植物乳酸菌、蛹虫草分别发酵鹰嘴豆浆液蛋白,测定不同处理时间时的可溶性氮、DH、电泳条带等的变化情况。研究结果发现,国产碱性蛋白酶酶解鹰嘴豆浆液蛋白240 min,上清液的可溶性氮含量可达到0.1389%,DH为6.43%;木瓜蛋白酶酶解240 min 时的上清液可溶性氮含量达到0.0972%,DH为4.41%;而发酵法处理以纳豆芽孢杆菌效果最显著,纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵处理鹰嘴豆浆液蛋白8 h时的上清液可溶性氮含量为0.0895%,DH为4.03%。本研究表明,酶解法降解鹰嘴豆浆液蛋白的效果要比微生物发酵法处理时间短,降解效果更好。     

Study on Heat and Mass Transport of Porous Saline Materials

On_site measurement and numerical modeling are made for the interior heat mass distribution. The heat and mass coupling equation system to the porous saline materials in one-dimensional temperature and mass degree field was established. The dynamic distribution features of the materials in moderate temperature and mass degree field were obtained. The result of numerical modeling coincided with that of actual measurement and testified to the numerical model. The study has significance in promoting the interrelated sciences in their studies on the problem of heat and mass transport in porous saline materials.